1、Designation: B29 14Standard Specification forRefined Lead1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B29; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the yea
2、r of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers refined lead in pig, block, orhog form.1.2 The values stated i
3、n inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
4、 is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to become familiarwith all hazards including those identified in the appropriateMaterial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/materialas provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriatesafety and health practices, and determine the applic
5、ability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on thedate of material purchase form a part of this specification to theextent referenced herein.2.2 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDeterm
6、ine Conformance with SpecificationsE37 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Pig LeadE88 Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys inCast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for refined lead under this specification shallinclude the following info
7、rmation:3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.2 Quantity (weight),3.1.3 Name of material (for example, pure lead),3.1.4 Size and shape (see Section 6),3.1.5 Grade (see Table 1 and accompanying notes), and3.1.6 Certification or test report if specified (Section 13).4. Materials and Manufacture
8、4.1 Lead shall be supplied in commercial standard forms orshapes requested by the purchaser in the following grades:4.1.1 Low bismuth low silver pure lead,4.1.2 Refined pure lead,4.1.3 Pure lead, and4.1.4 Chemical copper lead.4.2 The grades of lead listed in 4.1.1 4.1.4 shall beproduced by any smelt
9、ing and refining process from ore orrecycled materials to meet the chemical requirements of thisspecification.5. Composition5.1 The lead shall conform to the requirements prescribed inTable 1 and accompanying notes.6. Sizes and Shapes6.1 Pigs shall weigh up to a nominal 110 lb (50 kg).6.2 Blocks or
10、hogs shall be square or oblong and weigh upto 2530 lb (1150 kg).7. Appearance7.1 The lead shall be reasonably free from surface corrosionand adhering foreign material.8. Lot8.1 All lead of the same type produced and cast at one timeshall constitute a lot for chemical analysis. Each pig or block ofth
11、e lot shall bear a single identifying number that can be relatedto the manufacturing lot.9. Sampling for Chemical Analysis9.1 The sample for chemical analysis shall be selected byone of the following methods:9.1.1 Test samples taken from the lot during casting, or9.1.2 Test samples taken from the fi
12、nal solidified castproduct.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 onNonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB02.02 on Refined Lead, Tin, Antimony, and Their Alloys.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Origin
13、allyapproved in 1919. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B29 03 (2009). DOI:10.1520/B0029-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Do
14、cument Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States19.2 Sampling for Lot AnalysisThe supplier may obtainsamples from the lot of molten metal during casting.All or partof these samples may be cast int
15、o shapes suitable for use inspectrographic analytical methods. This is the preferredmethod for determining lot chemistry. The samples should betaken in such a way that they are representative of the materialcast.9.3 Sampling of Cast Product:9.3.1 If the lead is in the form of standard pigs (Fig. 1),
16、 thesample for chemical analysis shall be taken in accordance with9.3.3.1, 9.3.3.2,or9.3.3.3. The method of sampling in 9.3 doesnot apply to alloys that exhibit segregation of alloy agentsduring casting. This means the calcium aluminum alloy are notto be sampled according to this procedure. The pref
17、erredmethod of determining lot chemistry for calcium aluminumlots is suppler sampling of quick frozen wafers during casting.9.3.1.1 If the pigs differ in shape from those shown in Fig.1 or the product is cast into blocks or hogs, the supplier and thepurchaser shall agree mutually as to the method to
18、 be followedin sampling such shapes.9.3.2 Sampling Pig LeadA portion representative of thetotal shipment shall be selected at random for the final sample.For lots containing at least 100 000 lb (45 400 kg) of pig lead,one pig shall be taken from every 20 000 lb (9080 kg). Forsmaller lots, a total of
19、 five pigs shall be taken.9.3.3 Sample PreparationEach pig shall be cleaned thor-oughly to rid the surface of dirt or adhering foreign materialprior to sampling by one of the following methods: sawing,drilling, or melting.9.3.3.1 SawingThe pigs selected shall be sawed com-pletely through as illustra
20、ted in Fig. 1. The sawings from thepigs shall be mixed thoroughly and quartered, and the samplesfor analysis taken from the mixed material. The sawings mustbe free of extraneous material introduced from the saw blade.All sawings shall be treated with a strong magnet in order toremove iron introduced
21、 by sawing.9.3.3.2 DrillingThe pigs shall be drilled at least halfwaythrough from two opposite sides as illustrated in Fig. 2. A drillof about12 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter shall be used. In drilling,the holes shall be spaced along a diagonal line from one cornerof the pig to the other. Holes may be m
22、ade in a single pig or ineach of several pigs placed as illustrated in Fig. 2. The drillingsshall be clipped into pieces not over12 in. (12.7 mm) in length,mixed thoroughly, and treated with a strong magnet to removeiron introduced by drilling.9.3.3.3 MeltingWhole pigs, portions of pigs produced bys
