1、Designation: B415 98 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Specification forHard-Drawn Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B415; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers four conductivities of b
3、are,hard-drawn, round, aluminum-clad steel wire for general usefor electrical purposes in sizes 0.2043 to 0.0808 in. incl (4 to 12AWG) (Note 1). This specification does not apply to wires usedas reinforcement in ACSR conductors. (See SpecificationB502.)NOTE 1Wire ordered to this specification is not
4、 intended for redraw-ing. If wire is desired for this purpose, the manufacturer shall beconsulted.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not conside
5、red standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on thedate of material purchase form a part of this Specification to theextent referenced herein.2.2 ASTM Standards:2B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsB502 Specification for Aluminum
6、-Clad Steel Core Wire forUse in Overhead Electrical Aluminum Conductors3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Quantity and conductivity of each size,3.1.2 Wire size: diameter in inches (see 7.1 and Table 1),3.1.3 Method of
7、 measuring elongation if other than 5.3(optional),3.1.4 Special package marking if required (Section 16), and3.1.5 Package size (see 17.1), and3.1.6 Place of inspection if other than place of manufacture(Section 14).4. Material4.1 The wire shall be composed of a steel core with asubstantially unifor
8、m and continuous aluminum covering thor-oughly bonded to it. The drawn wire shall have the propertiesand characteristics prescribed in this specification.5. Tensile Properties5.1 The wire shall conform to the tensile requirementsprescribed in Table 1 (Note 2). In computing tensile strength,the actua
9、l diameter of the finished wire shall be used.NOTE 2The approximate properties of standard AWG sizes ofhard-drawn aluminum-clad steel wire are shown in Table 2 for theinformation of the user of this specification.5.2 Wire of a nominal diameter that exceeds a size listed inTable 1 shall conform to th
10、e tensile requirements of the nextlarger diameter.5.3 Elongation shall be determined by an extensometersuitable for measuring elongation in 10 in. (250 mm) andequipped with a vernier reading to 0.01 in. (0.25 mm). It shallbe attached to the test specimen at a tensile load of 10 % of therated strengt
11、h. The elongation shall be observed while applyinga tension load to the specimen. The reading at the time offracture shall be taken as the elongation of the specimen. Theelongation thus determined shall be not less than 1.5 % in 10in. Tests shall be disregarded in which the extensometerreading is le
12、ss than 1.5 % and in which the fracture does notoccur between the extensometer attachments and at least 1 in.(25.0 mm) from the two attachments. In this case anothersample from the same reel or coil shall be tested.5.4 When agreed upon by the manufacturer and thepurchaser, the elongation may be dete
13、rmined by measurementsmade between the jaws of the testing machine. The zero lengthshall be the distance between the jaws when a load equal to10 % of the specified tensile strength shall have been appliedand the final length shall be the distance between the jaws atthe time of rupture. The zero leng
14、th shall be as near 60 in. (1.52m) as practicable. The elongation thus determined shall be not1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 onElectrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.06 onComposite Conductors.Current edition approved April 1, 2
15、013. Published April 2013. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as B415 98 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/B0415-98R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume i
16、nformation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1less than 1.4 %. Tests in which the elongation is less than 1.4 %and in which the fracture occurs at or within
17、 1 in. (25.4 mm)of the jaws shall be disregarded. In this case another samplefrom the same reel or coil shall be tested.6. Resistance6.1 The electrical resistance of the wire (Note 2 and Note 3)shall be determined by resistance measurements and maximumresistance shall be based on the nominal diamete
18、r of the wireand the resistivity value of:51.01 cmil/ft at 20C for 20.3 % Conductivity38.41cmil/ft at 20C for 27 % Conductivity34.57 cmil/ft at 20C for 30 % Conductivity25.93 cmil/ft at 20C for 40 % ConductivityNOTE 3Electrical resistance is calculated by the following equation:Resistance, /ft 5 Res
19、istivity cmil/ft!/nominal diameter, mils!26.2 When resistance measurements are made at tempera-tures other than 20C, corrections shall be based on thecorresponding temperature coefficient of resistance shown inTable 2.6.3 The electrical resistivity of the material shall be deter-mined in accordance
