1、Designation: B 348 08aStandard Specification forTitanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 348; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers annealed titanium and tita-niu
3、m alloy bars and billets as follows:1.1.1 Grade 1Unalloyed titanium,1.1.2 Grade 2Unalloyed titanium,1.1.2.1 Grade 2HUnalloyed titanium (Grade 2 with 58ksi minimum UTS),1.1.3 Grade 3Unalloyed titanium,1.1.4 Grade 4Unalloyed titanium,1.1.5 Grade 5Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vana-dium),1.1.6 Grad
4、e 6Titanium alloy (5 % aluminum, 2.5 % tin),1.1.7 Grade 7Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium,1.1.7.1 Grade 7HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium (Grade 7 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.8 Grade 9Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % va-nadium),1.1.9 Grade 11Unalloyed titanium plus
5、 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium,1.1.10 Grade 12Titanium alloy (0.3 % molybdenum,0.8 % nickel),1.1.11 Grade 13Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.12 Grade 14Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.13 Grade 15Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.14 Grade 16Unalloyed ti
6、tanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 %palladium,1.1.14.1 Grade 16HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to0.08 % palladiumm (Grade 16 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.15 Grade 17Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 %palladium,1.1.16 Grade 18Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,1.1.17 Gr
7、ade 19Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 %vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 % molybdenum),1.1.18 Grade 20Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 %vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 % molybdenum)plus 0.04 %0.08 % palladium,1.1.19 Grade 21Titanium alloy (15 % molybdenum, 3 %aluminum, 2.7 % niobium,
8、0.25 % silicon),1.1.20 Grade 23Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %vanadium with extra low interstitial elements, ELI),1.1.21 Grade 24Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %vanadium) plus 0.04 % to 0.08 % palladium,1.1.22 Grade 25Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %vanadium) plus 0.3 % to 0.8 % nickel and 0.04
9、% to 0.08 %palladium,1.1.23 Grade 26Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 %ruthenium,1.1.23.1 Grade 26HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to0.14 % ruthenium (Grade 26 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.24 Grade 27Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 %ruthenium,1.1.25 Grade 28Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %va
10、nadium plus 0.080.14 % ruthenium),1.1.26 Grade 29Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %vanadium, extra low interstitial, ELI plus 0.08 to 0.14 %ruthenium),1.1.27 Grade 30Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 %palladium),1.1.28 Grade 31Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 %palladium),1.1.29 Grade 32Titanium al
11、loy (5 % aluminum, 1 % tin,1 % zirconium, 1 % vanadium, 0.8 % molybdenum),1.1.30 Grade 33Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 %palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),1.1.31 Grade 34Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 %palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),1.1.32 Grade 35Titanium allo
12、y (4.5 % aluminum, 2 %molybdenum, 1.6 % vanadium, 0.5 % iron, 0.3 % silicon),1.1.33 Grade 36Titanium alloy (45 % niobium),1.1.34 Grade 37Titanium alloy (1.5 % aluminum), and1.1.35 Grade 38Titanium alloy (4 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium, 1.5 % iron).NOTE 1H grade material is identical to the correspondin
13、g numericgrade (that is, Grade 2H = Grade 2) except for the higher guaranteed1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.01 on Titanium.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Publi
14、shed August 2008. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B 348 08.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SB-348 in Section II of that Code.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, P
15、A 19428-2959, United States.minimum UTS, and may always be certified as meeting the requirementsof its corresponding numeric grade. Grades 2H, 7H, 16H, and 26H areintended primarily for pressure vessel use.The H grades were added in response to a user association request basedon its study of over 52
16、00 commercial Grade 2, 7, 16, and 26 test reports,where over 99 % met the 58 ksi minimum UTS.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered s
17、tandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 539 Test Method for X-Ray Fluorescence SpectrometricAnalysis of 6Al-4V Titanium AlloyE 1409
