1、Designation: B251 10Standard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper andCopper-Alloy Tube1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B251; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group
3、 of general require-ments common to several wrought product specifications.Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, or in anindividual specification, these general requirements shall applyto copper and copper-alloy tube supplied under SpecificationsB68, B75, B135, B466/B466M, and B743.NOTE
4、1This specification B251 is the inch-pound companion toB251M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on dateof material purchase form a part of this specification to theextent referenced herein:2.2 AST
5、M Standards:2B68 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube, Bright An-nealedB75 Specification for Seamless Copper TubeB135 Specification for Seamless Brass TubeB153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper andCopper-Alloy Pipe and TubingB154 Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for CopperAlloys
6、B170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic CopperRefinery ShapesB193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsB428 Test Method for Angle of Twist in Rectangular andSquare Copper and Copper Alloy TubeB466/B466M Specification for Seamless Copper-NickelPipe and TubeB643 Specific
7、ation for Copper-Beryllium Alloy SeamlessTubeB743 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube in CoilsE3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significan
8、t Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE53 Test Method for Determination of Copper in UnalloyedCopper by GravimetryE62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper andCopper Alloys (Photometric Methods)3E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE255 Practice for S
9、ampling Copper and Copper Alloys forthe Determination of Chemical CompositionE478 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of CopperAlloys3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 average diameter (for round tubes only)the averageof the maximum and minimum outside diameters, or maximumand minimum inside diameter
10、s, whichever is applicable, asdetermined at any one cross section of the tube.3.1.2 coila length of the product wound into a series ofconnected turns. The unqualified term “coil” as applied to tubeusually refers to a bunched coil.3.1.2.1 buncheda coil in which the turns are bunched andheld together
11、such that the cross section of the bunched turnsis approximately circular.3.1.2.2 double layer flata coil in which the product isspirally wound into two connected disk-like layers such thatone layer is on top of the other. (Sometimes called “doublelayer pancake coil” or “double layer spirally wound
12、coil.”)3.1.2.3 level or traverse wounda coil in which the turnsare wound into layers parallel to the axis of the coil such thatsuccessive turns in a given layer are next to one another.(Sometimes called “helical coil.”)1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on Copperand C
13、opper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipeand Tube.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as B251 02. DOI:10.1520/B0251-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM webs
14、ite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Ch
15、anges section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.2.4 level or traverse wound on a reel or spoola coil inwhich the turns are positioned into layers on a reel or spoolparallel to the
16、axis of the reel or spool such that successiveturns in a given layer are next to one another.3.1.2.5 single layer flata coil in which the product isspirally wound into a single disk-like layer. (Sometimes called“pancake coil” or “single layer spirally wound coil.”)3.1.2.6 stagger wounda coil in whic
17、h the turns are posi-tioned into layers approximately parallel to the axis of the coil,but not necessarily with the fixed regularity of a level ortraverse wound coil.3.1.3 lengthsstraight pieces of the product.3.1.3.1 endsstraight pieces, shorter than the nominallength, left over after cutting the p
18、roduct into mill lengths,stock lengths, or specific lengths. They are subject to minimumlength and maximum weight requirements.3.1.3.2 millstraight lengths, including ends, that are con-veniently manufactured in the mills. Full-length pieces areusually 10, 12, or 20 ft and subject to established len
19、gthtolerances.3.1.3.3 multiplestraight lengths of integral multiples of abase length, with suitable allowance for cutting, if and whenspecified.3.1.3.4 randomrun of mill lengths without any indicatedpreferred length.3.1.3.5 specificstraight lengths that are uniform in length,as specified, and subjec
20、t to established length tolerances.3.1.3.6 specific with endsspecific lengths, including ends.3.1.3.7 standarduniform lengths recommended in a Sim-plified Practice Recommendation or established as a Commer-cial Standard.3.1.3.8 stockstraight lengths that are mill cut and stored inadvance of orders.
21、They are usually 10, 12, or 20 ft and subjectto established length tolerances.3.1.3.9 stock with endsstock lengths, including ends.3.1.4 reel or spoola cylindrical device that has a rim ateach end and an axial hole for a shaft or spindle, and on whichthe product is wound to facilitate handling and s
22、hipping.3.1.5 tubea hollow product of round or any other crosssection, having a continuous periphery.3.1.5.1 tube, automotive and general servicea seamlesscopper tube of small diameter conforming to a standard seriesof sizes commercially known as Automotive and GeneralService Tube.3.1.5.2 tube, seam
23、lessa tube produced with a continuousperiphery in all stages of the operations.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The material shall be of such quality and purity that thefinished product shall have the properties and characteristicsprescribed in the applicable product specification listed inSection 1.
