1、Designation: B 432 09Standard Specification forCopper and Copper Alloy Clad Steel Plate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 432; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for plateof a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrallyand continuously bon
3、ded on one or both sides a layer of copperor copper-base alloy. The material is generally intended forpressure vessel use but may be used in other structuralapplications where corrosion resistance or conductivity of thealloy is of prime importance.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are t
4、o beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 6/A 6M Specification for General Requirements forRolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates,
5、Shapes, and SheetPilingA 20/A 20M Specification for General Requirements forSteel Plates for Pressure VesselsA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 578/A 578M Specification for Straight-Beam UltrasonicExamination of Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applica-tionsB
6、96/B 96M Specification for Copper-Silicon Alloy Plate,Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar for General Purposes andPressure VesselsB 152/B 152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate,and Rolled BarB 171/B 171M Specification for Copper-Alloy Plate andSheet for Pressure Vessels, Condensers, and Heat Ex-
7、changersB 846 Terminology for Copper and Copper AlloysE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 ASME Code:Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII3Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, WeldingQualifications33. Terminology3.1 For
8、 definitions of terms related to copper and copperalloys, refer to Terminology B 846.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 base metal (backing steel), ncomponent to whichthe cladding metal is applied, usually the greater percentage ofthe composite plate and usually consisting of c
9、arbon orlow-alloy steel.3.2.2 blind flange, nsame as a cover.3.2.3 bonding, nadhesion of one surface to another with-out the use of an adhesive as a bonding agent.3.2.4 cladding metal, nthe copper or copper-base alloycomponent of the composite plate.3.2.5 cover, na component with similar features to
10、 atubesheet which is used as a closure and which typicallyrequires surface machining over part of the face while main-taining minimum specified minimum thickness.3.2.6 double-clad, nmaterial is considered as double-cladwhen both sides of the steel base metal are covered with coppercladding.3.2.7 int
11、erface, nof the clad product, is that region of thethickness in which the product transitions from essentially100 % base metal to 100 % cladding metal, also referred to asthe bond or bondzone.3.2.8 integrally and continuously bonded, adva conditionin which the cladding metal and base metal are broug
12、httogether to form a metallurgical bond at essentially the entireinterface of the two metals by means other than those processesthat do not produce a homogeneous composite plate.3.2.9 plate, nthe term plate as used in this specificationapplies to material 0.188 in. (4.78 mm) and over in thickness,an
13、d over 10 in. (254 mm) in width.3.2.10 single-clad, nmaterial is considered as single-cladwhen only one side of the steel base metal is covered withcopper cladding.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on Copperand CopperAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
14、ittee B05.01 on Plate,Sheet, and Strip.Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published May 2009. Originallyapproved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as B 432 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
15、 For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.1*A Summary of Changes s
16、ection appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.11 tubesheet, nthe term tubesheet as used in thisspecification applies to a clad plate, which is used in a heatexchanger to separate the tu
17、beside and shell side components.Typically, but not necessarily, tubesheets are round, relativelythick, and require that the cladding and/or base be machinedflat over part or all of the face while maintaining specifiedminimum thicknesses.4. Ordering Information4.1 Include the following information w
18、hen placing ordersfor product under this specification, as applicable:4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Dimensions, including the thickness of the claddingalloy and the backing steel, or of the total composite plate, andif more or less restrictive thickness tolerances apply,4.1.3 Quanti
19、tytotal weight or number of pieces of eachsize.4.1.4 Cladding metal specification (see Section 6),4.1.5 Base metal specification (see Section 6),4.1.6 Advise if the part is to be used as a tubesheet, cover,or blind flange,4.1.7 Restrictions, if required, on repair by welding (seeSection 11).4.2 The