18、Test Method for Determination of Oxygen andNitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert GasFusion TechniqueE 1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen inTitanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas FusionThermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection MethodE 1941 Test Method for Determinatio
19、n of Carbon in Refrac-tory and Reactive Metals and Their AlloysE 2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and TitaniumAlloys by Atomic Emission Plasma SpectrometryE 2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive andRefractory Metals3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard
20、:3.1.1 bar, na hot rolled, forged, or cold worked semifin-ished solid section product whose cross sectional area is equalto or less than 16 in.2(10 323 mm2); rectangular bar must beless than or equal to 10 in. (254 mm) in width and greater than0.1875 in. (4.8 mm) in thickness.3.1.2 billet, na solid
21、semifinished section hot rolled orforged from an ingot, with a cross sectional area greater than 16in.2(10 323 mm2) whose width is less than five times itsthickness.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information as applicable:4.1.1 Grad
22、e number (Section 1),4.1.2 Product classification (Section 3),4.1.3 Chemistry (Table 1),4.1.4 Mechanical properties (Table 2),4.1.5 Marking (Section 16),4.1.6 Finish (Section 8),4.1.7 Packaging (Section 16),4.1.8 Required reports (Section 15), and4.1.9 Disposition of rejected material (Section 14).5
23、. Chemical Composition5.1 The grades of titanium and titanium alloy metal coveredby this specification shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.5.1.1 The elements listed in Table 1 are intentional alloyadditions or elements which are inherent to the manufactu
24、re oftitanium sponge, ingot or mill product.5.1.1.1 Elements other than those listed in Table 1 aredeemed to be capable of occurring in the grades listed in Table1 by and only by way of unregulated or unanalyzed scrapadditions to the ingot melt. Therefore, product analysis forelements not listed in
25、Table 1 shall not be required unlessspecified and shall be considered to be in excess of the intentof this specification.5.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt must beidentified, analyzed and reported in the chemical analysis.5.2 When agreed upon by the producer and purchaser andrequested by
26、 the purchaser in his written purchase order,chemical analysis shall be completed for specific residualelements not listed in this specification.5.3 Product AnalysisProduct analysis tolerances do notbroaden the specified heat analysis requirements, but covervariations between laboratories in the mea
27、surement of chemi-cal content. The manufacturer shall not ship material which isoutside the limits specified in Table 1 for the applicable grade.Product analysis limits shall be as specified in Table 3.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Material supplied under this specification shall conformto the mechani
28、cal property requirements given in Table 2,asapplicable.6.2 Tension testing specimens are to be machined and testedin accordance with Test Methods E8. Tensile properties shallbe determined using a strain rate of 0.003 to 0.007 in./in./minthrough the specified yield strength, and then increasing ther
29、ate so as to produce failure in approximately one additionalminute.7. Dimensions, Weight, and Permissible Variations7.1 SizeTolerances on titanium and titanium alloy mate-rial covered by this specification shall be as specified in Tables4-11, as applicable.7.2 WeightQuantity extras are applicable to
30、 individualitems of a grade, thickness, width, and length ordered at onetime for shipment at one time to one destination. Differentlengths of the same size and grade may be combined forquantity extra. The shipping weight of any item of an orderedsize in any finish may exceed the theoretical weight b
31、y as muchas 10 %.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 Titanium and titanium alloy bar and billet shall be freeof injurious external and internal imperfections of a nature thatwill interfere with the purpose for which it is intended.Annealed material may be furnished as descaled, sandblasted,gro
32、und, or rough turned. The manufacturer shall be permittedto remove minor surface imperfections by spot grinding if such3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer
33、to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.B 348 08a2TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAComposition, %ElementGrade 1 Grade 2 Grade 2H Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 7H Grade 9 Grade 11 Grade 12Nitrogen, max 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03Carbon, m
34、ax 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08Hydrogen,B,Cmax 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015Iron, max 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.30Oxygen, max 0.18 0.25 0.25 0.35 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.18 0.25Aluminum .
