1、Designation: B393 18Standard Specification forNiobium and Niobium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B393; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers five grades of wrought nio-bium and niobium alloy strip, sheet, and plate as follows:1.1.1 R04200-Type 1React
3、or grade unalloyed niobium,1.1.2 R04210-Type 2Commercial grade unalloyedniobium,1.1.3 R04251-Type 3Reactor grade niobium alloy contain-ing 1 % zirconium,1.1.4 R04261-Type 4Commercial grade niobium alloycontaining 1 % zirconium, and.1.1.5 R04220-Type 5RRR grade pure niobium.NOTE 1This grade of niobiu
4、m is used in superconducting applicationsthat require the ultra high purity. Because of the high purity the product isconducive to very large grains that can adversely affect formability. It isnot recommended for other applications.1.2 Except for dimensional tolerances in Table 1, the valuesstated i
5、n inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Thevalues given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SIunits that are provided for information only and are notconsidered standard.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion of this specification. This
6、standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 This in
7、ternational standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT
8、) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B391 Specification for Niobium and Niobium Alloy IngotsE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE2626 Guide for Spectrometric
9、Analysis of Reactive andRefractory Metals (Withdrawn 2017)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 lot, na lot shall consist of all material produced fromthe same ingot at one time, with the same cross section,processed with the same nominal metallurgical parameters an
10、dheat treated at the same conditions.3.1.2 plate, na flat product 6 in. (152.4 mm) or more inwidth and greater than316 in. (4.76 mm) in thickness.3.1.3 sheet, na flat product 6 in. (152.4 mm) or more inwidth and from 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) to316 in. (4.76 mm) inthickness.3.1.4 strip, na flat product, w
11、hich may be supplied in coil,less than 6 in. (152.4 mm) in width and from 0.005 in. (0.13mm) to316 in. (4.76 mm) in thickness.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-clude the following information as applicable:4.1.1 Type and grade (Section 1),4.1.2 ASTM de
12、signation and year of issue,4.1.3 Quantity in weight, number of pieces, and dimensions,4.1.4 Chemistry (6.3),4.1.5 Temper designation (Section 8),4.1.6 Permissible overshipment (9.3),4.1.7 Quality and finish (10.3),4.1.8 Sampling (11.2),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
13、 B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.03 on Niobium and Tantalum.Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B393 091which waswithdrawn January 2018 an
14、d reinstated in April 2018. DOI: 10.1520/B0393-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last a
15、pproved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizat
16、ion established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.1.9 Inspection (Section 15),4.1.10 Required reports (Section 17),4.1.11 Marking (Section 18),
17、and4.1.12 Additions to the specification and supplementaryrequirements, as required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Material covered by this specification shall be madefrom ingots that conform to Specification B391 and that areproduced by vacuum or plasma arc melting, vacuum electron-beam melting, o
18、r a combination of these three methods.5.2 The various niobium mill products covered by thisspecification are formed with the conventional extrusion,forging, swaging, rolling, and drawing equipment normallyavailable in metal working plants.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The niobium and niobium alloy in
19、gots and billets forconversion to finished products covered by this specificationshall conform to the requirements for chemical composition asprescribed in Table 2.6.2 The manufacturers ingot analysis shall be consideredthe chemical analysis for products supplied under thisspecification, except for
20、end product interstitials as specified in6.3. Alternately, an analysis of a representative sample of inprocess or final product from the same ingot may be specified.6.3 When requested by the purchaser at the time ofpurchase, the manufacturer shall furnish a report certifying thevalues of the interst
21、itial elements (C, O, N, H) on end productsas prescribed in Table 3 for each lot of material supplied. Endproduct interstitial samples must be taken after all thermal andchemical processing.6.4 Guide E2626 is recommended as a guide, where appli-cable.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 The annealed materi
22、als supplied under this specificationshall conform to the requirements for mechanical properties asspecified in Table 4.8. Temper Designations8.1 Unless otherwise stated, the materials supplied underthese specifications shall be in the fully annealed condition,that is, at least 90 % recrystallized.8
23、.2 Other temper designations, such as cold-worked temperor stress-relieved temper, can be specified as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer at the time ofpurchase.9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions and Weight9.1 Tolerances for thickness, width, and length for flat-rolled produc
24、ts covered by this specification shall be asprescribed in Table 1.9.2 Flatness tolerance for sheet and plate products suppliedunder this specification shall be a maximum of 6 % (2 % forRRR grade sheet and strip) as determined by the followingequation (see Fig. 1):Flatness, % 5 H/L! 3100 (1)TABLE 1 D
25、imensional Tolerances for Niobium Flat-Rolled ProductsThickness of Material,in. (mm) in lower tableTolerance on ThicknessAplus orminus, in. (mm) in lower tableTolerance on Width (slit)Bplus orminus, in.(mm) in lower tableTolerance on Sheared Lengths, in. (mm)Width under 6 in.or 152.4 mmWidth6to24in.
