1、Designation: B 381 08Standard Specification forTitanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers 39 grades of annealed tita-nium and titanium alloy forgings as follows:1.1.1 Grade F-1Unalloyed titanium,1.1.2 Grade F-2
3、Unalloyed titanium,1.1.2.1 Grade F-2HUnalloyed titanium (Grade 2 with 58ksi minimum UTS),1.1.3 Grade F-3Unalloyed titanium,1.1.4 Grade F-4Unalloyed titanium,1.1.5 Grade F-5Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %vanadium),1.1.6 Grade F-6Titanium alloy (5 % aluminum, 2.5 %tin),1.1.7 Grade F-7Unalloyed titan
4、ium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium,1.1.7.1 Grade F-7HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to0.25 % palladium (Grade 7 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.8 Grade F-9Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium),1.1.9 Grade F-11Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium,1.1.10 Grade F-12Titanium alloy (0.3 % moly
5、bdenum,0.8 % nickel),1.1.11 Grade F-13Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.12 Grade F-14Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.13 Grade F-15Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.14 Grade F-16Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to0.08 % palladium,1.1.14.1 Grade F-16HUn
6、alloyed titanium plus 0.04 to0.08 % palladium (Grade 16 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.15 Grade F-17Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to0.08 % palladium,1.1.16 Grade F-18Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium) plus 0.04 % to 0.08 % palladium,1.1.17 Grade F-19Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 %vanadium,
7、6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 % molybdenum),1.1.18 Grade F-20Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 %vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 % molybdenum)plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,1.1.19 Grade F-21Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.7 %niobium, 15 % molybdenum, 0.25 % silicon),1.1.20 Grade F-23Titanium a
8、lloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %vanadium, extra low interstitials, ELI),1.1.21 Grade F-24Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,1.1.22 Grade F-25Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %vanadium) plus 0.3 to 0.8 % nickel and 0.04 to 0.08 %palladium,1.1.23 Grade F-26Unalloyed titaniu
9、m plus 0.08 to0.14 % ruthenium,1.1.23.1 Grade F-26HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to0.14 % ruthenium (Grade 26 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.24 Grade F-27Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to0.14 % ruthenium,1.1.25 Grade F-28Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium),1.1.26 Gr
10、ade F-29Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %vanadium, extra low interstitial, ELI plus 0.08 to 0.14 %ruthenium),1.1.27 Grade F-30Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 %palladium),1.1.28 Grade F-31Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 %palladium),1.1.29 Grade F-32Titanium alloy (5 % aluminum, 1 %vanadium, 1 %
11、 tin, 1 % zirconium, 0.8 % molybdenum),1.1.30 Grade F-33Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 %palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),1.1.31 Grade F-34Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 %palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),1.1.32 Grade F-35Titanium alloy (4.5 % aluminum, 2 %molybde
12、num, 1.6 % vanadium, 0.5 % iron, 0.3 % silicon),1.1.33 Grade F-36Titanium alloy (45 % niobium),1.1.34 Grade F-37Titanium alloy (1.5 % aluminum), and1.1.35 Grade F-38Titanium alloy (4 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium, 1.5 % iron).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive
13、 and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.01 on Titanium.Current edition approved May 15, 2008. Published June 2008. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B 381 06a.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see
14、 related Specifi-cation SB-381 in Section II of that Code.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 1H grade material is identical to the corresponding numericgrade (that is, Grade 2H = Grade 2) except for the higher guara
15、nteedminimum UTS, and may always be certified as meeting the requirementsof its corresponding numeric grade. Grades 2H, 7H, 16H, and 26H areintended primarily for pressure vessel use.The H grades were added in response to a user association request basedon its study of over 5200 commercial Grade 2,
16、7, 16, and 26 test reports,where over 99 % met the 58 ksi minimum UTS.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced D
17、ocuments2.1 ASTM Standards:3B 348 Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Barsand BilletsE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 120 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Titani
