1、Designation: B 316/B 316M 02Standard Specification forAluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivet and Cold-HeadingWire and Rods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 316/B 316M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope *1.1 This specification co
3、vers wire and rod in the alloys(Note 1) shown in Table 1 and the tempers shown in Table 2Table 3 and Table 4 Table 5, suitable for manufacturingrivets and other similar items by cold-heading operations.NOTE 1Throughout this specification the use of the term alloy in thegeneral sense includes aluminu
4、m as well as aluminum alloy.NOTE 2For rolled or cold-finished wire and rod, see SpecificationB 211, and for extruded wire and rod, see Specification B 221.1.2 Alloy and temper designations are in accordance withANSI H35.1 H35.1M. The equivalent Unified NumberingSystem alloy designations are those of
5、 Table 1 preceded by A9,for example, A91100 for aluminum 1100 in accordance withPractice E 527.1.3 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminumand aluminum alloys in this specification, see Annex A2.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are tobe regarded separately as stand
6、ard. The SI units are showneither in brackets or in separate tables. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems will result in nonconformance with thespecification.2. Referenced Docume
7、nts2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on dateof material purchase form a part of this specification to theextent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:B 211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyBar, Rod, and Wire2B 221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyExtruded Bars
8、, Rods, Wire, Profiles and Tubes2B 557 Test Methods of Tension Testing Wrought and CastAluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products2B 557M Test Methods of Tension Testing Wrought and CastAluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products Metric2B 565 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Rivets
9、and Cold-Heading Wire andRods2B 660 Practices for Packaging/Packing of Aluminum andMagnesium Products2B 666/B 666M Practice for Identification Marking of Alu-minum and Magnesium Products2B 918 Practice for Heat Treatment of Wrought AluminumAlloys2E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Da
10、ta toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3E 34 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Aluminum andAluminum Base Alloys4E 55 Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals andAlloys for Determination of Chemical Composition4E 227 Test Method for Optical Emission SpectrometricAnalysis of Aluminum
11、 and Aluminum Alloys by thePoint-to-Plane Technique4E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)5E 607 Test Method for Optical Emission SpectrometricAnalysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by thePoint-to-Plane Technique, Nitrogen Atmosphere4E 716 Practices for Sampling Aluminum and Aluminum
12、Alloys for Spectrochemical Analysis4E 1004 Practice for Determining Electrical ConductivityUsing Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method6E 1251 Test Method for Optical Emission SpectrometricAnalysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by the ArgonAtmosphere, Point-to-Plane, Unipolar Self-Initiating Ca-pac
13、itor Discharge42.3 ANSI Standards:H35.1 Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Alumi-num2H35.1M Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Alu-minum Metric1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B0
14、7.03 onAluminum Alloy Wrought Products.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originallyapproved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as B 316/B 316M00.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standar
15、ds, Vol 03.05.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.H35.2 Dimensional Tol
16、erances for Aluminum Mill Prod-ucts2H35.2M Dimensional Tolerances for Aluminum Mill Prod-ucts Metric2.4 Military Standard:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage72.5 AMS Specification:AMS 2772 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Raw Mate-rials82.6 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shi
17、pment (Civil Agencies)73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 roda solid product 0.375 in. or greater over 10 mmin diameter, that is long in relation to cross section.3.1.2 cold-heading rodrod of a quality suitable for use inthe manufacture of cold-headed products such as rivets andbolts.3.1.3 rivet ro
18、dsee cold-heading rod.3.1.4 wirea solid wrought product that is long in relationto its cross section, which is square or rectangular with sharp orrounded corners or edges, or is round, a regular hexagon, or aregular octagon, and whose diameter or greatest perpendiculardistances between parallel face
