1、Designation: B 251 02e1Standard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper andCopper-Alloy Tube1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 251; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTEReferenced Documents were editorial
3、ly corrected in November 2003.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of general require-ments common to several wrought product specifications.Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, or in anindividual specification, these general requirements shall applyto copper and copper-alloy
4、tube supplied under SpecificationsB 68, B 75, B 135, B 466/B 466M, and B 743.NOTE 1A complete metric companion to Specification B 251 hasbeen developedB 251M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presentedin this specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect
5、 on dateof material purchase form a part of this specification to theextent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:B 68 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube, Bright An-nealed2B 75 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube2B 135 Specification for Seamless Brass Tube2B 153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin
6、Test) of Copper andCopper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing2B 154 Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copperand Copper Alloys2B 170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic CopperRefinery Shapes2B 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterials3B 428 Test Method for Angle of Twist in R
7、ectangular andSquare Copper and Copper Alloy Tube2B 466/B 466M Specification for Seamless Copper-NickelPipe and Tube2B 643 Specification for Copper-Beryllium Alloy SeamlessTube2B 743 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube in Coils2E 3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens4E 8 Test Method
8、s for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials4E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSuperficial Hardness of Metallic Materials4E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications5E 53 Test Methods for Determination of Copper in Unal-loyed C
9、opper by Gravimetry6E 62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper andCopper Alloys (Photometric Methods)6E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size4E 255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys forthe Determination of Chemical CompositionE 478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis
10、 of CopperAlloys73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 average diameter (for round tubes only)the averageof the maximum and minimum outside diameters, or maximumand minimum inside diameters, whichever is applicable, asdetermined at any one cross section of the tube.3.1.2 coila length of the product wo
11、und into a series ofconnected turns. The unqualified term “coil” as applied to tubeusually refers to a bunched coil.3.1.2.1 buncheda coil in which the turns are bunched andheld together such that the cross section of the bunched turnsis approximately circular.3.1.2.2 double layer flata coil in which
12、 the product isspirally wound into two connected disk-like layers such thatone layer is on top of the other. (Sometimes called “doublelayer pancake coil” or “double layer spirally wound coil.”)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the d
13、irect responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipeand Tube.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Originallypublished as B 251 51 T. Last previous edition B 251 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.03.4Annual Book of ASTM Stan
14、dards, Vol 03.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
15、428-2959, United States.3.1.2.3 level or traverse wounda coil in which the turnsare wound into layers parallel to the axis of the coil such thatsuccessive turns in a given layer are next to one another.(Sometimes called “helical coil.”)3.1.2.4 level or traverse wound on a reel or spoola coil inwhich
16、 the turns are positioned into layers on a reel or spoolparallel to the axis of the reel or spool such that successiveturns in a given layer are next to one another.3.1.2.5 single layer flata coil in which the product isspirally wound into a single disk-like layer. (Sometimes called“pancake coil” or
17、 “single layer spirally wound coil.”)3.1.2.6 stagger wounda coil in which the turns are posi-tioned into layers approximately parallel to the axis of the coil,but not necessarily with the fixed regularity of a level ortraverse wound coil.3.1.3 lengthsstraight pieces of the product.3.1.3.1 endsstraig
18、ht pieces, shorter than the nominallength, left over after cutting the product into mill lengths,stock lengths, or specific lengths. They are subject to minimumlength and maximum weight requirements.3.1.3.2 millstraight lengths, including ends, that are con-veniently manufactured in the mills. Full-