18、um andTitanium Alloys4E 1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen andNitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert GasFusion TechniqueE 1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen inTitanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas FusionThermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method3. Ter
19、minology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bar, na hot rolled, forged or cold worked semifin-ished solid section product whose cross sectional area is lessthan 16 in.2(10 323 mm2).3.1.2 billet, na solid semifinished section, hot rolled orforged from an ingot, with a cross secti
20、onal area greater than 16in.2(10 323 mm2).3.1.3 forging, nany product of work on metal formed toa desired shape by impact or pressure in hammers, forgingmachines, upsetters presses or related forming equipment.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for forgings under this specification shall includethe f
21、ollowing information, as applicable:4.1.1 Grade number (Section 1),4.1.2 Tensile properties (Table 1),4.1.3 Dimensions and tolerances (Section 9),4.1.4 Sampling, mechanical properties (Section 7),4.1.5 Methods for chemical analysis (Section 6),4.1.6 Marking (Section 16),4.1.7 Packaging (Section 16),
22、4.1.8 Certification (Section 15),4.1.9 Disposition of rejected material (Section 13), and4.1.10 Supplementary requirements (S1).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Material conforming to the latest revision of Specifica-tion B 348 shall be used when producing forgings to thisspecification.6. Chemical Co
23、mposition6.1 The grades of titanium and titanium alloy metal coveredby this specification shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 2.6.1.1 The elements listed in Table 2 are intentional alloyadditions or elements which are inherent to the manufacturer oftitaniu
24、m sponge, ingot or mill product.6.1.1.1 Elements other than those listed in Table 2 aredeemed to be capable of occurring in the grades listed in Table2 by and only by way of unregulated or unanalyzed scrapadditions to the ingot melt. Therefore, product analysis forelements not listed in Table 2 shal
25、l not be required unlessspecified and shall be considered to be in excess of the intentof this specification.6.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt must beidentified, analyzed, and reported in the chemical analysis.6.2 When agreed upon by the producer and purchaser andrequested by the purcha
26、ser in his written purchase order,chemical analysis shall be completed for specific residualelements not listed in this specification.6.3 Product AnalysisProduct analysis tolerances do notbroaden the specified heat analysis requirements, but covervariations between laboratories in the measurement of
27、 chemi-cal content. The manufacturer shall not ship material which isoutside the limits specified in Table 2 for the applicable grade.Product analysis limits shall be as specified in Table 3.6.4 SamplingSamples for chemical analysis shall be rep-resentative of material being tested. Except for hydro
28、gen andunless otherwise specified, chemical analysis of ingot or billetshall be reported. Samples for hydrogen determination shall beobtained from the forgings on a test basis and a frequency asagreed upon between the forger and the purchaser. The utmostcare must be used in sampling titanium for che
29、mical analysisbecause of its great affinity for elements such as oxygen,nitrogen, and hydrogen. Therefore, the cutting and handling ofsamples should include practices that will prevent contamina-tion. Samples shall be collected from clean metal.6.5 The methods of analysis used shall be in accordance
30、with Test Methods E 120, E 1409, and E 1447, as applicable, oras agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.6.6 At least two samples for chemical analysis shall betested to determine chemical composition. Samples shall betaken from opposite extremes of the product to be analyzed.7. Mecha
31、nical Properties7.1 Forgings supplied under this specification shall conformto the requirements as to mechanical properties specified inTable 1, as applicable.7.2 Specimens for tension tests shall be machined and testedin accordance with Test Methods E8. Tensile properties shallbe determined using a
32、 strain rate of 0.003 to 0.007 in./in.min3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.B381082TA
33、BLE 1 Tensile RequirementsAGradeTensile Strength, min Yield Strength (0.2 % Offset), min or RangeElongation in 4D,min, %Reduction of Area,min, %ksi (MPa) ksi (MPa)F-1 35 (240) 20 (138) 24 30F-2 50 (345) 40 (275) 20 30F-2HB,C58 (400) 40 (275) 20 30F-3 65 (450) 55 (380) 18 30F-4 80 (550) 70 (483) 15 2
34、5F-5 130 (895) 120 (828) 10 25F-6 120 (828) 115 (795) 10 25F-7 50 (345) 40 (275) 20 30F-7HB,C58 (400) 40 (275) 20 30F-9 120 (828) 110 (759) 10 25F-9D90 (620) 70 (483) 15 25F-11 35 (240) 20 (138) 24 30F-12 70 (483) 50 (345) 18 25F-13 40 (275) 25 (170) 24 30F-14 60 (410) 40 (275) 20 30F-15 70 (483) 55
