1、Designation: B316/B316M 15Standard Specification forAluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivet and Cold-HeadingWire and Rods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B316/B316M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification cov
3、ers wire and rod in the alloys(Note 1) shown in Table 1 and the tempers shown in Table 2Table 3 and Table 4 Table 5, suitable for manufacturingrivets and other similar items by cold-heading operations.NOTE 1Throughout this specification the use of the term alloy in thegeneral sense includes aluminum
4、 as well as aluminum alloy.NOTE 2For rolled or cold-finished wire and rod, see SpecificationB211, and for extruded wire and rod, see Specification B221.1.2 Alloy and temper designations are in accordance withANSI H35.1/H35.1M. The equivalent Unified NumberingSystem alloy designations are those of Ta
5、ble 1 preceded byA9,for example, A91100 for aluminum 1100 in accordance withPractice E527.1.3 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminumand aluminum alloys in this specification, see Annex A2.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as stan
6、dard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4.1 The SI units are shown either in brackets or in separatetables.2. Referenced D
7、ocuments2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on dateof material purchase form a part of this specification to theextent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:2B211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyRolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and WireB221 Specification for Aluminum and
8、Aluminum-Alloy Ex-truded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and TubesB557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and CastAluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy ProductsB557M Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and CastAluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)B565 Test Method for Shear Testing of Alumin
9、um andAluminum-Alloy Rivets and Cold-Heading Wire andRodsB660 Practices for Packaging/Packing of Aluminum andMagnesium ProductsB666/B666M Practice for Identification Marking of Alumi-num and Magnesium ProductsB918 Practice for Heat Treatment of Wrought AluminumAlloysB985 Practice for Sampling Alumin
10、um Ingots, Billets, Cast-ings and Finished or Semi-Finished Wrought AluminumProducts for Compositional AnalysisE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE34 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Aluminum andAluminum-Base AlloysE527 Practice for
11、 Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnified Numbering System (UNS)E607 Test Method for Atomic Emission SpectrometricAnalysis Aluminum Alloys by the Point to Plane Tech-nique Nitrogen Atmosphere (Withdrawn 2011)3E716 Practices for Sampling and Sample Preparation ofAluminum and Aluminum Alloys for Dete
12、rmination ofChemical Composition by Spectrochemical AnalysisE1004 Test Method for Determining Electrical ConductivityUsing the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) MethodE1251 Test Method for Analysis of Aluminum and Alumi-num Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry1This specification is under the ju
13、risdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 onAluminum Alloy Wrought Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as B316/B316M 10.DOI:
14、 10.1520/B0316_B0316M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this h
15、istorical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 ANSI Standards:4H35.1/H35.1M Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for
16、AluminumH35.2 Dimensional Tolerances for Aluminum Mill ProductsH35.2M Dimensional Tolerances for Aluminum Mill Prod-ucts Metric2.4 Military Standard:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage52.5 AMS Specification:AMS 2772 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Raw Mate-rials62.6 Federal Standard:Fed. S
17、td. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)52.7 CEN EN Standards:7EN 14242 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys. ChemicalAnalysis Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical EmissionSpectral Analysis3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 rod, na solid product 0.375 in. or greater over 10mm in diameter, that is lo
18、ng in relation to cross section.3.1.2 cold-heading rod, nrod of a quality suitable for usein the manufacture of cold-headed products such as rivets andbolts.3.1.3 rivet rod, nsee cold-heading rod.3.1.4 wire, na solid wrought product that is long inrelation to its cross section, which is square or re