20、with Test Method B193.7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations7.1 The size shall be expressed by the wire diameter indecimal fractions of an inch to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.0025mm), that is, in tenths of mils.7.2 Within the range of diameters included in Table 3, thewire shall not vary from the sp
21、ecified diameter by more thanthe amounts shown in this table. In computing permissiblevariations, diameters shall be rounded to the nearest 0.0001 in.(0.0025 mm).7.3 If accessible, one diameter measurement shall be takennear each end and one near the middle of the coil or reel. In thecase of reels,
22、the center and one end may not be accessible andthe prescribed diameter measurement shall be taken along thelength of the accessible material. If any of the selected coils orreels fail to conform to the requirements for diameter asprescribed in 7.2, all coils or reels shall be measured in themanner
23、specified.8. Thickness of Aluminum8.1 The aluminum thickness at any point shall be not lessthan stated in Table 4. Measurements shall be read to theclosest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm). In determining the required ormeasured thickness, 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm) or less shall bedropped. For greater than 0.0005 i
24、n., the next larger 0.001 in.shall be used. Measurements shall be made by (a) usingsuitable electrical indicating instruments operating on thepermeameter principle, or (b) direct measurement. For refereepurposes, direct measurement shall be used to determinealuminum thickness on specimens taken from
25、 the ends of thecoils.9. Twist Test9.1 The wire shall withstand without fracture not less than20 twists in a length equivalent to 100 times the nominaldiameter of the wire. In this test the specimen shall be grippedTABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsNominalDiameter, in.Size,AWG20 % 27 % 30 % 40 %psi MPa ps
26、i MPa psi MPa psi MPa0.2043 4 155 000 1070 125 000 862 102 000 703 80 000 5520.1880 160 000 1100 129 000 889 106 000 731 84 000 5790.1819 5 165 000 1140 133 000 917 110 000 758 88 000 6070.1729 170 000 1170 137 000 945 114 000 786 92 000 6340.1620 6 175 000 1210 141 000 972 114 000 786 96 000 6620.1
27、549 180 000 1240 145 000 1000 118 000 814 96 000 6620.1443 7 185 000 1280 150 000 1034 122 000 841 98 000 6760.1369 190 000 1310 154 000 1062 126 000 869 98 000 6760.1285 8 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 6860.1144 9 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 6860.1019 10 195 000 1340
28、 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 6860.0907 11 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 6860.0808 12 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 686TABLE 2 Physical Constants%ConductivityDensity at20CModulus ofElasticity psiCoef. of LinearExp.TemperatureCoef. ofResistance20.3 0.2381 lb/in3(6.590
29、 g/cm3)23.5 106(162 GPa)0.0000072/F(0.0000126/C)0.0020/F(0.0036/C)27 0.2135 lb/in3(5.91 g/cm3)20.3 106(140 GPa)0.0000077/F(0.0000134/C)0.0020/F(0.0036/C)30 0.2027 lb/in3(5.61 g/cm3)19.1 106(132 GPa)0.0000079/F(0.0000138/C)0.0021/F(0.0038/C)40 0.1676 lb/in3(4.64 g/cm3)15.8 106(109 GPa)0.0000089/F(0.0
30、000155/C)0.0022/F(0.0040/C)TABLE 3 Wire Diameter VariationsSpecified Diameter, in.Permissible Variations inSpecified Diameter,plus and minus0.2043 to 0.1000, incl 1.5 %0.1000 to 0.0800, incl 0.0015 in. (1.5 mils) (0.038 mm)TABLE 4 Aluminum Thickness% Conductivity % of Nominal Wire Radius20.3 10 % mi
31、n.27 14 % min.30 15 % min.40 25 % min.B415 98 (2013)2at its ends in vises, one of which shall be free to movelongitudinally during the test. A small tensile load of approxi-mately 15 lb (67 N) shall be applied to the specimen duringtesting. The specimen shall be twisted by rotating one of thevises a
32、t a rate of approximately 15 twists per minute in thesame direction until fracture occurs. The number of twists shallbe indicated by a counter or other suitable device.9.2 Specimens after twisting to destruction shall not revealany seams, pits, slivers, or surface imperfections of sufficientmagnitud
33、e to indicate inherent defects or imperfections in thewire. Examination of the wire at the break shall show noseparation of the aluminum from the steel.10. Density10.1 For the purpose of calculating mass per unit length,cross sections, etc., the density of the wire shall be taken asstated in Table 2
34、. Other constants are given in Table 2 andTable 5.NOTE 4The value of the density of aluminum-clad steel wire is anaverage value which has been found in accordance with usual valuesencountered in practice.11. Joints11.1 The finished wire shall contain no joints or splices.NOTE 5Mechanical joints made