35、 (380) 18 25F-16 50 (345) 40 (275) 20 30F-16HB,C58 (400) 40 (275) 20 30F-17 35 (240) 20 (138) 24 30F-18 90 (620) 70 (483) 15 25F-18D90 (620) 70 (483) 12 20F-19E115 (793) 110 (759) 15 25F-19F135 (930) 130 to 159 (897) to (1096) 10 20F-19G165 (1138) 160 to 185 (1104) to (1276) 5 20F-20E115 (793) 110 (
36、759) 15 25F-20F135 (930) 130 to 159 (897) to (1096) 10 20F-20G165 (1138) 160 to 185 (1104) to (1276) 5 20F-21E115 (793) 110 (759) 15 35F-21F140 (966) 130 to 159 (897) to (1096) 10 30F-21G170 (1172) 160 to 185 (1104) to (1276) 8 20F-23 120 (828) 110 (759) 10 25F-23D120 (828) 110 (759) 7.5H,6.0I25F-24
37、 130 (895) 120 (828) 10 25F-25 130 (895) 120 (828) 10 25F-26 50 (345) 40 (275) 20 30F-26HB,C58 (400) 40 (275) 20 30F-27 35 (240) 20 (138) 24 30F-28 90 (620) 70 (483) 15 25F-28D90 (620) 70 (483) 12 20F-29 120 (828) 110 (759) 10 25F-29D120 (828) 110 (759) 7.5H,6.0I15F-30 50 (345) 40 (275) 20 30F-31 65
38、 (450) 55 (380) 18 30F-32 100 (689) 85 (586) 10 25F-33 50 (345) 40 (275) 20 30F-34 65 (450) 55 (380) 18 30F-35 130 (895) 120 (828) 5 20F-36 65 (450) 60 to 95 (410 to 655) 10 .F-37 50 (345) 31 (215) 20 30F-38 130 (895) 115 (794) 10 25AThese properties apply to forgings having a cross section no great
39、er than 3 in.2(1935 mm2). Mechanical properties of forgings having greater cross sections shall benegotiated between the manufacturer and the purchaser.BMaterial is identical to the corresponding numeric grade (that is, Grade F-2H = Grade F-2) except for the higher guaranteed minimum UTS, and may be
40、 dual certifiedwith its corresponding numeric grade. Grade F-2H, F-7H, F-16H, and F-26H are intended primarily for pressure vessel use.CThe H grades were added in response to a user association request based on its study of over 5200 commercial Grade 2, 7, 16, and 26 test reports where over 99%met t
41、he 58 ksi minimum UTS.DProperties for material in transformed-beta condition.EProperties for material in the solution treated condition.FProperties for solution treated and aged condition-Moderate strength (determined by aging temperature).GProperties for solution treated and aged condition-High Str
42、ength (determined by aging temperature).HFor product section or wall thickness values 30 60.50Nitrogen 0.05 + 0.02Oxygen 0.30 + 0.03Oxygen 0.31 to 0.40 60.04Palladium 0.01 to 0.02 60.002Palladium 0.04 to 0.08 60.005Palladium 0.12 to 0.25 60.02Ruthenium 0.02 to 0.04 60.005Ruthenium 0.04 to 0.06 60.00
43、5Ruthenium 0.08 to 0.14 60.01Silicon 0.06 to 0.40 60.02Tin 0.6 to 3.0 60.15Vanadium 0.6 to 4.5 60.15Vanadium 7.5 to 8.5 60.40Zirconium 0.6 to 1.4 60.15Zirconium 3.5 to 4.5 60.20ResidualsA(each) 0.15 + 0.02AA residual is an element present in a metal or an alloy in small quantities andis inherent to
44、the manufacturing process but not added intentionally. In titaniumthese elements include aluminum, vanadium, tin, iron, chromium, molybdenum,niobium, zirconium, hafnium, bismuth, ruthenium, palladium, yttrium, copper,silicon, cobalt, tantalum, nickel, boron, manganese, and tungsten.B381086having the
45、 largest cross section. The longitudinal axis of thetensile specimens shall be parallel to the major direction ofmetal flow in the forging.S1.5 Repair welding is not permitted.S1.6 Each forging shall be ultrasonically inspected inaccordance with MIL-STD-2154 throughout 100 % of theirvolume. Inspecti
46、on shall be performed after heat treating whenthe forging is machined to the configuration for ultrasonicinspection as shown on the forging sketch or drawing. Inspec-tion shall be performed prior to drilling holes, cutting keyways,tapers, grooves, or machining section to final contour. Forgingsshall
47、 be scanned using a straight beam technique such that allmajor planes are covered. Disc type forgings shall be scannedusing a straight beam from at least one flat face and radiallyfrom the circumference when possible. Cylindrical, ring, andhollow forgings shall be scanned from the entire externalsur
48、face using the straight beam technique, and in the axialdirection to the maximum extent possible. Acceptance criteriashall be to class A of MIL-STD-2154.S1.7 All surfaces of each forging shall be liquid penetrantinspected in accordance with NAVSEA T9074-AS-GIB-010/271. Acceptance criteria shall be i
49、n accordance with NAVSEAS9074-AR-GIB-010/278 as specified in the order.S1.8 Forgings shall be free of foreign material and con-taminants such as sulfur, lead, marking paints or machining orforming lubricants. Forgings shall be cleaned prior to any heattreatment operations. Forgings shall be free of any oxygen richlayer, such as alpha case.S1.9 The first forging of each type and design submittedfor inspection shall be the first article sample. Mechanicalproperties for first article inspections shall be determinedthroughout the forging