20、following options are available and should bespecified at the time of placing of the order when required:4.2.1 Shear testing requirements if any (see Sections 7 and8).4.2.2 Certification,4.2.3 Test Report,4.2.4 Options presented in the Supplementary RequirementsSection of this specification,4.2.5 Ad
21、ditions to the specification or special requirements,4.2.6 The purchaser is referred to the listed supplementaryrequirements in this specification and to the detailed require-ments in Specifications A 20/A 20M or A 6/A 6M as appli-cable. If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith
22、the requirements of Specification A 20/A 20M or A6/A6M, the requirements of this specification shall prevail.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials:5.1.1 The base metal shall be manufactured in accordancewith all applicable requirements of the base metal specifica-tions (see 4.1.5).5.1.2 The clad
23、ding metal shall be manufactured in accor-dance with all applicable requirements of the cladding metalspecifications (see 4.1.4).5.2 Manufacture:5.2.1 The cladding metal shall be bonded to the base metalby any cladding operation that will produce a clad productwhich will conform to the requirements
24、of this specification.Cladding methods are, but not limited to, explosion bonding,roll bonding, and weld overlay.5.2.2 The cladding metal may be fabricated from multiplesheets or plates by edge butt welding prior to the claddingoperation.5.2.3 The cladding thickness may consist of multiple layersof
25、the cladding metal.5.3 Heat TreatmentUnless otherwise specified or agreedbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer, all heat treat-ments shall be performed as needed in the cladding operationto assure the following:5.3.1 The cladding metal conforms to the applicable re-quirements of the cladding me
26、tal specification.5.3.2 The base metal conforms to the applicable require-ments of the base metal specification, and5.3.3 The clad bond exhibits optimum resistance to dis-bonding during common fabrication processes.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The clad plate shall conform to any combination of basemet
27、al and cladding metal as described in 6.2 and 6.3, and asagreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.6.2 Base MetalThe base metal may be carbon steel orlow-alloy steel conforming to the ASTM specifications forsteels for either pressure vessels or general structural applica-tions, or other
28、, as agreed upon by the purchaser and manufac-turer. The base metal shall conform to the chemical require-ments of the specification to which it is ordered.6.3 Cladding MetalThe copper or copper-base alloy clad-ding metal specified shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescrib
29、ed in the respective claddingmetal Specifications B 96/B 96M, B 152/B 152M,orB 171/B 171M, or other copper-base alloy specification as agreedupon by the purchaser and manufacturer.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 Tensile Property Requirements:7.1.1 Tensile tests shall be performed on the base metalonly
30、.7.1.2 Tensile tests shall conform to the requirements of theBase Metal Specification.8. Performance Requirements8.1 Bond Strength Requirements:8.1.1 Shear Strength Test:8.1.1.1 When specified in the contract or purchase order, theminimum shear strength of the interface shall be 12 000 psi (84MPa).
31、The shear test shall be made in the manner indicated inFig. 1. The shear test is not applicable when the specifiedminimum cladding thickness is 0.075 in. (1.9 mm) or less.8.1.2 Alternate Bond Strength Test:8.1.2.1 As an alternative to the shear strength test providedin 8.1.1 or when agreed upon by t
32、he purchaser and themanufacturer, three bend tests shall be made with the alloycladding in compression to determine the quality of the bond.These bend tests shall be made using 1.5 in (38 mm) wide byfull thickness specimens and shall be bent through an angle of180 to the bend diameters provided for
33、in the base metalspecification. If the base metal specification does not specifybend test diameter, the test diameter shall be times the testspecimen thickness unless otherwise agreed upon. At least twoof the three tests shall show not more than 50 % separation onboth edges of the bent portion. Grea
34、ter separation shall because for rejection. The bond strength bend test is generally notrecommended for cladding thicknesses where the shear test isapplicable.B4320928.2 Additional mechanical tests may be performed. SeeSupplementary Requirements.9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations9.1 Unless oth