26、or 152.4 to609.6 mmWidth under 6 in.or 152.4 mmWidth6to24in.or 152.4 to609.6 mmLength 12 in. or 304.8 mmand underLength over 12 in. or 304.8 mmPlus Minus Plus MinusInches0.005 to 0.010 excl 0.0005 0.001 0.012 .116 0332 00.010 to 0.015 excl 0.0007 0.001 0.015 0.015116 0332 00.015 to 0.020 excl 0.0008
27、 0.0015 0.015 0.015116 0332 00.020 to 0.030 excl 0.0015 0.0025 0.020 0.025116 0332 00.030 to 0.060 excl 0.0025 0.0035 0.025 0.030116 0332 00.060 to 0.090 excl 0.004 0.005 0.025 0.035116 0332 00.090 to 0.125 excl 0.006 0.007 . .116 0332 00.125 to 0.187 excl 0.010 0.010 . .116 0332 00.187 to 0.250 exc
28、l 0.015 0.015 . .18 0532 00.250 to 0.312 excl 0.020 0.020 . .18 0532 00.312 to 0.375 excl 0.025 0.025 . .316 0732 0Millimetres0.13 to 0.254 excl 0.013 0.025 0.30 . 1.59 0 2.38 00.254 to 0.381 excl 0.018 0.025 0.38 0.38 1.59 0 2.38 00.381 to 0.508 excl 0.020 0.038 0.38 0.38 1.59 0 2.38 00.508 to 0.76
29、2 excl 0.038 0.064 0.51 0.64 1.59 0 2.38 00.762 to 1.524 excl 0.064 0.089 0.64 0.76 1.59 0 2.38 01.524 to 2.286 excl 0.102 0.127 0.64 0.89 1.59 0 2.38 02.286 to 3.175 excl 0.15 0.18 . . 1.59 0 2.38 03.175 to 4.75 excl 0.25 0.25 . . 1.59 0 2.38 04.75 to 6.35 excl 0.38 0.38 . . 3.18 0 3.97 06.35 to 7.
30、925 excl 0.51 0.51 . . 3.18 0 3.97 07.925 to 9.52 excl 0.64 0.64 . . 4.76 0 5.56 0ATolerance on thickness of sheet over 24 in. (610 mm) wide shall be 10 % of the thickness.BTolerance on width of sheared sheet shall be 116 in. (1.6 mm) and on sheared plate shall be 18 in. (3.2 mm) up to material thic
31、kness of 0.375 in. (9.5 mm).B393 182TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsElementType 1(ReactorGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04200Type 2(CommercialGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04210Type 3(ReactorGradeNiobium-1%Zirconium)R04251Type 4(CommercialGradeNiobium-1%Zirconium)R04261Type 5(RRRSuperconductingGrade PureNiobiumR04220
32、Max Weight % (Except Where Otherwise Specified)Each ingot:Carbon 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0030Nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0030Oxygen 0.015 0.025 0.015 0.025 0.0040Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0005Zirconium 0.02 0.02 0.8 to 1.2(range)0.8to1.2(range)0.010Tantalum 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.1Iron 0.00
33、5 0.01 0.005 0.01 0.005Silicon 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Tungsten 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.007Nickel 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.003Molybdenum 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.050AHafnium 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02ATitanium 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.005When specified:Boron 2 ppm . 2 ppm .Aluminum 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.005 0.00
34、5Beryllium 0.005 . 0.005 .Chromium 0.002 . 0.002 .BCobalt 0.002 . 0.002 .BAThe limits shown below are for information only when the RRR ratio is greater than 260.BTotal of these metals is 0.005 %.TABLE 3 Additional Chemical Requirements for Finished Product (When Specified by Purchaser)ElementType 1
35、(Reactor GradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04200Type 2(CommercialGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04210Type 3(ReactorGradeNiobium1 %Zirconium)R04251Type 4(CommercialGradeNiobium1 %Zirconium)R04261Type 5(RRRSuperconductingGrade PureNiobiumR04220Max Weight %Oxygen 0.0250 0.0400 0.0250 0.0400 0.0040Carbon 0.0100 0.0150 0.0
36、100 0.0150 0.0030Nitrogen 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0030Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0005TABLE 4 Mechanical PropertiesAfor Material, Annealed Condition(90 % Minimum Recrystallized)GradeUltimate TensileStrength, min,psi (MPa)Yield Strength(0.2 % offset),min, psi (MPa)Elongation in 1-in.
