1、Designation: B208 14 Endorsed byAmerican Foundrymens SocietyStandard Practice forPreparing Tension Test Specimens for Copper Alloy Sand,Permanent Mold, Centrifugal, and Continuous Castings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B208; the number immediately following the designation indi
2、cates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of
3、 the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice establishes procedures for preparing testcoupons and specimens (machined and unmachined) for ten-sion tests of copper alloys for sand, permanent mold, centrifu-gal and continuous castings.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be r
4、egardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms relating to
5、 copper alloys can befound in Terminology B846.4. Significance and Use4.1 The mechanical properties determined from test bars forsand, permanent mold, and centrifugal castings poured inaccordance with this practice represent the properties of themetal going into castings poured from the same heat. T
6、hesemechanical properties may not be the same as the properties ofthe corresponding castings because of the solidification effectsof varying size, section, and design.4.2 Test bars for continuous castings are taken from thecastings and therefore represent the properties of the castings.5. Test Coupo
7、ns5.1 Sand CastingsThe test bar coupons shall be made bythe same manufacturing process as the castings they representwherever possible. If the castings are cast entirely in greensand, partial cores shall be permitted for the test bars but in nocase shall chills be permitted. Unless otherwise agreed
8、uponbetween the manufacturer and purchaser, test bars may bepoured in cores on a production line. The use of filters in thegating system is permitted.5.1.1 High-Shrinkage Sand-Cast AlloysThe test specimencoupons for copper casting alloys exhibiting high shrinkageduring freezing and cooling shall be
9、cast to the form anddimensions shown in Fig. 1 (a or b) or 2 (a or b). If specimenshaving threaded ends are to be used in the tension tests, thelength of the keel blocks in Fig. 1a may be reduced to 614 in.(159 mm). See Appendix X1 for SI equivalents.5.1.2 Low-Shrinkage Sand-Cast AlloysThe test spec
10、imencoupons for copper casting alloys exhibiting low shrinkageduring freezing and cooling shall be cast to the form anddimensions shown in Fig. 2 (Aor B), Fig. 3,orFig. 4 or as maybe prescribed in the casting specifications.5.2 Centrifugal CastingsUnless otherwise specified by thepurchaser, the manu
11、facturer shall pour the test bars in the sametype of mold as the castings themselves. That is, test bars forsand mold castings shall be poured in sand molds, and test barsfor chill mold castings shall be poured in chill molds.5.2.1 The centrifugally cast test specimen coupons shall becast to the for
12、m and dimensions of Fig. 5a.5.2.2 Static test bar coupons shall be cast in open keel blockmolds as dimensioned in Fig. 5b.5.3 Continuous CastingsTest bars shall be taken from thecontinuous cast product. Test bars may be taken beforemechanical straightening.5.3.1 Test bar coupons shall be taken in a
13、longitudinaldirection from the continuous cast product at the mid-wall ofhollow castings or at one-half the distance between the centerand the side of solid castings as illustrated in Fig. 6.5.3.2 For irregular shapes, the location of the test barcoupon shall be as agreed upon between the manufactur
14、er andpurchaser.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper andCopper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.05 on Castingsand Ingots for Remelting.Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originallyapproved in 1946. Last previous
15、edition approved in 2006 as B208 06. DOI:10.1520/B0208-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A
16、Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1(a) Bottom Gating(b) Bottom Gating (Lower Weight Version)NOTE 1Where this type of test bar design is used, bottom gating is
17、recommended for alloys such as aluminum bronze, where turbulence and oxidationare factors.FIG. 1 Double Keel Block Test BarB208 142FIG. 2 a Double Horizontal Full-Web Type Test BarsFIG. 2 b Triple Full-Web Type Test BarB208 143(a) Gating Design for Double Vertical Full-Web or Grip-Web Type Bars (Ful
18、l-Web Bars Being Cast)(b) Design of the Vertical Grip-Web Bar (Gating and Risering System as in (a)FIG. 3 Double Vertical Full-Web and Grip-Web Type Test BarsB208 1445.3.3 Transverse test specimens are allowed for continuouscast product having a cross section thickness, diameter, or wallof 4 in. or
19、more. The cross sections are the diameter of a roundsolid, the distance across flats of a solid hexagon, the thicknessof a rectangle, and the wall thickness of a tube.5.4 Permanent Mold CastingsThe test bar coupons shallbe made in the permanent die for test bars shown in Fig. 7 orFig. 9. The runner,
20、 gate, and risers shall be coated with aninsulating spray. The test bar cavity shall be coated with agraphite spray. Test bar casting shall be poured in the tiltedposition and rotated to the vertical position during pouring.6. Test Specimens6.1 Sand CastTension test specimens shall be machinedfrom t
21、he coupons described in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 and shown inFig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3. They shall be of the form anddimensions shown in Fig. 11 for the 0.500-in. standard test barspecimen.6.1.1 In the case of test specimens prepared from thecoupons in Fig. 4, the manufacturer shall have the option oftestin