19、s (except for flattened wire) isless than 0.375 in. up through 10 mm3.1.5 cold-heading wirewire of a quality suitable for usein the manufacture of cold-headed products such as rivets andbolts.3.1.6 rivet wiresee cold-heading wire.3.1.7 producerthe primary manufacturer of the material.3.1.8 supplieri
20、ncludes only the category of jobbers anddistributors as distinct from producers.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 capable ofThe term capable of as used in thisspecification means that the test need not be performed by theproducer of the material. However, should subsequent tes
21、tingby the purchaser establish that the material does not meet theserequirements, the material shall be subject to rejection.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information:NOTE 3For inch-pound orders specify Specification B 316; for metric
22、orders specify Specification B 316M. Do not mix units.4.1.1 This specification designation (which includes thenumber, the year, and the revision letter, if applicable),4.1.2 Quantity in pieces or pounds kilograms,4.1.3 Alloy (see 7.1),4.1.4 Temper (see 8.1),4.1.5 Diameter,4.1.6 Form-coiled or straig
23、ht lengths,4.2 Additionally, orders for material to this specificationshall include the following information when required by thepurchaser:4.2.1 Whether inspection or witness of inspection and testsby the purchasers representative is required prior to materialshipment (Section 13),4.2.2 Whether cer
24、tification is required (Section 15),4.2.3 Whether marking for identification is required (Sec-tion 16), and4.2.4 Whether Practices B 660 applies and, if so, the levelsof preservation, packaging, and packing required (17.3).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The products covered by this specification sh
25、all beproduced by extruding, rolling, or drawing, or a combinationthereof, at the option of the producer.6. Responsibility for Quality Assurance6.1 Responsibility for Inspection and TestsUnless other-wise specified in the contract or purchase order, the producer isresponsible for the performance of
26、all inspection and testrequirements specified herein. The producer may use his ownor any other suitable facilities for the performance of theinspection and test requirements specified herein, unless dis-approved by the purchaser in the order or at the time of contractsigning. The purchaser shall hav
27、e the right to perform any ofthe inspections and tests set forth in this specification wheresuch inspections are deemed necessary to assure that materialconforms to prescribed requirements.6.2 Lot Definition An inspection lot shall be defined asfollows:6.2.1 For heat-treated tempers, an inspection l
28、ot shall con-sist of an identifiable quantity of material of the same millform, alloy, temper, and nominal diameter traceable to aheat-treat lot or lots, and subjected to inspection at one time.6.2.2 For nonheat-treated tempers, an inspection lot shallconsist of an identifiable quantity of material
29、of the same millform, alloy, temper, and nominal diameter subjected to inspec-tion at one time.7. Chemical Composition7.1 LimitsThe material shall conform to the chemicalcomposition limits specified in Table 1. The producer shalldetermine conformance by analyzing samples taken when theingots are pou
30、red, or by analyzing samples taken from thefinished or semifinished product. If the producer has deter-mined the chemical composition of the material during thecourse of manufacture, he shall not be required to sample andanalyze the finished product.NOTE 4It is standard practice in the United States
31、 aluminum industryto determine conformance to the chemical composition limits prior tofurther processing of ingots into wrought products. Due to the continuousnature of the process, it is not practical to keep a specific ingot analysisidentified with a specific quantity of finished material.7.2 Numb
32、er of SamplesThe number of samples taken fordetermination of chemical composition shall be as follows:7Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.8Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwe
33、althDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.B 316/B 316M 0227.2.1 When samples are taken at the time the ingots arepoured, at least one sample shall be taken for each group ofingots poured simultaneously from the same source of moltenmetal.7.2.2 When samples are taken from the finished or semifin-ished produ
34、ct, a sample shall be taken to represent each 4000lb 2000 kg, or fraction thereof, in the lot. Only one sampleshall be taken from any one piece.7.3 Methods of SamplingSamples for determination ofchemical composition shall be taken in accordance with one ofthe following methods:7.3.1 Samples for chem
