1、Designation: B 338 08aStandard Specification forSeamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubesfor Condensers and Heat Exchangers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 338; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specific
3、ation2covers the requirements for 28grades of titanium and titanium alloy tubing intended forsurface condensers, evaporators, and heat exchangers, as fol-lows:1.1.1 Grade 1Unalloyed titanium,1.1.2 Grade 2Unalloyed titanium,1.1.2.1 Grade 2HUnalloyed titanium (Grade 2 with 58ksi minimum UTS),1.1.3 Gra
4、de 3Unalloyed titanium,1.1.4 Grade 7Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium,1.1.4.1 Grade 7HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium (Grade 7 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.5 Grade 9Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % va-nadium),1.1.6 Grade 11Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %pallad
5、ium,1.1.7 Grade 12Titanium alloy (0.3 % molybdenum,0.8 % nickel),1.1.8 Grade 13Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 % ru-thenium),1.1.9 Grade 14Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 % ru-thenium),1.1.10 Grade 15Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.11 Grade 16Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to
6、0.08 %palladium,1.1.11.1 Grade 16HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to0.08 % palladium (Grade 16 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.12 Grade 17Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 %palladium,1.1.13 Grade 18Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,1.1.14 Grade 26Unalloyed titan
7、ium plus 0.08 to 0.14 %ruthenium,1.1.14.1 Grade 26HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to0.14 % ruthenium (Grade 26 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.15 Grade 27Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 %ruthenium,1.1.16 Grade 28Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium) plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,1.1.17 Grade
8、30Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 %palladium),1.1.18 Grade 31Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 %palladium),1.1.19 Grade 33Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 %palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),1.1.20 Grade 34Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 %palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % c
9、hromium),1.1.21 Grade 35Titanium alloy (4.5 % aluminum, 2 %molybdenum, 1.6 % vanadium, 0.5 % iron, 0.3 % silicon),1.1.22 Grade 36Titanium alloy (45 % niobium),1.1.23 Grade 37Titanium alloy (1.5 % aluminum), and1.1.24 Grade 38Titanium alloy (4 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium, 1.5 % iron).NOTE 1H grade mate
10、rial is identical to the corresponding numericgrade (that is, Grade 2H = Grade 2) except for the higher guaranteedminimum UTS, and may always be certified as meeting the requirementsof its corresponding numeric grade. Grades 2H, 7H, 16H, and 26H areintended primarily for pressure vessel use.The H gr
11、ades were added in response to a user association request basedon its study of over 5200 commercial Grade 2, 7, 16, and 26 test reports,where over 99 % met the 58 ksi minimum UTS.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is th
12、e direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.01 on Titanium.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B 338 08.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SB-338 in Section
13、II of that Code.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.2 Tubing covered by this specification shall be heat treatedby at least a stress relief as defined in 5.3.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardeda
14、s standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsE8 Test Methods for Tension T
15、esting of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen andNitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert GasFusion TechniqueE 1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in
16、Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas FusionThermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection MethodE 1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refrac-tory and Reactive Metals and Their AlloysE 2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and TitaniumAlloys by Atomic Emission Plasma SpectrometryE 2
17、626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive andRefractory Metals3. Terminology3.1 Lot Definitions:3.1.1 castings, na lot shall consist of all castings producedfrom the same pour.3.1.2 ingot, nno definition required.3.1.3 rounds, flats, tubes, and wrought powder metallurgicalproducts (single def
18、inition, common to nuclear and non-nuclear standards), na lot shall consist of a material of thesame size, shape, condition, and finish produced from the sameingot or powder blend by the same reduction schedule and thesame heat treatment parameters. Unless otherwise agreedbetween manufacturer and pu
19、rchaser, a lot shall be limited tothe product of an 8 h period for final continuous anneal, or toa single furnace load for final batch anneal.3.1.4 sponge, na lot shall consist of a single blendproduced at one time.3.1.5 weld fittings, ndefinition is to be mutually agreedupon between manufacturer an