24、4.2 The material shall be produced by either hot or coldworking operations, or both. It shall be finished, unlessotherwise specified, by such cold working and annealing orheat treatment as necessary to meet the properties specified.5. Dimensions and Permissible Variations5.1 General:5.1.1 The standa
25、rd method of specifying wall thicknessshall be in decimal fractions of an inch.5.1.2 For the purpose of determining conformance with thedimensional requirements prescribed in this specification, anymeasured value outside the specified limiting values for anydimension shall be cause for rejection.5.1
26、.3 Tolerances on a given tube shall be specified withrespect to any two, but not all three, of the following: outsidediameter, inside diameter, wall thickness.5.1.4 When round tube is ordered by outside and insidediameters, the maximum plus and minus deviation of the wallthickness from the nominal a
27、t any point shall not exceed thevalues given in Table 1 by more than 50 %.NOTE 2Blank spaces in the tolerance tables indicate either that thematerial is not generally available or that no tolerances have beenestablished.TABLE 1 Wall Thickness Tolerances for Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube(Applicable to
28、 Specifications B68, B75, B135, and B743)NOTE 1Maximum Deviation at Any Point: The following tolerances are plus and minus; if tolerances all plus or all minus are desired, double thevalues given.Wall Thickness, in.Outside Diameter, in.A132 to18 , inclOver18 to58 ,inclOver58 to 1,inclOver 1 to 2,inc
29、lOver 2 to 4,inclOver 4 to 7,inclOver 7 to 10,inclUp to 0.017, incl 0.002 0.001 0.0015 0.002 . . .Over 0.0170.024, incl 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.0025 . . .Over 0.0240.034, incl 0.003 0.0025 0.0025 0.003 0.004 . .Over 0.0340.057, incl 0.003 0.003 0.0035 0.0035 0.005 0.007 .Over 0.0570.082, incl . 0.0035 0
30、.004 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010Over 0.0820.119, incl . 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.009 0.011Over 0.1190.164, incl . 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012Over 0.1640.219, incl . 0.007 0.009 0.009 0.011 0.012 0.014Over 0.2190.283, incl . . 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.015 0.016Over 0.2830.379, incl . . 0.014 6B%6B%7B
31、%7B%Over 0.379 . . . 6B B B B%AWhen round tube is ordered by outside and inside diameters, the maximum plus and minus deviation of the wall thickness from the nominal at any point shall notexceed the values given in the table by more than 50 percent.BPercent of specified wall expressed to the neares
32、t 0.001 in.B251 1025.2 Wall Thickness Tolerances for Copper and Copper-AlloyTubeWall thickness tolerances applicable to SpecificationsB68, B75, B135, and B743 for round tubes only shall be inaccordance with Table 1. Wall thickness tolerances for rectan-gular including square tube applicable to B75 a
33、nd B135 shallbe in accordance with Table 2.5.3 Diameter or Distance between Parallel Surfaces, Toler-ances for Copper and Copper-Alloy TubeDiameter toler-ances applicable to Specifications B68, B75, B135, and B743for round tubes only shall be in accordance with Table 3.Tolerances on distance between
34、 parallel surfaces for rectangu-lar including square tube applicable to Specifications B75 andB135 shall be in accordance with Table 4.5.4 Roundness (Applicable to Specifications B75, B135, andB466/B466M)For drawn unannealed tube in straightlengths, the roundness tolerances shall be as follows:t/D(R
35、atio of Wall Thickness toOutside Diameter)Roundness Tolerance as Percent of OutsideDiameter (Expressed to the Nearest 0.001 in.)0.010.03, incl 1.5Over 0.030.05, incl 1.0Over 0.050.10, incl 0.8 or 0.002 in. whichever is greaterOver 0.10 0.7 or 0.002 in. whichever is greater5.4.1 Compliance with the r
36、oundness tolerances shall bedetermined by taking measurements on the outside diameteronly, irrespective of the manner in which the tube dimensionsare specified. The deviation from roundness is measured as thedifference between major and minor diameters as determined atany one cross section of the tu