35、. . . . 5.56.75 4.06.0 . . 2.53.5 . .Vanadium . . . . . 3.54.5 . . . 2.03.0 . .Tin . . . . . . 2.03.0 . . . . .Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . . . .Palladium . . . . . . . 0.120.25 0.120.25 . 0.120.25 .Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . .Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20.4Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . .N
36、ickel . . . . . . . . . . . 0.60.9Niobium . . . . . . . . . . . .Zirconium . . . . . . . . . . . .Silicon . . . . . . . . . . . .Residuals,D,E,Fmax each0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Residuals,D,E,Fmax total0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4TitaniumGbalance balance balan
37、ce balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balanceComposition, %ElementGrade 13 Grade 14 Grade 15 Grade 16 Grade 16H Grade 17 Grade 18 Grade 19 Grade 20 Grade 21Nitrogen, max 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03Carbon, max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05
38、0.05 0.05Hydrogen,B,Cmax 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.02 0.02 0.015Iron, max 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.40Oxygen, max 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.18 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.17Aluminum . . . . . . 2.53.5 3.04.0 3.04.0 2.53.5Vanadium . . . . . . 2.03.0 7.58.5 7.58.5 .Tin . .
39、 . . . . . . . .Ruthenium 0.040.06 0.040.06 0.040.06 . . . . . . .Palladium . . . 0.040.08 0.040.08 0.040.08 0.040.08 . 0.040.08 .Cobalt . . . . . . . . . .Molybdenum . . . . . . . 3.54.5 3.54.5 14.016.0Chromium . . . . . . . 5.56.5 5.56.5 .Nickel 0.40.6 0.40.6 0.40.6 . . . . . . .Niobium . . . . .
40、. . . . 2.23.2Zirconium . . . . . . . 3.54.5 3.54.5 .Silicon . . . . . . . . . 0.150.25Residuals,D,E,Fmaxeach0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.15 0.15 0.1Residuals,D,E,Fmaxtotal0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4TitaniumGbalance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance
41、Composition, %ElementGrade 23 Grade 24 Grade 25 Grade 26 Grade 26H Grade 27 Grade 28 Grade 29 Grade 30Nitrogen, max 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03Carbon, max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08Hydrogen,B,Cmax 0.0125 0.015 0.0125 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015Iron, max 0.2
42、5 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.30Oxygen, max 0.13 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.25Aluminum 5.56.5 5.56.75 5.56.75 . . . 2.53.5 5.56.5 .Vanadium 3.54.5 3.54.5 3.54.5 . . . 2.03.0 3.54.5 .Tin . . . . . . .Ruthenium . . . 0.080.14 0.080.14 0.080.14 0.080.14 0.080.14 .Palladium . 0.040.08
43、 0.040.08 . . . . . 0.040.08Cobalt . . . . . . 0.200.80Molybdenum . . . . . . . . .Chromium . . . . . . . . .Nickel . . 0.30.8 . . . . . .Niobium . . . . . . . . .Zirconium . . . . . . . . .Silicon . . . . . . . . .Residuals,D,E,Fmaxeach0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1B 348 08a3grinding does not
44、reduce the thickness of the material belowthe minimum permitted by the tolerance for the thicknessordered.9. Sampling9.1 Samples for chemical analyses shall be representative ofthe material being tested. The utmost care must be used insampling titanium for chemical analysis because of its greataffin
45、ity for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.Therefore, in cutting samples for analysis, the operation shouldbe carried out insofar as possible in a dust-free atmosphere.Chips should be collected from clean metal and tools should beclean and sharp. Samples for analysis should be stored in
46、suitable containers.9.2 At least two samples for chemical analysis shall betested to determine chemical composition. Samples shall betaken from the ingot or from the opposite extremes of theproduct to be analyzed.10. Methods of Chemical Analysis10.1 The chemical analysis shall normally be conductedu
47、sing theASTM standard test methods referenced in 2.1. Otherindustry standard methods may be used where the ASTM testmethods in 2.1 do not adequately cover the elements in thematerial or by agreement between the producer and thepurchaser. Alternate techniques are discussed in Guide E 2626.11. Retests
48、11.1 If the results of any chemical or mechanical propertytest lot are not in conformance with the requirements of thisspecification, the lot may be retested at the option of themanufacturer. The frequency of the retest will double the initialnumber of tests. If the results of the retest conform to
49、thespecification, then the retest values will become the test valuesfor certification. Only original conforming test results or theconforming retest results shall be reported to the purchaser. Ifthe results for the retest fail to conform to the specification, thematerial will be rejected in accordance with Section 14.12. Referee Test and Analysis12.1 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturerand the purchaser on the conformance of the material to therequirements of t