20、d the purchaser.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information, as required:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Grade number (Section 1),4.1.3 Diameter and wall thickness (Section 12)(Note 2),4.1.4 Length (Section 12),4.1.5 Method of manufacture and fini
21、sh (Sections 5 and 13),4.1.6 Restrictive chemistry, if desired (Section 6 andTable 1),4.1.7 Product analysis, if desired (Section 7 and Table 2),4.1.8 Special mechanical properties, if desired (Section 8and Table 3),4.1.9 Nondestructive tests (Section 11),4.1.10 Packaging (Section 23),4.1.11 Inspect
22、ion (Section 17), and4.1.12 Certification (Section 21).NOTE 2Tube is available to specified outside diameter and wallthickness (state minimum or average wall).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Seamless tube shall be made from hollow billet by anycold reducing or cold drawing process that will yield a
23、productmeeting the requirements of this specification. Seamless tube isproduced with a continuous periphery in all stages of manu-facturing operations.5.2 Welded tube shall be made from flat-rolled product byan automatic arc-welding process or other method of weldingthat will yield a product meeting
24、 the requirements of thisspecification. Use of a filler material is not permitted.5.3 Welded/cold worked tube (WCS) shall be made fromwelded tube manufactured as specified in 5.2. The welded tubeshall be sufficiently cold worked to final size in order totransform the cast weld microstructure into a
25、typical equiaxedmicrostructure in the weld upon subsequent heat treatment.The product shall meet the requirements for seamless tube ofthis specification.5.4 The tube shall be furnished in the annealed conditionwith the exception of Grades 9, 18 and 28, which, at the optionof the purchaser, can be fu
26、rnished in either the annealed or thecold worked and stress relieved condition, defined as at aminimum temperature of 600F (316C) for not less than 30min.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The titanium shall conform to the chemical require-ments prescribed in Table 1.6.1.1 The elements listed in Table 1 ar
27、e intentional alloyadditions or elements that are inherent to the manufacture oftitanium sponge, ingot, or mill product.6.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt must beidentified, analyzed, and reported in the chemical analysis.6.2 When agreed upon by the producer and the purchaserand requeste
28、d by the purchaser in the written purchase order,chemical analysis shall be completed for specific residualelements not listed in this specification.7. Product Analysis7.1 When requested by the purchaser and stated in thepurchase order, product analysis for any elements listed inTable 1 shall be mad
29、e on the completed product.7.1.1 Elements other than those listed in Table 1 are deemedto be capable of occurring in the grades listed in Table 1 by, andonly by way of, unregulated or unanalyzed scrap additions tothe ingot melt. Therefore, product analysis for elements notlisted in Table 1 shall not
30、 be required unless specified and shallbe considered to be in excess of the intent of this specification.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standar
31、ds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.B 338 08a2TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAComposition, %ElementGrade 1 Grade 2 Grade 2H Grade 3 Grade 7 Grade 7H Grade 9 Grade 11 Grade 12 Grade 13Nitrogen, max 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03Carbon, max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0
32、.08 0.08 0.08Hydrogen,B,Cmax 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015Iron, max 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.30 0.20Oxygen, max 0.18 0.25 0.25 0.35 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.18 0.25 0.10Aluminum . . . . . . 2.53.5 . . .Vanadium . . . . . . 2.03.0 . . .Tin . . . . . . . . . .Rut
33、henium . . . . . . . . . 0.040.06Palladium . . . . 0.120.25 0.120.25 . 0.120.25 . .Cobalt . . . . . . . . . .Molybdenum . . . . . . . . 0.20.4 .Chromium . . . . . . . . . .Nickel . . . . . . . . 0.60.9 0.40.6Niobium . . . . . . . . . .Zirconium . . . . . . . . . .Silicon . . . . . . . . . .Residuals
34、,D,E,Fmax each0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Residuals,D,E,Fmax total0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4TitaniumGbalance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balanceComposition, %ElementGrade 14 Grade 15 Grade 16 Grade 16H Grade 17 Grade 18 Grade 26 Grade 26H G
35、rade 27Nitrogen, max 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03Carbon, max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08Hydrogen,B,Cmax 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015Iron, max 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.20Oxygen, max 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.18 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.18
36、Aluminum . . . . . 2.53.5 . . .Vanadium . . . . . 2.03.0 . . .Tin . . . . . . . . .Ruthenium 0.040.06 0.040.06 . . . . 0.080.14 0.080.14 0.080.14Palladium . . 0.040.08 0.040.08 0.040.08 0.040.08 . . .Cobalt . . . . . . . . .Molybdenum . . . . . . . . .Chromium . . . . . . . . .Nickel 0.40.6 0.40.6 .
