1、Designation: B432 09aB432 14Standard Specification forCopper and Copper Alloy Clad Steel Plate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B432; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrally andcontinuou
3、sly bonded on one or both sides a layer of copper or copper-base alloy. The material is generally intended for pressurevessel use but may be used in other structural applications where corrosion resistance or conductivity of the alloy is of primeimportance.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound un
4、its are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars
5、, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet PilingA20/A20M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure VesselsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA578/A578M Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applic
6、ationsB96/B96M Specification for Copper-SiliconAlloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar for General Purposes and Pressure VesselsB152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled BarB171/B171M Specification for Copper-Alloy Plate and Sheet for Pressure Vessels, Condensers, and Hea
7、t ExchangersB846 Terminology for Copper and Copper AlloysE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 ASME Code:3Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIIIBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, Welding QualificationsIX3. Terminology3
8、.1 For definitions of terms related to copper and copper alloys, refer to Terminology B846.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 base metal (backing steel), ncomponent to which the cladding metal is applied, usually the greater percentage of thecomposite plate and usually consisti
9、ng of carbon or low-alloy steel.3.2.2 blind flange, nsame as a cover.3.2.3 bonding, nadhesion of one surface to another without the use of an adhesive as a bonding agent.3.2.4 cladding metal, nthe copper or copper-base alloy component of the composite plate.3.2.5 cover, na component with similar fea
10、tures to a tubesheet which is used as a closure and which typically requires surfacemachining over part of the face while maintaining minimum specified minimum thickness.3.2.6 double-clad, nmaterial is considered as double-clad when both sides of the steel base metal are covered with coppercladding.
11、1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.01 on Plate,Sheet, and Strip.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009Sept. 1, 2014. Published November 2009November 2014. Originally approved in 1966. La
12、st previous edition approved in 2009 asB432 09.B432 09a. DOI: 10.1520/B0432-09.10.1520/B0432-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Documen
13、t Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, ThreeTwo Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990,http:/www.asme.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an i
14、ndication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to b
15、e considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.7 interface, nof the clad product, is that region of the thickness in which the pr
16、oduct transitions from essentially 100 %base metal to 100 % cladding metal, also referred to as the bond or bondzone.3.2.8 integrally and continuously bonded, adva condition in which the cladding metal and base metal are brought together toform a metallurgical bond at essentially the entire interfac
17、e of the two metals by means other than those processes that do notproduce a homogeneous composite plate.3.2.9 plate, nthe term plate as used in this specification applies to material 0.188 in. (4.78 mm) and over in thickness, andover 10 in. (254 mm) in width.3.2.10 single-clad, nmaterial is conside
18、red as single-clad when only one side of the steel base metal is covered with coppercladding.3.2.11 tubesheet, nthe term tubesheet as used in this specification applies to a clad plate, which is used in a heat exchangerto separate the tubeside and shell side components. Typically, but not necessaril
19、y, tubesheets are round, relatively thick, and requirethat the cladding and/or base be machined flat over part or all of the face while maintaining specified minimum thicknesses.4. Ordering Information4.1 Include the following information specified choices when placing orders for product under this
20、specification, as applicable:4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Dimensions, including the thickness of the cladding alloy and the backing steel, or of the total composite plate, and if moreor less restrictive thickness tolerances apply,4.1.3 Quantitytotal weight or number of pieces of ea
21、ch size.4.1.4 Cladding metal specification (see Section 6),4.1.5 Base metal specification (see Section 6),4.1.6 Advise if the part is to be used as a tubesheet, cover, or blind flange,4.1.7 Restrictions, if required, on repair by welding (see Section 11).4.2 The following options are available and s
22、hould be but may not be included unless specified at the time of placing of theorder when required:4.2.1 Shear testing requirements if any (see Sections 7 and 8).4.2.2 Certification,4.2.3 Test Report,4.2.4 Options presented in the Supplementary Requirements Section of this specification,4.2.5 Additi
23、ons to the specification or special requirements,4.2.6 The purchaser is referred to the listed supplementary requirements in this specification and to the detailed requirementsin Specifications A20/A20M or A6/A6M as applicable. If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with therequir
24、ements of SpecificationSpecifications A20/A20M or A6/A6M, the requirements of this specification shall prevail.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials:5.1.1 The base metal shall be manufactured in accordance with all applicable requirements of the base metal specifications (see4.1.5).5.1.2 The cla
