1、Designation: B 415 98 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Specification forHard-Drawn Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 415; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers four conductivities o
3、f bare,hard-drawn, round, aluminum-clad steel wire for general usefor electrical purposes in sizes 0.2043 to 0.0808 in. incl (4 to 12AWG) (Note 1). This specification does not apply to wires usedas reinforcement in ACSR conductors. (See SpecificationB 502.)NOTE 1Wire ordered to this specification is
4、 not intended for redraw-ing. If wire is desired for this purpose, the manufacturer shall beconsulted.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound unitsmay be approximate.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the is
5、sue in effect on thedate of material purchase form a part of this Specification to theextent referenced herein.2.2 ASTM Standards:2B 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsB 502 Specification forAluminum-Clad Steel Core Wire forAluminum Conductors, Aluminum-Clad Steel Reinfo
6、rced3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Quantity and conductivity of each size,3.1.2 Wire size: diameter in inches (see 7.1 and Table 1),3.1.3 Method of measuring elongation if other than 5.3(optional),3.1.4 Special pac
7、kage marking if required (Section 16), and3.1.5 Package size (see 17.1), and3.1.6 Place of inspection if other than place of manufacture(Section 14).4. Material4.1 The wire shall be composed of a steel core with asubstantially uniform and continuous aluminum covering thor-oughly bonded to it. The dr
8、awn wire shall have the propertiesand characteristics prescribed in this specification.5. Tensile Properties5.1 The wire shall conform to the tensile requirementsprescribed in Table 1 (Note 2). In computing tensile strength,the actual diameter of the finished wire shall be used.NOTE 2The approximate
9、 properties of standard AWG sizes of hard-drawn aluminum-clad steel wire are shown in Table 2 for the informationof the user of this specification.5.2 Wire of a nominal diameter that exceeds a size listed inTable 1 shall conform to the tensile requirements of the nextlarger diameter.5.3 Elongation s
10、hall be determined by an extensometersuitable for measuring elongation in 10 in. (250 mm) andequipped with a vernier reading to 0.01 in. (0.25 mm). It shallbe attached to the test specimen at a tensile load of 10 % of therated strength. The elongation shall be observed while applyinga tension load t
11、o the specimen. The reading at the time offracture shall be taken as the elongation of the specimen. Theelongation thus determined shall be not less than 1.5 % in 10in. Tests shall be disregarded in which the extensometerreading is less than 1.5 % and in which the fracture does notoccur between the
12、extensometer attachments and at least 1 in.(25.0 mm) from the two attachments. In this case anothersample from the same reel or coil shall be tested.5.4 When agreed upon by the manufacturer and the pur-chaser, the elongation may be determined by measurementsmade between the jaws of the testing machi
13、ne. The zero lengthshall be the distance between the jaws when a load equal to10 % of the specified tensile strength shall have been appliedand the final length shall be the distance between the jaws atthe time of rupture. The zero length shall be as near 60 in. (1.52m) as practicable. The elongatio
14、n thus determined shall be notless than 1.4 %. Tests in which the elongation is less than 1.4 %1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 onElectrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.06 onComposite Conductors.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2
15、007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as B 415 98 (2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to t
16、he standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.and in which the fracture occurs at or within 1 in. (25.4 mm)of the jaws shall be disregarded. In this case another samplefrom the
17、same reel or coil shall be tested.6. Resistance6.1 The electrical resistance of the wire (Note 2 and Note 3)shall be determined by resistance measurements and maximumresistance shall be based on the nominal diameter of the wireand the resistivity value of:51.01 Vcmil/ft at 20C for 20.3 % Conductivit
18、y38.41Vcmil/ft at 20C for 27 % Conductivity34.57 Vcmil/ft at 20C for 30 % Conductivity25.93 Vcmil/ft at 20C for 40 % ConductivityNOTE 3Electrical resistance is calculated by the following equation:Resistance, V/ft 5 Resistivity Vcmil/ft!/nominal diameter, mils!26.2 When resistance measurements are m
19、ade at tempera-tures other than 20C, corrections shall be based on thecorresponding temperature coefficient of resistance shown inTable 2.6.3 The electrical resistivity of the material shall be deter-mined in accordance with Test Method B 193.7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations7.1 The size shal
20、l be expressed by the wire diameter indecimal fractions of an inch to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.0025mm), that is, in tenths of mils.7.2 Within the range of diameters included in Table 3, thewire shall not vary from the specified diameter by more thanthe amounts shown in this table. In computing perm
21、issiblevariations, diameters shall be rounded to the nearest 0.0001 in.(0.0025 mm).7.3 If accessible, one diameter measurement shall be takennear each end and one near the middle of the coil or reel. In thecase of reels, the center and one end may not be accessible andthe prescribed diameter measure
22、ment shall be taken along thelength of the accessible material. If any of the selected coils orreels fail to conform to the requirements for diameter asprescribed in 7.2, all coils or reels shall be measured in themanner specified.8. Thickness of Aluminum8.1 The aluminum thickness at any point shall
23、 be not lessthan stated in Table 4. Measurements shall be read to theclosest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm). In determining the required ormeasured thickness, 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm) or less shall bedropped. For greater than 0.0005 in., the next larger 0.001 in.shall be used. Measurements shall be made by (a) u
24、singsuitable electrical indicating instruments operating on thepermeameter principle, or (b) direct measurement. For refereepurposes, direct measurement shall be used to determinealuminum thickness on specimens taken from the ends of thecoils.9. Twist Test9.1 The wire shall withstand without fractur
25、e not less than20 twists in a length equivalent to 100 times the nominaldiameter of the wire. In this test the specimen shall be grippedTABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsNominalDiameter, in.Size,AWG20 % 27 % 30 % 40 %psi MPa psi MPa psi MPa psi MPa0.2043 4 155 000 1070 125 000 862 102 000 703 80 000 5520.