37、 (25.4-mm) gage length, min, %0.010 in. orGreaterLess Than0.010 in.Types 1 and 2 18 000 (125) 10 500 (73) 20 15Types 3 and 4 28 000 (195) 18 000 (125) 20 15Type 5 (RRRgrade)B14 000 (95) 7 200 (50) 30 30ARefer to Section 14 for conditions of mechanical tests.BFor RRR grade the difference between long
38、itudinal and transverse samples shallnot exceed 20 % of the average of the two.B393 183where:H = maximum vertical distance between a flat reference andthe lower surface of the sheet, andL = minimum horizontal distance between the highest pointon a sheet and the point of contact with a flat reference
39、surface. (Fig. 1 is included to illustrate the method fortaking measurements for calculation of sheet flatness.However, a value of H less than132 in. (0.070 mm) shallnot be cause for rejection.)9.3 Quantity or WeightFor orders requiring up to 100 lb(45.4 kg) of finished product, the manufacturer may
40、 overshipby 20 %. When the order is for quantities up to 1000 lb (453.6kg), the manufacturer may overship by 10 %. The permissibleovershipment shall be negotiated for orders larger than thisquantity.10. Quality and Finish10.1 Finished niobium and niobium alloy strip, sheet, andplate shall be free of
41、 injurious internal and external imperfec-tions of a nature that will interfere with the purpose for whichit was intended. Material may be finished as rolled, as cleaned,or as ground. If shipped as hot-worked, cold-worked, cleaned,or ground, the manufacturer shall be permitted to removeminor surface
42、 imperfections, if such removal does not reducethe dimensions below the minimum permitted by the tolerancesspecified in Table 1.10.2 The finished strip, sheet, or plate shall be visibly free ofoxide, grease, oil, residual lubricants, and other extraneousmaterials.10.3 Methods of testing for these de
43、fects and standards ofacceptability shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturerand the purchaser.11. Sampling11.1 Samples for chemical and mechanical testing shall betaken from the finished material after all metallurgical process-ing to determine conformity to this specification. The samplesma
44、y be taken prior to final inspection and minor surfaceconditioning by abrasion and pickling shall be representative ofthe finished product.11.2 Care shall be exercised to ensure that the sampleselected for testing is representative of the material and that itis not contaminated by the sampling proce
45、dure. If there is anyquestion relating to the sampling technique or the analysisthereof, the methods of sampling and analysis shall be asagreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.12. Number of Tests and Retests12.1 Aminimum of one sample from each lot of strip, sheet,or plate shall be t
46、ested for tensile properties. For RRR grade,two samples from each lot, one longitudinal and onetransverse, shall be tested for tensile properties.12.2 If end-product chemical tests are required (6.3), onechemical test shall be made from each lot of finished product.12.3 RetestsIf any sample or speci
47、men exhibits obvioussurface contamination or improper preparation, disqualifying itas a truly representative sample, it shall be discarded and a newsample or specimen substituted.12.3.1 In case of a failure, retest two additional specimens.If both retest specimens conform to this specification, disc
48、ardthe original values and consider the material acceptable;otherwise, the lot shall be rejected or reworked and tested.12.4 ReworkIf the results of the final sheet, strip, or plateinspections are not in conformance with the requirements ofthis specification, the lot may be reworked at the option of
49、 theH=maximum distance between flat surface and lower surface of sheet.L=minimum distance between highest point on sheet and point of contact with flat surface.Flatness, percent = (H/L) x 100FIG. 1 Plate and Sheet Flatness TolerancesB393 184manufacturer. The lot shall be acceptable if the results of alltests, after reworking, conform to this specification.13. Significance of Numerical Limits13.1 For the purposes of determining compliance with thespecified limits for requirements of the properties listed in thisspecification, an
