1、Designation: B417 11Standard Test Method forApparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Usingthe Carney Funnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theapparent density of non-free-flowing metal powders. It is
3、designed for those metal powders that do not freely flowthrough the Hall flowmeter funnel.1.2 With the exception of the values for density and themass used to determine density, for which the use of the gramper cubic centimeter (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the v
4、alues in inch-pound units are tobe regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only, and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
5、 use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B215 Practices for Sampling Metal PowdersB243 Terminology of Powder Meta
6、llurgyB873 Test Method for Measuring Volume of ApparentDensity Cup Used in Test Methods B 212, B 329, and B4173. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms in Terminology B243 are applicableto this test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Avolume of powder is permitted to flow into a containerof definite volum
7、e under controlled conditions. The mass ofpowder per unit volume is determined and reported as apparentdensity, Carney (ADC)5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of animportant physical characteristic of a powder known as theapparent density. The measured appare
8、nt density bears arelationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volumedie cavity. The degree of correlation between the results of thistest and the performance of powders during use may vary witheach particular application. Note, however, that the presence ofmoisture, oils, stearic acid,
9、 stearates, waxes, and the tempera-ture of the powder mass may alter the physical characteristicsof the powder.6. Apparatus6.1 Powder Flowmeter3A Carney Flowmeter(Fig. 1).6.2 Density Cup3A cylindrical brass cup (Fig. 2) having acapacity of 25 cm3. The actual cup volume shall be determinedaccording t
10、o Test Method B873.6.3 StandA stand (Fig. 1) to support the powder funnelconcentric with the density cup so that the bottom of thepowder funnel is approximately 25 mm (1 in.) above the top ofthe density cup when the apparatus is assembled as shown inFig. 1.6.4 WorkbenchA level, vibration-free table
11、or workbenchto support the powder flowmeter stand.6.5 Balance, readable to 0.001 g, with a minimum capacityof 200 g capable of determining the mass to the nearest 0.01 g.6.6 Wire, approximately 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) in diameter by150 mm (6 in.) in length.6.7 Spatula or straight edgeA non-magnetic spatul
12、a orstraight edge of suitable dimensions for leveling off the excesspowder on top of the density cup.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on MetalPowders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.Current edit
13、ion approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B417 00(2006)E01.DOI: 10.1520/B0417-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book o
14、f ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the flowmeter funnel, density cup, and standknown to the committee at this time is Acu Powder International, LLC. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide
15、 this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
16、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Test Specimen7.1 The test portion shall consist of a volume of approxi-mately 30 to 40 cm3of metal powder obtained in accordancewith Practices B215.7.2 The test portion shall be tested as sampled. Note,however, that temperature, moisture,
17、oils, stearic acid, stear-ates, waxes, and so forth may alter the characteristics of thepowder.8. Procedure8.1 Weigh the empty density cup to the nearest 0.01 g or,alternatively, place the empty density cup on the balance andtare the balance to zero.8.2 Load the test specimen carefully into the flow
18、meterfunnel and permit it to run into the density cup through thedischarge orifice. If necessary, it may be agitated or pushed byuse of the length of wire but take care to prevent the wire fromentering the density cup. The density cup should not be movedduring the filling operation.8.3 When the powd
19、er completely fills and overflows theperiphery of the density cup, rotate the funnel approximately90 in a horizontal plane so that the remaining powder fallsaway from the cup.8.4 Using a nonmagnetic spatula, or straight edge, with theblade held perpendicular to the top of the cup, level off thepowde
20、r flush with the top of the density cup. Take care to avoidjarring the apparatus at any time.8.5 After the leveling operation, tap the density cup lightlyon the side to settle the powder to avoid spilling in transfer.8.6 Transfer the filled density cup to the balance and weighto the nearest 0.01 g t
21、o determine the mass (M) of powder.8.7 More than one apparent density test may be run ifdesired. Use a fresh test portion of powder for each test.Average the apparent density values.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the apparent density as follows:Apparent density ADc, g/cm35 M/V (1)where:M = mass of powd
22、er in the density cup in grams andV = volume of the density cup in cubic centimetres.10. Report10.1 Report the results as apparent density, Carney (ADc),to the nearest 0.01 g/cm3.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notbeen determined by a statistically valid int
23、erlaboratory test.Results obtained by eight laboratories testing a sample of tinpowder suggest the following:11.1.1 Repeatability r = 1 % (tin powder)Duplicateanalysis of a tin powder by the same operator and sameapparatus should not differ by more than 1 % at the 95 %confidence level.11.1.2 Reprodu
24、cibilityR=4%(tin powder)The differ-ence between two single and independent results obtained bydifferent operators working in different laboratories on tinpowder should not differ by more than 4 % at the 95 %confidence level.11.1.3 Measurement Uncertainty The precision of TestMethod B417 shall be con
25、sidered by those performing the testwhen reporting Carney apparent density test results.11.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe procedures in Test Methods B417 for measuring the Carneyapparent density because no material having an acceptedreference value is available.12. Keywords1
26、2.1 apparent density; Carney; flowmeter funnel; metalpowdersFIG. 1 Carney Flowmeter Funnel and StandFIG. 2 Density Cup (25 6 0.03 cm3)B417 112SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(B417 00(2006)E01) that may impact the us
27、e of this standard.(1) A section on the use of units has been added to the scope.(2) The description of the balance has been changed in Section6.5.(3) The accuracy with which the density cup should beweighed has been changed in Section 8.1.(4) The accuracy with which the filled density cup should be
28、weighed has been changed in Section 8.6.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the
29、 riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of
30、 this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldm
31、ake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).B417 113
