1、Designation: B417 11B417 13Standard Test Method forApparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Usingthe Carney Funnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the apparent density of non-free-flowing metal powder
3、s. It is designedfor those metal powders that do not freely flow through the Hall flowmeter funnel.1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubiccentimeter (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practi
4、ce, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only, and arenot considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associat
5、ed with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B215 Practices for Sampling Metal PowdersB243 Terminology of Pow
6、der MetallurgyB873 Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent Density Cup Used in Test Methods B 212, B 329, and B 4173. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms in Terminology B243 are applicable to this test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A volume of powder is permitted to flow into a container of d
7、efinite volume under controlled conditions. The mass ofpowder per unit volume is determined and reported as apparent density, Carney (ADC).5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an important physical characteristic of a powder known as the apparentdensity. The
8、 measured apparent density bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity. Thedegree of correlation between the results of this test and the performance of powders during use may vary with each particularapplication. Note, however, that the presence of moisture,
9、oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the temperature of the powdermass may alter the physical characteristics of the powder.6. Apparatus6.1 Powder Flowmeter3A Carney Flowmeter(Flowmeter (Fig. 1).1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder
10、Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.02on Base Metal Powders.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2013. Published November 2011 September 2013. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20062011as B417 00B417 11.(2006)E01. DOI: 10.1520/B0417-11.10
11、.1520/B0417-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The sole source of supply of the flowmeter f
12、unnel, density cup, and stand known to the committee at this time is AcuACu Powder International, LLC. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical
13、 committee,1 which you may attend.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recom
14、mends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
15、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.2 Density Cup3A cylindrical brass cup (Fig. 2) having a capacity of 25 cm3. The actual cup volume shall be determinedaccording to Test Method B873. If the measured volume of the cup is outside the tolerance in Fig. 2 (25 6 0.03 cm3) the cup shalln
16、ot be used.6.3 StandAstand (Fig. 1) to support the powder funnel concentric with the density cup so that the bottom of the powder funnelis approximately 25 mm (1 in.) above the top of the density cup when the apparatus is assembled as shown in Fig. 1.6.4 WorkbenchA level, vibration-free table or wor
17、kbench to support the powder flowmeter stand.6.5 Balance, readable to 0.001 g, with a minimum capacity of 200 g capable of determining the mass to the nearest 0.01 g.6.6 Wire, approximately 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) in diameter by 150 mm (6 in.) in length.6.7 Spatula or straight edgeAnon-magnetic spatula or
18、 straight edge of suitable dimensions for leveling off the excess powderon top of the density cup.7. Test Specimen7.1 The test portion shall consist of a volume of approximately 30 to 40 cm3 of metal powder obtained in accordance withPractices B215.FIG. 1 Carney Flowmeter Funnel and StandFIG. 2 Dens
19、ity Cup (25 6 0.03 cm3)B417 1327.2 The test portion shall be tested as sampled. Note, however, that temperature, moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes,and so forth may alter the characteristics of the powder.8. Procedure8.1 Weigh the empty density cup to the nearest 0.01 g or, alternatively
20、, place the empty density cup on the balance and tare thebalance to zero.8.2 Load the test specimen carefully into the flowmeter funnel and permit it to run into the density cup through the dischargeorifice. If necessary, it may be agitated or pushed by use of the length of wire but take care to pre
21、vent the wire from entering thedensity cup. The density cup should not be moved during the filling operation.8.3 When the powder completely fills and overflows the periphery of the density cup, rotate the funnel approximately 90 ina horizontal plane so that the remaining powder falls away from the c
22、up.8.4 Using a nonmagnetic spatula, or straight edge, with the blade held perpendicular to the top of the cup, level off the powderflush with the top of the density cup. Take care to avoid jarring the apparatus at any time.8.5 After the leveling operation, tap the density cup lightly on the side to
23、settle the powder to avoid spilling in transfer.8.6 Transfer the filled density cup to the balance and weigh to the nearest 0.01 g to determine the mass (M) of powder.8.7 More than one apparent density test may be run if desired. Use a fresh test portion of powder for each test. Average theapparent
24、density values.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the apparent density as follows:Apparent density ADc,g/cm35M/V (1)where:M = mass of powder in the density cup in grams andV = volume of the density cup in cubic centimetres.10. Report10.1 Report the results as apparent density, Carney (ADc), to the nearest
25、0.01 g/cm3.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has not been determined by a statistically valid interlaboratory test. Resultsobtained by eight laboratories testing a sample of tin powder suggest the following:11.1.1 Repeatability r = 1 % (tin powder)Duplicate analys
26、is of a tin powder by the same operator and same apparatus shouldnot differ by more than 1 % at the 95 % confidence level.11.1.2 Reproducibility R = 4 % (tin powder)The difference between two single and independent results obtained by differentoperators working in different laboratories on tin powde
27、r should not differ by more than 4 % at the 95 % confidence level.11.1.3 Measurement Uncertainty The precision of Test Method B417 shall be considered by those performing the test whenreporting Carney apparent density test results.11.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias of the procedure
28、s in Test Methods B417 for measuring the Carneyapparent density because no material having an accepted reference value is available.12. Keywords12.1 apparent density; Carney; flowmeter funnel; metal powdersB417 133SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B09 has identified the location of selected changes to thi
29、s standard since the last issue(B417 00B417 11(2006)E01) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) A section on the use of units statement has been added to Section 6.2the scope. to indicate that if the measured volume of thecup is outside the tolerance in Fig. 2, the cup shall not be used.(2) Th
30、e description of the balance has been changed in Section 6.5.(2) The accuracy with which the density cup should be weigheddimension of the straight portion of the orifice has been changedin Fig. 1Section 8.1(4) The accuracy with which the filled density cup should be weighed has been changed in Sect
31、ion 8.6.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rig
32、hts, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional
33、standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM
34、Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).B417 134
