1、Designation: B391 09Standard Specification forNiobium and Niobium Alloy Ingots1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B391; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers unalloyed and alloyed niobiumingots prepared by vacuum- or plasma-arc melting or electron-beam melting to produce consolidated
3、 metal for processing tovarious mill shapes.1.2 The materials covered by this specification are:1.2.1 R04200-Type 1Reactor grade unalloyed niobium,1.2.2 R04210-Type 2Commercial grade unalloyed nio-bium,1.2.3 R04251-Type 3Reactor grade niobium alloy con-taining 1 % zirconium, and1.2.4 R04261-Type 4Co
4、mmercial grade niobium alloycontaining 1 % zirconium.1.3 Unless a single unit is used, for example, force forhardness testing in kN, the values stated in inch-pound unitsare to be regarded as standard. The values given in parenthesesare mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinfor
5、mation only and are not considered standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portions of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard
6、 to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analys
7、is of Reactive andRefractory Metals3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information, as applicable:3.1.1 ASTM standard number and year of issue,3.1.2 Type (see 1.2),3.1.3 Quantity in weight or pieces,3.1.4 Size, diameter and length,3.1.5
8、Chemistry (see 5.2),3.1.6 Permissible overshipment (see 6.1),3.1.7 Quality and finish (see 7.2 and 7.6),3.1.8 Sampling (Section 8)3.1.9 Packaging (Section 15), and3.1.10 Required reports (Section 13).4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The ingot metal for all four types may be vacuum orplasma arc melted
9、, vacuum electron-beam melted, or anycombination of these three methods.5. Chemical Requirements5.1 The finished ingot shall conform to the requirements forchemical composition as prescribed in Table 1.5.2 Analysis for elements not listed in Table 1 and notnormally expected in niobium shall not be r
10、equired unlessspecified at time of purchase.6. Permissible Variations6.1 QuantityFor orders requiring up to 100 lb (45.4 kg) ofingots, the manufacturer may overship up to a maximum of20 %. For orders up to and including 1000 lb (454 kg), themanufacturer may overship up to a maximum of 10 %. Thepermi
11、ssible overshipment shall be negotiated for orders largerthan 1000 lb (454 kg).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.03 on Niobium and Tantalum.Current edition approved Oct.
12、1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B391 03. DOI:10.1520/B0391-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume info
13、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Quality and Finish7.1 The manufacturer shall use care to have each lot of ingotmaterial as uniform in quality
14、 as possible.7.2 When specified, the ingots shall be conditioned on thesurface to standards agreed upon between the manufacturer andthe purchaser.7.3 Subsequent fabrication will be permitted. The differencebetween the maximum and minimum radius of the conditionedingot shall not exceed 20 % of the ma
15、ximum radius. Lands,grooves, and local depressions shall be blended to a maximumangle of 30 to the axis of the ingot.7.4 Each ingot shall be tested for soundness by nondestruc-tive test methods, such as dye penetrant or ultrasonic tests.Methods and acceptance standards shall be as mutually agreedupo
16、n between the purchaser and the manufacturer.7.5 Defects in the ingots that exceed the acceptance stan-dards shall be removed by cropping or surface conditioning,whichever is appropriate. The manufacturer shall be permittedto remove surface imperfections provided that after suchremoval the requireme
17、nts of conditioning are met (7.2).7.6 The ingots shall be free of imperfections that would bedeemed injurious by the standards of acceptability agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer.8. Sampling8.1 Care shall be exercised to ensure that the sampleselected for testing is representative
18、 of the material and that itis not contaminated by the sampling procedure. If there is anyquestion relating to the sampling techniques or to the analysisthereof, the methods for sampling and analysis shall be asagreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.8.2 Sampling is typically performe
19、d at the top, middle andbottom of the ingot.9. Number of Tests and Retests9.1 Each ingot shall be tested for chemical composition andhardness.9.2 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious surfacecontamination or improper preparation, disqualifying it as atruly representative sample, it shall be dis
20、carded and a newsample or specimen substituted.9.3 In case of failure, retest two additional specimens. Ifboth specimens conform to this specification, discard theoriginal values and consider the material acceptable; otherwisethe ingot shall be rejected or reworked and retested.9.4 Take individual h
21、ardness readings on the ingot sidewallalong the full length of the ingot to within 5 in. of each end.Spacing between indentations shall not exceed two ingotdiameters.10. Significance of Numerical Limits10.1 For the purpose of determining compliance with thespecified limits for requirements of the pr
22、operties listed in thefollowing tables, an observed value or a calculated value shallbe rounded as indicated in accordance with the roundingmethod of Practice E29.11. Test Method11.1 Analysis shall be made using the manufacturers stan-dard methods. In the event of disagreement as to the chemicalcomp
23、osition of the metal, methods of chemical analysis forreference purposes shall be determined by a mutually accept-able laboratory.11.2 Guide E2626 is recommended as a guide, whereapplicable.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be
24、 rejected. Rejection shall be reportedTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsType 1 (Reactor Type 2 (Commercial Type 3 (Reactor Type 4 (CommercialElement Grade Unalloyed Grade Unalloyed Grade Niobium1 % Grade Niobium1 %Niobium) Niobium) Zirconium) Zirconium)R04200 R04210 R04251 R04261Max Weight % (Except Wher
25、e Otherwise Specified)Each Ingot:Carbon 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Oxygen 0.015 0.025 0.015 0.025Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015Zirconium 0.02 0.02 0.8 to 1.2 (range) 0.8 to 1.2 (range)Tantalum 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5Iron 0.005 0.01 0.005 0.01Silicon 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Tungsten
26、0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05Nickel 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Molybdenum 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.050Hafnium 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Titanium 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03When Specified:Boron 2 ppm . 2 ppm .Aluminum 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.005Beryllium 0.005 . 0.005 .Chromium 0.002 . 0.002 .Cobalt 0.002 . 0.002 .B391 092to the producer
27、 or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.12.2 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturerand the purchaser on the conformance of the material to therequirements of this specification
28、 or any special test specifiedby the purchaser, a mutually acceptable referee shall performthe tests in question. The results of the referees testing shall beused in determining conformance of the material to thisspecification.13. Certification13.1 A producers or suppliers certification shall be fur
29、-nished to the purchaser that the material was manufactured,sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with the specifi-cation and has been found to meet the requirements. Whenspecified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the testresults shall be furnished.14. Product Marking14.1 Each i
30、ngot shall be marked for identification by metaldie stamping the manufacturers ingot number on the top of theingot. Each box or skid shall be marked or tabbed legibly andconspicuously with the number, type of material, ingot num-ber(s), manufacturers identification, nominal size, and thegross, net,
31、and tare weights.15. Packaging and Package Marking15.1 Unless otherwise specified, material purchased underthis specification must be boxed or banded on skids in such amanner as to secure safe delivery to their destination whenproperly transported by any common carrier.16. Keywords16.1 niobium; niob
32、ium alloy ingotsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of
33、such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for ad
34、ditional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to
35、the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).B391 093