37、 . . . . . .Niobium . . . . . . . . .Zirconium . . . . . . . . .Silicon . . . . . . . . .Residuals,D,E,Fmaxeach0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Residuals,D,E,Fmaxtotal0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4TitaniumGbalance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balanceComposition, %El
38、ementGrade 28 Grade 30 Grade 31 Grade 33 Grade 34 Grade 35 Grade 36 Grade 37 Grade 38Nitrogen, max 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03Carbon, max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.08Hydrogen,B,Cmax 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.0035 0.015 0.015Iron, max or range 0.25 0.30 0.
39、30 0.30 0.30 0.20-0.80 0.03 0.30 1.21.8Oxygen, max orrange0.15 0.25 0.35 0.25 0.35 0.25 0.16 0.25 0.200.30Aluminum 2.53.5 . . . . 4.0-5.0 . 1.0-2.0 3.54.5Vanadium 2.03.0 . . . . 1.1-2.1 . . 2.03.0Tin . . . . . . . . .Ruthenium 0.080.14 . . 0.02-0.04 0.02-0.04 . . . .Palladium . 0.040.08 0.040.08 0.0
40、1-0.02 0.01-0.02 . . . .Cobalt . 0.200.80 0.200.80 . . . . . .Molybdenum . . . . . 1.5-2.5 . . .Chromium . . . 0.1-0.2 0.1-0.2 . . . .Nickel . . . 0.35-0.55 0.35-0.55 . . . .Niobium . . . . . . 42.047.0 . .Zirconium . . . . . . . . .Silicon . . . . . 0.20-0.40 . . .Residuals,D,E,Fmaxeach0.1 0.1 0.1
41、0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1B 338 08a37.2 Product analysis tolerances, listed in Table 2,donotbroaden the specified heat analysis requirements, but covervariations between different laboratories in the measurement ofchemical content. The manufacturer shall not ship the finishedproduct that is outside the
42、 limits specified in Table 1 for theapplicable grade.8. Tensile Requirements8.1 The room temperature tensile properties of the tube inthe condition normally supplied shall conform to the require-ments prescribed in Table 3. Mechanical properties for condi-tions other than those given in this table m
43、ay be established byagreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. (SeeTest Methods E8.)9. Flattening Test9.1 Tubing shall withstand, without cracking, flatteningunder a load applied gradually at room temperature until thedistance between the load platens is not more than H in. H iscalculated
44、 as follows:H, in. mm!51 1 e!te 1 t/D(1)where:H = the minimum flattened height, in. (mm),t = the nominal wall thickness, in. (mm), andD = the nominal tube diameter, in. (mm).For Grades 1, 2, 2H, 7, 7H, 11, 13, 14, 16, 16H, 17, 26, 26H,27, 30, and 33:e 5 0.07 in. for all diameters (2)For Grade 3, 31,
45、 and 34:e 5 0.04 through 1 in. diameter (3)e 5 0.06 over 1 in. diameter (4)For Grades 9, 12, 15, 18, 28, 35, 36, 37, and 38:e shall be negotiated between the producer and the purchaser.9.1.1 For welded tubing, the weld shall be positioned on the90 or 270 centerline during loading so as to be subject
46、ed to amaximum stress.9.1.2 When low D-to-t ratio tubular products are tested,because the strain imposed due to geometry is unreasonablyhigh on the inside surface at the six and twelve oclocklocations, cracks at these locations shall not be cause forrejection if the D-to-t ratio is less than ten (10
47、).9.2 The results from all calculations are to be rounded totwo decimal places. Examination for cracking shall be by theunaided eye.9.3 Welded tube shall be subjected to a reverse flatteningtest in accordance with Supplement II of Test Methods andDefinitions A 370. A section of the tube, approximate
48、ly 4 in.(102 mm) long, that is slit longitudinally 90 either side of theweld, shall be opened and flattened with the weld at the pointof maximum bend. No cracking is permitted.10. Flaring Test10.1 For tube 312 in. (88 mm) in outside diameter andsmaller, and 0.134 in. (3.4 mm) in wall thickness and t
49、hinner,a section of tube approximately 4 in. (102 mm) in length shallwithstand being flared with a tool having a 60 included angleuntil the tube at the mouth of the flare has been expanded inaccordance with Table 4. The flared end shall show no crackingComposition, %ElementGrade 28 Grade 30 Grade 31 Grade 33 Grade 34 Grade 35 Grade 36 Grade 37 Grade 38Residuals,D,E,Fmaxtotal0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4TitaniumGbalance balance balance Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder balanceAAnalys