23、awing, drillings, or sawings shall be melted in a clean vessel.The melting temperature must not exceed 685F (363C) toprevent excessive drossing. The lead must be stirred immedi-ately prior to sampling. The molten lead shall be cast intoTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsA,BGradeComposition (Weight Percent
24、)Low BismuthLow SilverPure Lead,maxCRefined PureLead, maxDPure Lead,maxChemical-Copper LeadESb 0.0005 0.0005 0.001 0.001 maxAs 0.0005 0.0005 0.001 0.001 maxSn 0.0005 0.0005 0.001 0.001 maxSb As and Sn . . 0.002 0.002 maxCu 0.0010 0.0010 0.0015 0.0400.080Ag 0.0010 0.0075 0.010 0.020 maxBi 0.0015 0.02
25、5 0.05 0.025 maxZn 0.0005 0.001 0.001 0.001 maxTe 0.0001 0.0002 . .Ni 0.0002 0.0002 0.0005 0.002 maxFe 0.0002 0.001 0.001 0.002 maxSe . 0.0005 .001 .001 maxS . 0.001 .002 .001 maxAl . 0.0005 .0005 .0005 maxCd . 0.0005 .0005 .0003 maxLead (min) bydifference99.995 99.97 99.94 99.90UNS Number L50006 L5
26、0021 L50049 L51121AThe following applies to all specified limits in Table 1: For the purpose ofdetermining conformance with this specification, an observed value obtained fromthe analysis shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right hand placeof figures used in expressing the limitin
27、g value, in accordance with the roundingmethod of Practice E29.BBy agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, analyses may berequired and limits established for elements or compounds not specified in Table1.CThis grade is intended for chemical applications where low silver and lowbismuth cont
28、ents are required. This is a common primary standard.DThis grade is intended for lead acid battery applications.EThis grade is intended for applications requiring corrosion protection andformability.FIG. 1 Method of Sampling Lead by SawingB29142shapes suitable for use in spectrographic analysis, cas
29、t into thinsample bars not to exceed38 in. (9.5 mm) thick for sawing, orgranulated by pouring into distilled water and drying thematerial thoroughly. For sample bars, saw cuts shall be madehalfway across the bar from each side and staggered so thatthey are about12 in. (12.7 mm) apart. The sawings so
30、 producedare treated in accordance with 9.3.3.1.9.3.4 Sample Size:9.3.4.1 For spectrographic analysis, three samples shall beprepared of a size and shape satisfactory for use by thelaboratory at which the analysis is to be made.9.3.4.2 For wet chemical analysis, each prepared sample(sawings, drillin
31、gs, or granules) shall weigh at least 600 g.39.3.5 Aspects of sampling and sample preparation notspecifically covered in this specification shall be carried out inaccordance with Practice E88.10. Methods of Chemical Analyses10.1 The chemical compositions enumerated in Table 1 ofthis specification sh
32、all, in case of disagreement, be determinedby wet chemical or spectrographic methods mutually agreedupon by the supplier and the purchaser.10.2 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier,analyses may be required and limits established for elements orcompounds not specified in Table 1.11. In
33、spection11.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon be-tween the purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchasecontract.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reportedto the supplier pr
34、omptly and in writing. In case of dissatisfac-tion with the results of the test, the supplier may make claimfor a rehearing.12.2 Rejection shall be considered as follows:12.2.1 Variation of weight, quantity, dimensions, or work-manship.12.2.2 Chemical composition.12.2.2.1 In case of dispute, the mat
35、erial shall be sampled inthe presence of both parties in accordance with 9.3.12.2.2.2 The resulting sample (at least 1800 g) shall bemixed and separated into three equal parts, each of which shallbe placed in a sealed package, one for the supplier, one for thepurchaser, and one for the umpire if nec
36、essary, and analyzed inaccordance with Test Methods E37.12.3 When the lead metal satisfies the chemical and physi-cal requirements of this specification, it shall not be con-demned for defects in manufacturing or for defects of alloys orproducts in which it is used.13. Certification13.1 When specifi
37、ed in the purchase order or contract, thepurchaser shall be furnished certification that samples repre-senting each lot have been tested as directed in this specifica-tion and the requirements have been met. When specified in thepurchase order or contract, a certified report of the test resultsshall
38、 be furnished.14. Marking and Special Requirements14.1 A brand, by which the supplier can be identified, shallbe cast or marked legibly upon each pig, block, or hog. Inaddition, other markings shall identify the material by type andlot number.14.2 (Any) special marking, color code, and other quality
39、requirements not covered by this specification shall be agreedupon between the supplier and the purchaser.15. Keywords15.1 chemical-copper lead; lead; lead metal; pure lead;refined pure lead3Fox, G. J., “Determination of As, Sb, and Te in Lead and Lead Alloys UsingHydride Generation Atomic Absorptio
40、n Spectrometry,” Atomic Spectroscopy,Vol11, No.1, January 1990, p. 13.NOTE 1Pigs selected for sampling shall be placed side by side, everyother pig bottom side up, and sampled according to template in sets of fivepigs each as indicated above. The pigs shall be drilled at least halfwaythrough: when a
41、 larger sample is desired, the pigs shall be turned over andsampled on the other diagonal.FIG. 2 Method of Sampling Lead by DrillingB29143ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this st
42、andard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years a
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45、59,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/