37、be. The major and minordiameters are the diameters of two concentric circles justenclosing the outside surface of the tube at the cross section.5.4.2 No tolerances have been established for as-extrudedtube, redraw tube, annealed tube, any tube furnished in coils ordrawn tube whose wall thickness is
38、under 0.016 in.5.5 Length Tolerances:5.5.1 Straight LengthsLength tolerances, straight lengths,applicable to Specifications B68, B75, B135, and B466/B466M shall be in accordance with Table 5.5.5.2 Schedule of Tube LengthsSpecific and stock lengthsof tube with ends, applicable to Specifications B68,
39、B75, B135,and B466/B466M, shall be in accordance with Table 6. Tube instraight lengths shall be furnished in stock lengths with ends,unless the order requires specific lengths or specific lengthswith ends.5.6 Squareness of Cut (Applicable to Specifications B68,B75, B135, and B466/B466M) For tube in
40、straight lengths,the departure from squareness of the end of any tube shall notexceed the following:5.6.1 Round Tube:Specified Outside Diameter, in. ToleranceUp to58 , incl 0.010 in.Over58 0.016 in./in. of diameter5.6.2 Rectangular and Square Tube:Specified Distance Between MajorOutside Parallel Sur
41、faces, in. ToleranceUp to58 , incl 0.016 in.Over58 0.025 in./in. of distance between out-side parallel surfaces5.7 Straightness Tolerances:5.7.1 Round TubesFor round tubes of any drawn temper,14 to 312 in. in outside diameter, inclusive, but not redraw tube,extruded tube, or any annealed tube, the s
42、traightness tolerancesapplicable to Specifications B75, B135, and B466/B466Mshall be in accordance with Table 7.5.7.2 Rectangular and Square TubesFor rectangular andsquare tubes of any drawn temper, the straightness toleranceTABLE 2 Wall Thickness Tolerances for Copper and Copper-Alloy Rectangular a
43、nd Square Tube(Applicable to Specifications B75, B135, and B743)NOTE 1Maximum deviation at any point. The following tolerances are plus and minus; if tolerances all plus or all minus are desired, double the valuesgiven.Wall Thickness, in.Distance Between Outside Parallel Surface, in.A132 to18 , incl
44、Over18 to58 ,inclOver58 to 1,inclOver 1 to 2,inclOver 2 to 4,inclOver 4 to 7,inclOver 7 to 10,inclUp to 0.017, incl 0.002 0.002 0.0025 0.003 . . .Over 0.0170.024, incl 0.003 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 . . .Over 0.0240.034, incl 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.004 0.006 . .Over 0.0340.057, incl 0.004 0.004 0.0045 0.
45、005 0.007 0.009 .Over 0.0570.082, incl . 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.010 0.012Over 0.0820.119, incl . 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.012 0.014Over 0.1190.164, incl . 0.009 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.016Over 0.1640.219, incl . 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.019Over 0.2190.283, incl . . 0.015 0.016 0.018 0.0
46、20 0.022AIn the case of rectangular tube the major dimension determines the thickness tolerance applicable to all walls.TABLE 3 Average Diameter Tolerances for Copper and Copper-Alloy TubeA(Applicable to Specifications B68, B75, B135, and B743)Specified Diameter, in. Tolerance, Plus and Minus, in.Up
47、 to18 , incl 0.002Over18 58 , incl 0.002Over58 1, incl 0.0025Over 12, incl 0.003Over 23, incl 0.004Over 34, incl 0.005Over 45, incl 0.006Over 56, incl 0.007Over 68, incl 0.008Over 810, incl 0.010AApplicable to inside or outside diameter.B251 103applicable to Specifications B75 and B135 shall be12 in
48、.maximum curvature (depth of arc) in any 6-ft portion of thetotal length. (Not applicable to extruded tube, redraw tube, orany annealed tube.)5.8 Corner Radius, Rectangular and Square TubesThepermissible radii for commercially square corners applicable toSpecifications B75 and B135 shall be in accor
49、dance with Table8.5.9 Twist Tolerances, Rectangular and Square TubesThemaximum twist about the longitudinal axis of drawn temperrectangular and square tubes applicable to Specifications B75and B135 shall not exceed 1/ft of length, measured to thenearest degree, and the total angle of twist shall not exceed 20when measured in accordance with Test Method B428. Therequirement is not applicable to tubes in the annealed temper orto tubes whose specified major dimension is less than12 in.6. Workma