26、1880 160 000 1100 129 000 889 106 000 731 84 000 5790.1819 5 165 000 1140 133 000 917 110 000 758 88 000 6070.1729 170 000 1170 137 000 945 114 000 786 92 000 6340.1620 6 175 000 1210 141 000 972 114 000 786 96 000 6620.1549 180 000 1240 145 000 1000 118 000 814 96 000 6620.1443 7 185 000 1280 150 0
27、00 1034 122 000 841 98 000 6760.1369 190 000 1310 154 000 1062 126 000 869 98 000 6760.1285 8 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 6860.1144 9 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 6860.1019 10 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 6860.0907 11 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000
28、 883 99 500 6860.0808 12 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 686TABLE 2 Physical Constants%ConductivityDensity at20CModulus ofElasticity psiCoef. of LinearExp.TemperatureCoef. ofResistance20.3 0.2381 lb/in3(6.590 g/cm3)23.5 3 106(162 GPa)0.0000072/F(0.0000126/C)0.0020/F(0.0036/C)27 0.2135 l
29、b/in3(5.91 g/cm3)20.3 3 106(140 GPa)0.0000077/F(0.0000134/C)0.0020/F(0.0036/C)30 0.2027 lb/in3(5.61 g/cm3)19.1 3 106(132 GPa)0.0000079/F(0.0000138/C)0.0021/F(0.0038/C)40 0.1676 lb/in3(4.64 g/cm3)15.8 3 106(109 GPa)0.0000089/F(0.0000155/C)0.0022/F(0.0040/C)TABLE 3 Wire Diameter VariationsSpecified Di
30、ameter, in.Permissible Variations inSpecified Diameter,plus and minus0.2043 to 0.1000, incl 1.5 %0.1000 to 0.0800, incl 0.0015 in. (1.5 mils) (0.038 mm)TABLE 4 Aluminum Thickness% Conductivity % of Nominal Wire Radius20.3 10 % min.27 14 % min.30 15 % min.40 25 % min.B 415 98 (2007)2at its ends in vi
31、ses, one of which shall be free to movelongitudinally during the test. A small tensile load of approxi-mately 15 lb (67 N) shall be applied to the specimen duringtesting. The specimen shall be twisted by rotating one of thevises at a rate of approximately 15 twists per minute in thesame direction un
32、til fracture occurs. The number of twists shallbe indicated by a counter or other suitable device.9.2 Specimens after twisting to destruction shall not revealany seams, pits, slivers, or surface imperfections of sufficientmagnitude to indicate inherent defects or imperfections in thewire. Examinatio
33、n of the wire at the break shall show noseparation of the aluminum from the steel.10. Density10.1 For the purpose of calculating mass per unit length,cross sections, etc., the density of the wire shall be taken asstated in Table 2. Other constants are given in Table 2 andTable 5.NOTE 4The value of t
34、he density of aluminum-clad steel wire is anaverage value which has been found in accordance with usual valuesencountered in practice.11. Joints11.1 The finished wire shall contain no joints or splices.NOTE 5Mechanical joints made during inspection at the request of theTABLE 5 Approximate Properties
35、 of Hard-Drawn 20.3 % Conductivity Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire (for Information Only)NominalDiameter,in.Size,AWGBreaking Strength, min, Mass per Unit LengthResistanceat 20C,max, V/1000 ftNominal Cross Sectionlb kn lb/1000 ft lb/mile cmils in.20.2043 4 5 081 22.6 93.63 494.3 1.222 41 740 0.032780.1819 5
36、 4 290 18.1 74.25 392.0 1.541 33 090 0.025990.1620 6 3 608 16.0 58.88 310.9 1.943 26 240 0.020610.1443 7 3 025 13.5 46.69 246.6 2.450 20 820 0.016350.1285 8 2 529 11.2 37.03 195.6 3.089 16 510 0.012970.1144 9 2 005 8.92 29.37 155.1 3.896 13 090 0.010280.1019 10 1 590 7.07 23.29 123.0 4.912 10 380 0.