19、ctangular withsharp or rounded corners or edges, or is round, a regularhexagon, or a regular octagon, and whose diameter or greatestperpendicular distances between parallel faces (except forflattened wire) is less than 0.375 in. up through 10 mm3.1.5 cold-heading wire, nwire of a quality suitable fo
20、ruse in the manufacture of cold-headed products such as rivetsand bolts.3.1.6 rivet wire, nsee cold-heading wire.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information:NOTE 3For inch-pound orders specify Specification B316; for metricorders specif
21、y Specification B316M. Do not mix units.4.1.1 This specification designation (which includes thenumber, the year, and the revision letter, if applicable),4.1.2 Quantity in pieces or pounds kilograms,4.1.3 Alloy (see 7.1),4.1.4 Temper (see 8.1),4.1.5 Diameter,4.1.6 Form-coiled or straight lengths,4.2
22、 Additionally, orders for material to this specificationshall include the following information when required by thepurchaser:4.2.1 Whether inspection or witness of inspection and testsby the purchasers representative is required prior to materialshipment (Section 13),4.2.2 Whether certification is
23、required (Section 15),4.2.3 Whether marking for identification is required (Sec-tion 16), and4.2.4 Whether Practices B660 applies and, if so, the levelsof preservation, packaging, and packing required (17.3).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The products covered by this specification shall beproduced
24、by extruding, rolling, or drawing, or a combinationthereof, at the option of the producer.6. Responsibility for Quality Assurance6.1 Responsibility for Inspection and TestsUnless other-wise specified in the contract or purchase order, the producer isresponsible for the performance of all inspection
25、and testrequirements specified herein. The producer may use his ownor any other suitable facilities for the performance of theinspection and test requirements specified herein, unless dis-approved by the purchaser in the order or at the time of contractsigning. The purchaser shall have the right to
26、perform any ofthe inspections and tests set forth in this specification wheresuch inspections are deemed necessary to assure that materialconforms to prescribed requirements.6.2 Lot DefinitionAn inspection lot shall be defined asfollows:6.2.1 For heat-treated tempers, an inspection lot shall con-sis
27、t of an identifiable quantity of material of the same millform, alloy, temper, and nominal diameter traceable to aheat-treat lot or lots, and subjected to inspection at one time.6.2.2 For nonheat-treated tempers, an inspection lot shallconsist of an identifiable quantity of material of the same mill
28、form, alloy, temper, and nominal diameter subjected to inspec-tion at one time.7. Chemical Composition7.1 LimitsThe material shall conform to the chemicalcomposition limits specified in Table 1. Conformance shall bedetermined by the producer by taking samples in accordancewith Practices E716 when th
29、e ingots are poured, and analyzingthose samples in accordance with Test Methods E34, E607,E1251, or EN 14242. At least one sample shall be taken foreach group of ingots poured simultaneously from the samesource of molten metal. If the producer has determined thechemical composition during pouring of
30、 the ingots, they shallnot be required to sample and analyze the finished product.7.2 If it becomes necessary to analyze Alloy Rivet andCold-Heading Wire and Rods for conformance to chemicalcomposition limits, the methods of sampling and methods ofanalysis shall be as provided in the following:7.2.1
31、 Methods of SamplingSamples for chemical analysisshall be taken in accordance with Practice B985.4Available from Aluminum Association, Inc., 1400 Crystal Drive, Suite 430Arlington, VA 22202 (http:/www.aluminum.org).5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700
32、Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.6Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.7Available from European Committee for Standardization, Central Secretariat,(CEN), Rue de Stassart 36, B1050 Brussels, Belgi
33、um, http/www.cen.eu/esearch.B316/B316M 1527.2.2 Methods of AnalysisAnalysis shall be performed inaccordance with Test Methods E34, E607, E1251,orEN 14242.7.3 Other methods of analysis or in the case of dispute maybe by agreement between the producer and the purchaser.NOTE 4It is standard practice in
34、 the United States aluminum industryto determine conformance to the chemical composition limits prior tofurther processing of ingots into wrought products. Due to the continuousnature of the process, it is not practical to keep a specific ingot analysisidentified with a specific quantity of finished