19、length pieces areusually 10, 12, or 20 ft and subject to established lengthtolerances.3.1.3.3 multiplestraight lengths of integral multiples of abase length, with suitable allowance for cutting, if and whenspecified.3.1.3.4 randomrun of mill lengths without any indicatedpreferred length.3.1.3.5 spec
20、ificstraight lengths that are uniform in length,as specified, and subject to established length tolerances.3.1.3.6 specific with endsspecific lengths, including ends.3.1.3.7 standarduniform lengths recommended in a Sim-plified Practice Recommendation or established as a Commer-cial Standard.3.1.3.8
21、stockstraight lengths that are mill cut and stored inadvance of orders. They are usually 10, 12, or 20 ft and subjectto established length tolerances.3.1.3.9 stock with endsstock lengths, including ends.3.1.4 reel or spoola cylindrical device that has a rim ateach end and an axial hole for a shaft o
22、r spindle, and on whichthe product is wound to facilitate handling and shipping.3.1.5 tubea hollow product of round or any other crosssection, having a continuous periphery.3.1.5.1 tube, automotive and general servicea seamlesscopper tube of small diameter conforming to a standard seriesof sizes com
23、mercially known as Automotive and GeneralService Tube.3.1.5.2 tube, seamlessa tube produced with a continuousperiphery in all stages of the operations.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The material shall be of such quality and purity that thefinished product shall have the properties and characteristi
24、csprescribed in the applicable product specification listed inSection 1.4.2 The material shall be produced by either hot or coldworking operations, or both. It shall be finished, unlessotherwise specified, by such cold working and annealing orheat treatment as necessary to meet the properties specif
25、ied.5. Dimensions and Permissible Variations5.1 General:5.1.1 The standard method of specifying wall thicknessshall be in decimal fractions of an inch.5.1.2 For the purpose of determining conformance with thedimensional requirements prescribed in this specification, anymeasured value outside the spe
26、cified limiting values for anydimension shall be cause for rejection.5.1.3 Tolerances on a given tube shall be specified withrespect to any two, but not all three, of the following: outsidediameter, inside diameter, wall thickness.5.1.4 When round tube is ordered by outside and insidediameters, the
27、maximum plus and minus deviation of the wallthickness from the nominal at any point shall not exceed thevalues given in Table 1 by more than 50 %.NOTE 2Blank spaces in the tolerance tables indicate either that theTABLE 1 Wall Thickness Tolerances for Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube(Applicable to Specif
28、ications B 68, B 75, B 135, and B 743)NOTE 1Maximum Deviation at Any Point: The following tolerances are plus and minus; if tolerances all plus or all minus are desired, double thevalues given.Wall Thickness, in.Outside Diameter, in.A132 to18 , inclOver18 to58 ,inclOver58 to 1,inclOver1to2,inclOver2
29、to4,inclOver4to7,inclOver 7 to 10,inclUp to 0.017, incl 0.002 0.001 0.0015 0.002 . . .Over 0.0170.024, incl 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.0025 . . .Over 0.0240.034, incl 0.003 0.0025 0.0025 0.003 0.004 . .Over 0.0340.057, incl 0.003 0.003 0.0035 0.0035 0.005 0.007 .Over 0.0570.082, incl . 0.0035 0.004 0.004 0
30、.006 0.008 0.010Over 0.0820.119, incl . 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.009 0.011Over 0.1190.164, incl . 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012Over 0.1640.219, incl . 0.007 0.009 0.009 0.011 0.012 0.014Over 0.2190.283, incl . . 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.015 0.016Over 0.2830.379, incl . . 0.014 6B%6B%7B%7B%Over 0.3
31、79 . . . 6B B B B%AWhen round tube is ordered by outside and inside diameters, the maximum plus and minus deviation of the wall thickness from the nominal at any point shall not exceedthe values given in the table by more than 50 percent.BPercent of specified wall expressed to the nearest 0.001 in.B
32、25102e12material is not generally available or that no tolerances have beenestablished.5.2 Wall Thickness Tolerances for Copper and Copper-AlloyTubeWall thickness tolerances applicable to SpecificationsB 68, B 75, B 135, and B 743 for round tubes only shall be inaccordance with Table 1. Wall thickne
33、ss tolerances for rectan-gular including square tube applicable to B 75 and B 135 shallbe in accordance with Table 2.5.3 Diameter or Distance between Parallel Surfaces, Toler-ances for Copper and Copper-Alloy TubeDiameter toler-ances applicable to Specifications B 68, B 75, B 135, andB 743 for round
34、 tubes only shall be in accordance with Table3. Tolerances on distance between parallel surfaces for rectan-gular including square tube applicable to Specifications B 75and B 135 shall be in accordance with Table 4.5.4 Roundness (Applicable to Specifications B 75, B 135,and B 466/B 466M)For drawn un
