1、Designation: B391 18Standard Specification forNiobium and Niobium Alloy Ingots1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B391; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers unalloyed and alloyed niobiumingots prepared by vacuum- or plasma-arc melting or electron-beam melting to produce consolidated
3、 metal for processing tovarious mill shapes.1.2 The materials covered by this specification are:1.2.1 R04200-Type 1Reactor grade unalloyed niobium,1.2.2 R04210-Type 2Commercial grade unalloyedniobium,1.2.3 R04251-Type 3Reactor grade niobium alloy contain-ing 1 % zirconium, and1.2.4 R04261-Type 4Comm
4、ercial grade niobium alloycontaining 1 % zirconium.1.3 Unless a single unit is used, the values stated ininch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The valuesgiven in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI unitsthat are provided for information only and are not consideredstandard.1.4 T
5、he following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portions of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety, health, and env
6、iron-mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standa
7、rds, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Re
8、active andRefractory Metals (Withdrawn 2017)33. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information, as applicable:3.1.1 ASTM standard number and year of issue,3.1.2 Type (see 1.2),3.1.3 Quantity in weight or pieces,3.1.4 Size, diameter and len
9、gth,3.1.5 Chemistry (see 5.2),3.1.6 Permissible overshipment (see 6.1),3.1.7 Quality and finish (see 7.2 and 7.6),3.1.8 Sampling (Section 8)3.1.9 Packaging (Section 15), and3.1.10 Required reports (Section 13).4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The ingot metal for all four types may be vacuum orplasma
10、arc melted, vacuum electron-beam melted, or anycombination of these three methods.5. Chemical Requirements5.1 The finished ingot shall conform to the requirements forchemical composition as prescribed in Table 1.5.2 Analysis for elements not listed in Table 1 and notnormally expected in niobium shal
11、l not be required unlessspecified at time of purchase.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.03 on Niobium and Tantalum.Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published May 2
12、018. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B391 091which waswithdrawn January 2018 and reinstated in April 2018. DOI: 10.1520/B0391-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
13、Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Sta
14、tesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Tr
15、ade (TBT) Committee.16. Permissible Variations6.1 QuantityFor orders requiring up to 100 lb (45.4 kg) ofingots, the manufacturer may overship up to a maximum of20 %. For orders up to and including 1000 lb (454 kg), themanufacturer may overship up to a maximum of 10 %. Thepermissible overshipment sha
16、ll be negotiated for orders largerthan 1000 lb (454 kg).7. Quality and Finish7.1 The manufacturer shall use care to have each lot of ingotmaterial as uniform in quality as possible.7.2 When specified, the ingots shall be conditioned on thesurface to standards agreed upon between the manufacturer and
17、the purchaser.7.3 Subsequent fabrication will be permitted. The differencebetween the maximum and minimum radius of the conditionedingot shall not exceed 20 % of the maximum radius. Lands,grooves, and local depressions shall be blended to a maximumangle of 30 to the axis of the ingot.7.4 Each ingot
18、shall be tested for soundness by nondestruc-tive test methods, such as dye penetrant or ultrasonic tests.Methods and acceptance standards shall be as mutually agreedupon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.7.5 Defects in the ingots that exceed the acceptance stan-dards shall be removed by cro
19、pping or surface conditioning,whichever is appropriate. The manufacturer shall be permittedto remove surface imperfections provided that after suchremoval the requirements of conditioning are met (7.2).7.6 The ingots shall be free of imperfections that would bedeemed injurious by the standards of ac
20、ceptability agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer.8. Sampling8.1 Care shall be exercised to ensure that the sampleselected for testing is representative of the material and that itis not contaminated by the sampling procedure. If there is anyquestion relating to the sampling techniqu
21、es or to the analysisthereof, the methods for sampling and analysis shall be asagreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.8.2 Sampling is typically performed at the top, middle andbottom of the ingot.9. Number of Tests and Retests9.1 Each ingot shall be tested for chemical composition.9.
22、2 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious surfacecontamination or improper preparation, disqualifying it as atruly representative sample, it shall be discarded and a newsample or specimen substituted.9.3 In case of failure, retest two additional specimens. Ifboth specimens conform to this specifi
23、cation, discard theoriginal values and consider the material acceptable; otherwisethe ingot shall be rejected or reworked and retested.10. Significance of Numerical Limits10.1 For the purpose of determining compliance with thespecified limits for requirements of the properties listed in thefollowing
24、 tables, an observed value or a calculated value shallbe rounded as indicated in accordance with the roundingmethod of Practice E29.11. Test Method11.1 Analysis shall be made using the manufacturers stan-dard methods. In the event of disagreement as to the chemicalTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsType 1
25、 (Reactor Type 2 (Commercial Type 3 (Reactor Type 4 (CommercialElement Grade Unalloyed Grade Unalloyed Grade Niobium1 % Grade Niobium1 %Niobium) Niobium) Zirconium) Zirconium)R04200 R04210 R04251 R04261Max Weight % (Except Where Otherwise Specified)Each Ingot:Carbon 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Nitrogen 0.01
26、0.01 0.01 0.01Oxygen 0.015 0.025 0.015 0.025Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015Zirconium 0.02 0.02 0.8 to 1.2 (range) 0.8 to 1.2 (range)Tantalum 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5Iron 0.005 0.01 0.005 0.01Silicon 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Tungsten 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05Nickel 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Molybdenum 0.010 0.020 0
27、.010 0.050Hafnium 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Titanium 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03When Specified:Boron 2 ppm . 2 ppm .Aluminum 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.005Beryllium 0.005 . 0.005 .Chromium 0.002 . 0.002 .Cobalt 0.002 . 0.002 .B391 182composition of the metal, methods of chemical analysis forreference purposes shall be de
28、termined by a mutually accept-able laboratory.11.2 Guide E2626 is recommended as a guide, whereapplicable.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in wr
29、iting. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.12.2 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturerand the purchaser on the conformance of the material to therequirements of this specification or any special test specifiedb
30、y the purchaser, a mutually acceptable referee shall performthe tests in question. The results of the referees testing shall beused in determining conformance of the material to thisspecification.13. Certification13.1 A producers or suppliers certification shall be fur-nished to the purchaser that t
31、he material was manufactured,sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with the specifi-cation and has been found to meet the requirements. Whenspecified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the testresults shall be furnished.14. Product Marking14.1 Each ingot shall be marked for identi
32、fication by metaldie stamping the manufacturers ingot number on the top of theingot. Each box or skid shall be marked or tabbed legibly andconspicuously with the number, type of material, ingotnumber(s), manufacturers identification, nominal size, and thegross, net, and tare weights.15. Packaging an
33、d Package Marking15.1 Unless otherwise specified, material purchased underthis specification must be boxed or banded on skids in such amanner as to secure safe delivery to their destination whenproperly transported by any common carrier.16. Keywords16.1 niobium; niobium alloy ingotsASTM Internationa
34、l takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their o
35、wn responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be a
36、ddressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,
37、at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 183