37、008160.0907 11 1 261 5.61 18.47 97.52 6.194 8 230 0.006460.0808 12 1 000 4.45 14.65 77.33 7.811 6 530 0.00513Approximate Properties of Hard-Drawn 27 % Conductivity Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire (for Information Only)0.2043 4 4 098 18.2 84.00 443.5 0.920 41 740 0.032780.1819 5 3 457 15.4 66.59 351.6 1.161
38、 33 090 0.025990.1620 6 2 906 12.9 52.80 278.8 1.464 26 240 0.020610.1443 7 2 453 10.9 41.89 221.2 1.845 20 820 0.016350.1285 8 2 023 9.00 33.22 175.4 2.326 16 510 0.012970.1144 9 1 604 7.13 26.34 139.1 2.934 13 090 0.010280.1019 10 1 272 5.66 20.89 110.3 3.700 10 380 0.008160.0907 11 1 008 4.48 16.
39、55 87.4 4.667 8 230 0.006460.0808 12 800 3.56 13.14 69.4 5.882 6 530 0.00513Approximate Properties of Hard-Drawn 30 % Conductivity Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire (for Information Only)0.2043 4 3 344 14.9 79.73 421.0 0.828 41 740 0.032780.1819 5 2 859 12.7 63.21 333.7 1.045 33 090 0.025990.1620 6 2 350 10.
40、5 50.13 264.7 1.317 26 240 0.020610.1443 7 1 995 8.87 39.77 210.0 1.660 20 820 0.016350.1285 8 1 660 7.38 31.55 166.6 2.094 16 510 0.012970.1144 9 1 316 5.85 25.00 132.0 2.642 13 090 0.010280.1019 10 1 044 4.47 19.84 104.8 3.329 10 380 0.008160.0907 11 827 3.68 15.71 82.9 4.203 8 230 0.006460.0808 1
41、2 657 2.92 12.48 65.9 5.295 6 530 0.00513Approximate Properties of Hard-Drawn 40 % Conductivity Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire (for Information Only)0.2043 4 2 622 11.7 65.93 348.1 0.621 41 740 0.032780.1819 5 2 287 10.2 52.27 276.0 0.784 33 090 0.025990.1620 6 1 979 8.80 41.44 218.8 0.988 26 240 0.020610
42、.1443 7 1 602 7.13 32.88 173.6 1.245 20 820 0.016350.1285 8 1 290 5.74 26.08 137.7 1.571 16 510 0.012970.1144 9 1 023 4.55 20.68 109.2 1.981 13 090 0.010280.1019 10 811 3.61 16.40 86.6 2.498 10 380 0.008160.0907 11 643 2.86 12.99 68.6 3.151 8 230 0.006460.0808 12 510 2.27 10.32 54.5 3.971 6 530 0.00
43、513B 415 98 (2007)3purchaser are permissible if agreed upon at the time of placing the order.12. Finish12.1 The surface of the wire shall be smooth and free ofimperfections not consistent with good commercial practice.13. Number of Tests13.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufac-turer and
44、 the purchaser at the time of purchase, one testspecimen shall be taken from each lot of 10 coils of finishedwire, and tested to determine compliance with Sections 5through 9 before splitting into individual coils.14. Inspection14.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the ma
45、nufacturer shall be responsible for the perfor-mance of all inspection and test requirements specified.14.2 All inspections and tests shall be made at the place ofmanufacture unless otherwise especially agreed to between themanufacturer and the purchaser at the time of the purchase.14.3 The manufact
46、urer shall afford the inspector represent-ing the purchaser all reasonable manufacturers facilities tosatisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordancewith this specification.15. Rejection15.1 If the wire fails in the first test to meet any require-ments of this specification, two addit
47、ional tests for theserequirements shall be made on samples of wire from the samecoil or reel. If failure occurs in either of these tests, the lot ofwire shall be rejected. However, the lot may be resubmitted forinspection by testing every coil or reel for the requirementwhich caused the specimen to
48、fail and rejecting the defectivecoils or reels.16. Product Marking16.1 A weather-resistant tag shall be attached to the outsideof each coil or reel showing the manufacturers name ortrademark with the net mass and size of wire. If additionalinformation is required on the tags, this shall be arranged
49、withthe manufacturer at the time of purchase. Each coil shall alsohave a tag inside the wrapping showing the manufacturersname, net mass, and size of wire.17. Packaging and Shipping17.1 Package sizes shall be agreed upon by the manufac-turer and the purchaser in the placing of individual purchaseorders.17.2 The wire shall be protected against damage in ordinaryhandling and shipping.18. Keywords18.1 aluminum-clad; aluminum-clad steel wire; steel wireASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in con