35、 material.NOTE 5It is difficult to obtain a reliable analysis of each of thecomponents of clad materials using material in its finished state. Areasonably accurate determination of the core composition can be made ifthe cladding is substantially removed prior to analysis. The claddingcomposition is
36、more difficult to determine because of the relatively thinlayer and because of diffusion of core elements to the cladding. Thecorrectness of cladding alloy used can usually be verified by a combina-tion of metallographic examination and spectrochemical analysis of thesurface at several widely separa
37、ted points.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 Tensile Properties of Material as SuppliedThe mate-rial shall conform to the tensile strength requirements specifiedin Table 2 Table 3.8.2 Mechanical Properties of Material after HeatTreatmentIn addition to the requirements of 8.1, heat-treatable material order
38、ed in the annealed or strain-hardenedtempers and subsequently solution heat treated (T4) or solutionand precipitation heat treated (T6, T61, T62, T7, or T73), shallconform to the requirements of Table 4 Table 5 for eithertensile strength or shear strength, at the producers option.However, the materi
39、al shall be capable of meeting both thetensile and shear strength requirements.8.3 Number of Specimens:8.3.1 One tension test specimen shall be taken for each 1000lb or fraction thereof in the lot to determine compliance with8.1. Only one specimen shall be taken from any one piece.8.3.2 The number o
40、f tests to determine compliance with 8.2shall be the same as in 8.3.1.8.4 Test Methods:8.4.1 The tension tests shall be made in accordance withTest Methods B557 B557M.8.4.2 The shear tests shall be made in accordance with TestMethod B565.9. Heat Treatment9.1 Unless specified in 9.2, producer or supp
41、lier heat treat-ment for the applicable tempers in Table 4 shall be inaccordance with AMS 2772.9.2 When specified, heat treatment for the applicable tem-pers in Table 4 shall be in accordance with Practice B918.10. Stress-Corrosion Resistance10.1 For lot acceptance purposes, resistance to stress-cor
42、rosion cracking for each lot of 7050-T7 and 7075-T73material shall be established by testing the previously selectedtension-test samples to the criteria shown in Table 6.TABLE 1 Chemical Composition LimitsA,B,C,JAlloy Silicon Iron Copper Manganese Magnesium Chromium Zinc TitaniumOther ElementsDAlumi
43、numEach TotalE1100 0.95 Si + Fe 0.050.20 0.05 . . 0.10 . 0.05 0.15 99.00 minF2017 0.200.8 0.7 3.54.5 0.401.0 0.400.8 0.10 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder2024 0.50 0.50 3.84.9 0.300.9 1.21.8 0.10 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder2117 0.8 0.7 2.23.0 0.20 0.200.50 0.10 0.25 . 0.05 0.15 remainder2219 0.20 0.3
44、0 5.86.8 0.200.40 0.02 . 0.10 0.020.10 0.05G0.15Gremainder3003 0.6 0.7 0.050.20 1.01.5 . . 0.10 . 0.05 0.15 remainder5005 0.30 0.7 0.20 0.20 0.501.1 0.10 0.25 . 0.05 0.15 remainder5052 0.25 0.40 0.10 0.10 2.22.8 0.150.35 0.10 . 0.05 0.15 remainder5056 0.30 0.40 0.10 0.050.20 4.55.6 0.050.20 0.10 . 0
45、.05 0.15 remainder6053H0.35 0.10 . 1.11.4 0.150.35 0.10 . 0.05 0.15 remainder6061 0.400.8 0.7 0.150.40 0.15 0.81.2 0.040.35 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder7050 0.12 0.15 2.02.6 0.10 1.92.6 0.04 5.76.7 0.06 0.05I0.15Iremainder7075 0.40 0.50 1.22.0 0.30 2.12.9 0.180.28 5.16.1 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainderALi
46、mits are in weight mass percent, maximum, unless shown as a range or stated otherwise.BAnalysis shall be made for the elements for which limits are shown in this table.CTo determine conformance to these limits, an observed value or a calculated value obtained from analysis shall be rounded off to th
47、e nearest unit in the last right-handplace of figures used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding off method of Practice E29.DOthers includes listed elements for which no specific limit is shown as well as unlisted metallic elements. The producer may analyze samples for t
48、race elements notspecified in this specification. However, such analysis is not required and may not cover all metallic Others elements. Should any analysis by the producer or the purchaserestablish that an Others element exceeds the limit of Each or that the aggregate of several Others elements exc
49、eeds the limit of Total, the material shall be considerednonconforming.EOther ElementsTotal shall be the sum of unspecified metallic elements 0.010 % or more, rounded to the second decimal before determining the sum.FThe aluminum content shall be calculated by subtracting from 100.00 % the sum of all the metallic elements present in amounts of 0.010 % or more each, rounded tothe second decimal before determining the sum.GVanadium, 0.050.15 %; zirconium, 0.100.25 %. The total for other elements does not