22、g the specimens without machining the gage length. If thespecimens are machined, the gage length, parallel sections, andfillets shall be machined to the dimensions shown in Fig. 11.6.2 Centrifugally CastTension test specimens shall bemachined from the coupons described in 5.2.1 and shown inFig. 5. T
23、hey shall be of the form and dimensions shown in Fig.11.6.3 Continuous CastTension test specimens shall be ma-chined from the continuous cast product as described in 5.3.1and shown in Fig. 6. They shall be of the form and dimensionsas shown in Fig. 11.6.4 Permanent MoldTension test specimens shall b
24、e cutfrom the test bar coupon shown in Fig. 7 or Fig. 9 and shall beof the form and dimensions shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 10.NOTE 1The dimensions for the die shown in Fig. 7 or Fig. 9 are“standard rule.”After solidification and cooling, a tension test specimen ofthe form and dimensions of Fig. 8 and F
25、ig. 10 will be produced by the dieshown in Fig. 7 or Fig. 9.6.4.1 The gage length and reduced section shall be as cast,but the ends may be machined to fit the holders of the testingmachine in such a way that the load shall be axial.7. Keywords7.1 copper alloys; copper alloy castings; tension testspe
26、cimensFIG. 4 Optional Coupon for As-Cast Tension Test Specimen, Button HeadB208 145FIG. 5 a Centrifugal Cast Test BarFIG. 5 b Open Keel Block Test BarB208 146FIG. 6 Continuous Cast Test BarB208 147FIG. 7 Permanent Mold Test Bar DieFIG. 8 Permanent Mold As-Cast Test Bar Obtained from Permanent Mold D
27、ie in Fig. 7B208 148FIG.9PermanentMoldTestBarDieB208 149FIG.10PermanentMoldAs-CastTestBarObtainedfromPermanentMoldDieinFig.9B208 1410APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SI EQUIVALENTS FOR NUMERICAL VALUES SHOWN IN Figs. 1-10DimensionsNominal DiameterStandard Specimen Small-Size Specimens Proportio
28、nal to Standardin. in. in. in. in.0.500 0.350 0.250 0.160 0.113GGage length 2.000 0.005 1.400 0.005 1.000 0.005 0.640 0.005 0.450 0.005DDiameter (Note 1) 0.500 0.010 0.350 0.007 0.250 0.005 0.160 0.003 0.113 0.002RRadius of fillet, min3814316532332ALength of reduced section, min Note 2 ) 214 134 114
29、3458NOTE 1The reduced section may have a gradual taper from the ends toward the center, with the ends not more than 1 % larger in diameter than thecenter (controlling dimension).NOTE 2If desired, the length of the reduced section may be increased to accommodate an extensometer of any convenient gage
30、 length. Referencemarks for the measurement of elongation should, nevertheless, be spaced at the indicated gage length.NOTE 3The gage length and fillets may be as shown, but the ends may be of any form to fit the holders of the testing machine in such a way thatthe load shall be axial (see Fig. 8 an
31、d Fig. 10). If the ends are to be held in wedge grips it is desirable, if possible, to make the length of the grip sectiongreat enough to allow the specimen to extend into the grips a distance equal to two thirds or more of the length of the grips.NOTE 4On the round specimens in Fig. 11 and Fig. 8 a
32、nd Fig. 10, the gage lengths are equal to four times the nominal diameter. In some productspecifications other specimens may be provided for, but unless the 4-to-1 ratio is maintained within dimensional tolerances, the elongation values maynot be comparable with those obtained from the standard test
33、 specimen.NOTE 5The use of specimens smaller than 0.250-in. diameter shall be restricted to cases when the material to be tested is of insufficient size to obtainlarger specimens or when all parties agree to their use for acceptance testing. Similar specimens require suitable equipment and greater s
34、kill in bothmachining and testing.NOTE 6Five sizes of specimens often used have diameters of approximately 0.505, 0.357, 0.252, 0.160, and 0.113 in., the reason being to permit easycalculations of stress from loads, since the corresponding cross-sectional areas are equal or close to 0.200, 0.100, 0.
35、0500, 0.0200, and 0.0100 in.2,respectively. Thus, when the actual diameters agree with these values, the stresses (or strengths) may be computed using the simple multiplying factors5, 10, 20, 50, and 100, respectively. (The metric equivalents of these five diameters do not result in correspondingly
36、convenient cross-sectional areas andmultiplying factors.)FIG. 11 Standard 0.500-in. Round Tension Test Specimen with 2-in. Gage Length and Examples of Small-Size Specimens Proportionalto the Standard SpecimenB208 1411SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B05 has identified the location of selected changes to
37、this standard since the last issue (B208 06)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved April 1, 2014.)Figs. 9 and 10 were redrawn. Dimensions shown were changedfrom SI units to English units.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connec
38、tion with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsib
39、le technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful con
40、sideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100
41、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM web
42、site(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE X1.1 SI Equivalents for Numerical Values Shown inFigs. 1-10in. mm in. mm in. mm0.005 0.1378 22.2 212 63.50.01 0.251516 23.8 234 69.80.50 12.7 1 25.4 3 76.2116 1.5
43、9 1116 27.0 3116 77.818 3.18 118 28.6 338 85.714 6.35 1316 30.2 312 88.9334 95.2932 7.14 114 31.8 4 102516 7.94 1516 33.3 414 10838 9.52 1716 36.5 412 114434 1215 127512 140716 11.1 112 38.1 6 1521532 11.9 158 41.3 614 15912 12.7 11116 52.9 612 16558 15.9 134 44.4 8 2031116 17.5 2 50.8 8116 20534 19.0 2116 52.4 814 2101316 20.6 214 57.2 9912101516229241278B208 1412