35、erwise specified herein, permissible varia-tions except for thickness shall be in accordance with Specifi-cations A 20/A 20M or A 6/A 6M as applicable based on thebase metal specification.9.2 Minimum thickness of the alloy cladding metal and ofthe backing steel, or of the total composite plate, shal
36、l be asrequired by purchase order documents when ordered to mini-mum thickness.9.3 Permissible variation in thickness when ordered tonominal thicknesses shall be 0.01 in. (0.25 mm) under each forbacking steel or total composite, and 0.03 in. (0.76 mm) underfor the alloy cladding.9.4 Permissible vari
37、ations for excess thickness of the totalcomposite shall be the greater of 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) or 10 % ofthe total composite thickness ordered and may occur in eitherbacking steel, cladding, or both, provided the minimum foreach is met.9.5 When the product is specified for use as tubesheets,covers, or
38、 blind flanges in the ordering information, the flatnesstolerances of Table 1 shall apply, otherwise flatness shall be inaccordance with Specifications A 20/A 20M or A 6/A 6M asapplicable based on the base metal specification.9.6 When the product is specified for use as tubesheets,covers, or blind f
39、langes in the ordering information and amachined edge condition is specified, the diameter tolerancesof Table 2 shall apply.9.7 More restrictive or less restrictive permissible variationsmay be agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer.10. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance10.1 The product s
40、hall be free of defects, but blemishes ofa nature that do not interfere with the intended application areacceptable.10.2 Unless otherwise specified, the clad surface may besupplied as-rolled, ground, blasted (descaled by means of sand,grit, shot or wire followed by pickling), or 100 % conditioned.10
41、.3 The cladding metal shall be integrally and continu-ously bonded to the base metal.11. Sampling11.1 The lot size, portion size, and selection of samplepieces shall be taken according to the base metal specifications.11.2 Chemical AnalysisA sample for chemical analysisfrom the finished clad product
42、 shall not be taken unlessspecified in the contract or purchase order. The copper sheet orstrip that is used as the cladding for this product is to besampled and tested as prescribed in its product specification(See 6.3). The steel plate that is used as the base metal in thisproduct is to be sampled
43、 and tested as prescribed in eitherSpecifications A 20/A 20M or A 6/A 6M.12. Number of Tests and Retests12.1 Test:12.1.1 Chemical AnalysisWhen specified in the contractor purchase order that a chemical analysis shall be performedon the cladding metal, the base metal, or both, the tests shall beperfo
44、rmed in accordance with the applicable requirements ofthe Cladding Metal and/or Base Metal Specifications.12.2 Other Tests:12.2.1 Tensile TestOne or more tension tests, as requiredby the base metal specification, and when specified, one sheartest or three bond strength bend tests, as applicable, sha
45、ll bemade, representing each manufacturing lot. Each specimenshall be in the final condition of heat treatment required for theplate, including any SPWHT (Simulated Post Weld HeatTreatment) if required, Supplementary Requirement S3.12.3 Retests:SI Equivalentsin. mm in. mm0.005 0.127 1 25.418 3.18 21
46、2 63.534 19.1 3 76.2FIG. 1 Test Specimen and Method of Making Shear Testof Clad PlateTABLE 1 Flatness Tolerances for Tube Sheets, Clad One Side OnlyATotal Thickness, in. (mm)Maximum Deviation from True FlatnessBfor a Given Diameter, Width, or Length, in. (mm)To 48 (1219)Over 48 (1219)to 72 (1829)Ove
47、r 72 (1829)to 96 (2438)Over 96 (2438)to 120 (3048)Over 120(3048)To 212 (63.5)18 (3.18)18 (3.18)316 (4.76)14 (6.35)12 (12.7)Over 212 (63.5) to 4 (102)18 (3.18)18 (3.18)14 (6.35)12 (12.7)12 (12.7)Over 4 (102) to 6 (152)18 (3.18)14 (6.35)38 (9.52)12 (12.7)12 (12.7)Over 6 (152) to 8 (203)316 (4.76)38 (9
48、.52)12 (12.7)12 (12.7)12 (12.7)ATwo side clads by special arrangement.BMeasured distance from an imaginary plane representing the best fit to the part surface. Measurement methods may include, but are not limited to, planar grids, planarredial wheels, setup on a machining table, or laser surveying.B
49、43209312.3.1 When requested by the manufacturer or supplier, aretest shall be permitted when results of test obtained by thepurchaser or supplier fail to conform to the requirements of theproduct specification.12.3.2 The retest shall be as directed in the product speci-fication for the initial test except that the number of testspecimens shall be twice that normally required for thespecified test.12.3.3 Test results for all specimens shall conform to theproduct specification requirements in retest. Failure to conformshall be cause for re