35、 during inspection at the request of thepurchaser are permissible if agreed upon at the time of placing the order.12. Finish12.1 The surface of the wire shall be smooth and free ofimperfections not consistent with good commercial practice.13. Number of Tests13.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon between
36、the manufac-turer and the purchaser at the time of purchase, one testspecimen shall be taken from each lot of 10 coils of finishedwire, and tested to determine compliance with Sections 5through 9 before splitting into individual coils.TABLE 5 Approximate Properties of Hard-Drawn 20.3 % Conductivity
37、Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire (for Information Only)NominalDiameter,in.Size,AWGBreaking Strength, min, Mass per Unit LengthResistanceat 20C,max, /1000 ftNominal Cross Sectionlb kn lb/1000 ft lb/mile cmils in.20.2043 4 5 081 22.6 93.63 494.3 1.222 41 740 0.032780.1819 5 4 290 18.1 74.25 392.0 1.541 33 090
38、 0.025990.1620 6 3 608 16.0 58.88 310.9 1.943 26 240 0.020610.1443 7 3 025 13.5 46.69 246.6 2.450 20 820 0.016350.1285 8 2 529 11.2 37.03 195.6 3.089 16 510 0.012970.1144 9 2 005 8.92 29.37 155.1 3.896 13 090 0.010280.1019 10 1 590 7.07 23.29 123.0 4.912 10 380 0.008160.0907 11 1 261 5.61 18.47 97.5
39、2 6.194 8 230 0.006460.0808 12 1 000 4.45 14.65 77.33 7.811 6 530 0.00513Approximate Properties of Hard-Drawn 27 % Conductivity Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire (for Information Only)0.2043 4 4 098 18.2 84.00 443.5 0.920 41 740 0.032780.1819 5 3 457 15.4 66.59 351.6 1.161 33 090 0.025990.1620 6 2 906 12.9 5
40、2.80 278.8 1.464 26 240 0.020610.1443 7 2 453 10.9 41.89 221.2 1.845 20 820 0.016350.1285 8 2 023 9.00 33.22 175.4 2.326 16 510 0.012970.1144 9 1 604 7.13 26.34 139.1 2.934 13 090 0.010280.1019 10 1 272 5.66 20.89 110.3 3.700 10 380 0.008160.0907 11 1 008 4.48 16.55 87.4 4.667 8 230 0.006460.0808 12
41、 800 3.56 13.14 69.4 5.882 6 530 0.00513Approximate Properties of Hard-Drawn 30 % Conductivity Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire (for Information Only)0.2043 4 3 344 14.9 79.73 421.0 0.828 41 740 0.032780.1819 5 2 859 12.7 63.21 333.7 1.045 33 090 0.025990.1620 6 2 350 10.5 50.13 264.7 1.317 26 240 0.020610.
42、1443 7 1 995 8.87 39.77 210.0 1.660 20 820 0.016350.1285 8 1 660 7.38 31.55 166.6 2.094 16 510 0.012970.1144 9 1 316 5.85 25.00 132.0 2.642 13 090 0.010280.1019 10 1 044 4.47 19.84 104.8 3.329 10 380 0.008160.0907 11 827 3.68 15.71 82.9 4.203 8 230 0.006460.0808 12 657 2.92 12.48 65.9 5.295 6 530 0.
43、00513Approximate Properties of Hard-Drawn 40 % Conductivity Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire (for Information Only)0.2043 4 2 622 11.7 65.93 348.1 0.621 41 740 0.032780.1819 5 2 287 10.2 52.27 276.0 0.784 33 090 0.025990.1620 6 1 979 8.80 41.44 218.8 0.988 26 240 0.020610.1443 7 1 602 7.13 32.88 173.6 1.245
44、 20 820 0.016350.1285 8 1 290 5.74 26.08 137.7 1.571 16 510 0.012970.1144 9 1 023 4.55 20.68 109.2 1.981 13 090 0.010280.1019 10 811 3.61 16.40 86.6 2.498 10 380 0.008160.0907 11 643 2.86 12.99 68.6 3.151 8 230 0.006460.0808 12 510 2.27 10.32 54.5 3.971 6 530 0.00513B415 98 (2013)314. Inspection14.1
45、 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer shall be responsible for the perfor-mance of all inspection and test requirements specified.14.2 All inspections and tests shall be made at the place ofmanufacture unless otherwise especially agreed to between themanufact
46、urer and the purchaser at the time of the purchase.14.3 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-ing the purchaser all reasonable manufacturers facilities tosatisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordancewith this specification.15. Rejection15.1 If the wire fails in the f
47、irst test to meet any require-ments of this specification, two additional tests for theserequirements shall be made on samples of wire from the samecoil or reel. If failure occurs in either of these tests, the lot ofwire shall be rejected. However, the lot may be resubmitted forinspection by testing
48、 every coil or reel for the requirementwhich caused the specimen to fail and rejecting the defectivecoils or reels.16. Product Marking16.1 A weather-resistant tag shall be attached to the outsideof each coil or reel showing the manufacturers name ortrademark with the net mass and size of wire. If ad
49、ditionalinformation is required on the tags, this shall be arranged withthe manufacturer at the time of purchase. Each coil shall alsohave a tag inside the wrapping showing the manufacturersname, net mass, and size of wire.17. Packaging and Shipping17.1 Package sizes shall be agreed upon by the manufac-turer and the purchaser in the placing of individual purchaseorders.17.2 The wire shall be protected against damage in ordinaryhandling and shipping.18. Keywords18.1 aluminum-clad; aluminum-clad steel wire; steel wireASTM Internat