35、ical analysis shall be taken from thematerial by drilling, sawing, milling, turning, or clipping arepresentative piece or pieces to obtain a prepared sample ofnot less than 75 g. Sampling shall be in accordance withPractice E 55.7.3.2 Sampling for spectrochemical analysis shall be inaccordance with
36、Practices E 716. Samples for other methods ofanalysis shall be suitable for the form of material beinganalyzed and the type of analytical method used.7.4 Methods of AnalysisThe determination of chemicalcomposition shall be made in accordance with suitable chemi-cal (Test Methods E 34) or spectrochem
37、ical (Test MethodsE 227, E 607, and E 1251) methods. Other methods may beused only when no published ASTM method is available. Incase of dispute, the methods of analysis shall be agreed uponbetween the producer and the purchaser.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 Tensile Properties of Material as SuppliedT
38、he mate-rial shall conform to the tensile strength requirements specifiedin Table 2 Table 3.8.2 Mechanical Properties of Material after HeatTreatmentIn addition to the requirements of 8.1, heat-treatable material ordered in the annealed or strain-hardenedtempers and subsequently solution heat treate
39、d (T4) or solutionand precipitation heat treated (T6, T61, T62, T7, or T73), shallconform to the requirements of Table 4 Table 5 for eithertensile strength or shear strength, at the producers option.However, the material shall be capable of meeting both thetensile and shear strength requirements.8.3
40、 Number of Specimens:8.3.1 One tension test specimen shall be taken for each 1000lb or fraction thereof in the lot to determine compliance with8.1. Only one specimen shall be taken from any one piece.8.3.2 The number of tests to determine compliance with 8.2shall be the same as in 8.3.1.8.4 Test Met
41、hods:8.4.1 The tension tests shall be made in accordance withTest Methods B 557 B 557M.8.4.2 The shear tests shall be made in accordance with TestMethod B 565.9. Heat Treatment9.1 Unless specified in 9.2, producer or supplier heat treat-ment for the applicable tempers in Table 4 shall be inaccordanc
42、e with AMS 2772.9.2 When specified, heat treatment for the applicable tem-pers in Table 4 shall be in accordance with Practice B 918.9.3 Alloy 7277 rivets are hot driven only at metal tempera-tures between 850 and 975F 455 and 525C. Producerconfirmation of heat-treat response to the T62 temper requi
43、ressolution heat treatment at a metal temperature of 860 to 920F460 to 495C for approximately 30 min, and then a two stepTABLE 1 Chemical Composition LimitsA,B,CAlloy Silicon Iron Copper Manganese Magnesium Chromium Zinc TitaniumOther ElementsDAluminumEach TotalE1100 0.95 Si + Fe 0.050.20 0.05 . . 0
44、.10 . 0.05 0.15 99.00 minF2017 0.200.8 0.7 3.54.5 0.401.0 0.400.8 0.10 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder2024 0.50 0.50 3.84.9 0.300.9 1.21.8 0.10 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder2117 0.8 0.7 2.23.0 0.20 0.200.50 0.10 0.25 . 0.05 0.15 remainder2219 0.20 0.30 5.86.8 0.200.40 0.02 . 0.10 0.020.10 0.05G0.15Gre
45、mainder3003 0.6 0.7 0.050.20 1.01.5 . . 0.10 . 0.05 0.15 remainder5005 0.30 0.7 0.20 0.20 0.501.1 0.10 0.25 . 0.05 0.15 remainder5052 0.25 0.40 0.10 0.10 2.22.8 0.150.35 0.10 . 0.05 0.15 remainder5056 0.30 0.40 0.10 0.050.20 4.55.6 0.050.20 0.10 . 0.05 0.15 remainder6053H0.35 0.10 . 1.11.4 0.150.35
46、0.10 . 0.05 0.15 remainder6061 0.400.8 0.7 0.150.40 0.15 0.81.2 0.040.35 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder7050 0.12 0.15 2.02.6 0.10 1.92.6 0.04 5.76.7 0.06 0.05I0.15Iremainder7075 0.40 0.50 1.22.0 0.30 2.12.9 0.180.28 5.16.1 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainder7178 0.40 0.50 1.62.4 0.30 2.43.1 0.180.28 6.37.3 0.20
47、 0.05 0.15 remainderALimits are in weight mass percent, maximum, unless shown as a range or stated otherwise.BAnalysis shall be made for the elements for which limits are shown in this table.CTo determine conformance to these limits, an observed value or a calculated value obtained from analysis sha
48、ll be rounded off to the nearest unit in the last right-handplace of figures used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding off method of Practice E 29.DOthers includes listed elements for which no specific limit is shown as well as unlisted metallic elements. The producer m
49、ay analyze samples for trace elements notspecified in this specification. However, such analysis is not required and may not cover all metallic Others elements. Should any analysis by the producer or the purchaserestablish that an Others element exceeds the limit of Each or that the aggregate of several Others elements exceeds the limit of Total, the material shall be considerednonconforming.EOther ElementsTotal shall be the sum of unspecified metallic elements 0.010 % or more, rounded to t