35、annealed tube in straightlengths, the roundness tolerances shall be as follows:t/D(Ratio of Wall Thickness toOutside Diameter)Roundness Tolerance as Percent of OutsideDiameter (Expressed to the Nearest 0.001 in.)0.010.03, incl 1.5Over 0.030.05, incl 1.0Over 0.050.10, incl 0.8 or 0.002 in. whichever
36、is greaterOver 0.10 0.7 or 0.002 in. whichever is greater5.4.1 Compliance with the roundness tolerances shall bedetermined by taking measurements on the outside diameteronly, irrespective of the manner in which the tube dimensionsare specified. The deviation from roundness is measured as thedifferen
37、ce between major and minor diameters as determined atany one cross section of the tube. The major and minordiameters are the diameters of two concentric circles justenclosing the outside surface of the tube at the cross section.5.4.2 No tolerances have been established for as-extrudedtube, redraw tu
38、be, annealed tube, any tube furnished in coils ordrawn tube whose wall thickness is under 0.016 in.5.5 Length Tolerances:5.5.1 Straight LengthsLength tolerances, straight lengths,applicable to Specifications B 68, B 75, B 135, and B 466/B 466M shall be in accordance with Table 5.5.5.2 Schedule of Tu
39、be LengthsSpecific and stock lengthsof tube with ends, applicable to Specifications B 68, B 75,B 135, and B 466/B 466M, shall be in accordance with Table 6.Tube in straight lengths shall be furnished in stock lengths withends, unless the order requires specific lengths or specificlengths with ends.5
40、.6 Squareness of Cut (Applicable to Specifications B 68,B 75, B 135, and B 466/B 466M) For tube in straight lengths,the departure from squareness of the end of any tube shall notexceed the following:5.6.1 Round Tube:Specified Outside Diameter, in. ToleranceUp to58 , incl 0.010 in.Over58 0.016 in./in
41、. of diameter5.6.2 Rectangular and Square Tube:Specified Distance Between MajorOutside Parallel Surfaces, in. ToleranceUp to58 , incl 0.016 in.Over58 0.025 in./in. of distance between out-side parallel surfaces5.7 Straightness Tolerances:5.7.1 Round TubesFor round tubes of any drawn temper,14 to 312
42、 in. in outside diameter, inclusive, but not redraw tube,extruded tube, or any annealed tube, the straightness tolerancesapplicable to Specifications B 75, B 135, and B 466/B 466Mshall be in accordance with Table 7.TABLE 2 Wall Thickness Tolerances for Copper and Copper-Alloy Rectangular and Square
43、Tube(Applicable to Specifications B 75, B 135, and B 743)NOTE 1Maximum deviation at any point. The following tolerances are plus and minus; if tolerances all plus or all minus are desired, double the valuesgiven.Wall Thickness, in.Distance Between Outside Parallel Surface, in.A132 to18 , inclOver18
44、to58 ,inclOver58 to 1,inclOver1to2,inclOver2to4,inclOver4to7,inclOver 7 to 10,inclUp to 0.017, incl 0.002 0.002 0.0025 0.003 . . .Over 0.0170.024, incl 0.003 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 . . .Over 0.0240.034, incl 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.004 0.006 . .Over 0.0340.057, incl 0.004 0.004 0.0045 0.005 0.007 0.009
45、.Over 0.0570.082, incl . 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.010 0.012Over 0.0820.119, incl . 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.012 0.014Over 0.1190.164, incl . 0.009 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.016Over 0.1640.219, incl . 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.019Over 0.2190.283, incl . . 0.015 0.016 0.018 0.020 0.022AIn the
46、case of rectangular tube the major dimension determines the thickness tolerance applicable to all walls.TABLE 3 Average Diameter Tolerances for Copper and Copper-Alloy TubeA(Applicable to Specifications B 68, B 75, B 135, and B 743)Specified Diameter, in. Tolerance, Plus and Minus, in.Up to18 , incl
47、 0.002Over18 58 , incl 0.002Over58 1, incl 0.0025Over 12, incl 0.003Over 23, incl 0.004Over 34, incl 0.005Over 45, incl 0.006Over 56, incl 0.007Over 68, incl 0.008Over 810, incl 0.010AApplicable to inside or outside diameter.B25102e135.7.2 Rectangular and Square TubesFor rectangular andsquare tubes
48、of any drawn temper, the straightness toleranceapplicable to Specifications B 75 and B 135 shall be12 in.maximum curvature (depth of arc) in any 6-ft portion of thetotal length. (Not applicable to extruded tube, redraw tube, orany annealed tube.)5.8 Corner Radius, Rectangular and Square TubesTheperm
49、issible radii for commercially square corners applicable toSpecifications B 75 and B 135 shall be in accordance withTable 8.5.9 Twist Tolerances, Rectangular and Square TubesThemaximum twist about the longitudinal axis of drawn temperrectangular and square tubes applicable to Specifications B 75and B 135 shall not exceed 1/ft of length, measured to thenearest degree, and the total angle of twist shall not exceed 20when measured in accordance with Test Method B 428. Therequirement is not applic