25、dding metal shall be manufactured in accordance with all applicable requirements of the cladding metalspecifications (see 4.1.4).5.2 Manufacture:5.2.1 The cladding metal shall be bonded to the base metal by any cladding operation that will produce a clad product whichwill conform to the requirements
26、 of this specification. Cladding methods are, but not limited to, explosion bonding, roll bonding,and weld overlay.5.2.2 The cladding metal may be fabricated from multiple sheets or plates by edge butt welding prior to the cladding operation.5.2.3 The cladding thickness may consist of multiple layer
27、s of the cladding metal.5.3 Heat TreatmentUnless otherwise specified or agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer, all heat treatments shallbe performed as needed in the cladding operation to assure the following:5.3.1 The cladding metal conforms to the applicable requirements of the claddin
28、g metal specification.5.3.2 The base metal conforms to the applicable requirements of the base metal specification, and5.3.3 The clad bond exhibits optimum resistance to disbonding during common fabrication processes.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The clad plate shall conform to any combination of base
29、metal and cladding metal as described in 6.2 and 6.3, and as agreedupon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.B432 1426.2 Base MetalThe base metal may be carbon steel or low-alloy steel conforming to the ASTM specifications for steels foreither pressure vessels or general structural application
30、s, or other, as agreed upon by the purchaser and manufacturer. The basemetal shall conform to the chemical requirements of the specification to which it is ordered.6.3 Cladding MetalThe copper or copper-basecopper alloy cladding metal specified shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composi
31、tion prescribed in the respective cladding metal Specifications B96/B96M, B152/B152M, or B171/B171M, orother copper-base alloy specification as agreed upon by the purchaser and manufacturer.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 Tensile Property Requirements : Requirements:7.1.1 Tensile tests shall be perfor
32、med on the base metal only.7.1.2 Tensile tests shall conform to the requirements of the Base Metal Specification.8. Performance Requirements8.1 Bond Strength Requirements : Requirements:8.1.1 Shear Strength Test:8.1.1.1 When specified in the contract or purchase order, the minimum shear strength of
33、the interface shall be 12 000 psi (84MPa). The shear test shall be made in the manner indicated in Fig. 1. The shear test is not applicable when the specified minimumcladding thickness is 0.075 in. (1.9 mm) or less.8.1.2 Alternate Bond Strength Test:8.1.2.1 As an alternative to the shear strength te
34、st provided in 8.1.1 or when agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer,three bend tests shall be made with the alloy cladding in compression to determine the quality of the bond. These bend tests shallbe made using 1.5 in (38 mm) wide by full thickness specimens and shall be bent through an
35、angle of 180 to the bend diametersprovided for in either Specification A6/A6M or Specification A20/A20M, in Appendix X4 or equivalent, as applicable. At leasttwo of the three tests shall show not more than 50 % separation on both edges of the bent portion. Greater separation shall be causefor reject
36、ion. The bond strength bend test is generally not recommended for cladding thicknesses where the shear test is applicable.8.2 Additional mechanical tests may be performed. See Supplementary Requirements.9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations9.1 Unless otherwise specified herein, permissible variat
37、ions except for thickness shall be in accordance with SpecificationsA20/A20M or A6/A6M as applicable based on the base metal specification.9.2 Minimum thickness of the alloy cladding metal and of the backing steel, or of the total composite plate, shall be as requiredby purchase order documents when
38、 ordered to minimum thickness.9.3 Permissible variation in thickness when ordered to nominal thicknesses shall be 0.01 in. (0.25 mm) under each for backingsteel or total composite, and 0.03 in. (0.76 mm) under for the alloy cladding.SI Equivalentsin. mm in. mm0.005 0.127 1 25.418 3.18 212 63.534 19.
39、1 3 76.2FIG. 1 Test Specimen and Method of Making Shear Testof Clad PlateB432 1439.4 Permissible variations for excess thickness of the total composite shall be the greater of 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) or 10 % of thetotal composite thickness ordered and may occur in either backing steel, cladding, or both,
40、 provided the minimum for each is met.9.5 When the product is specified for use as tubesheets, covers, or blind flanges in the ordering information, the flatnesstolerances of Table 1 shall apply, otherwise flatness shall be in accordance with Specifications A20/A20M or A6/A6M asapplicable based on t
41、he base metal specification.9.6 When the product is specified for use as tubesheets, covers, or blind flanges in the ordering information and a machined edgecondition is specified, the diameter tolerances of Table 2 shall apply.9.7 More restrictive or less restrictive permissible variations may be a
42、greed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer.10. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance10.1 The product shall be free of defects, but blemishes of a nature that do not interfere with the intended application areacceptable.10.2 Unless otherwise specified, the clad surface may be supplied as-rolled, g
43、round, blasted (descaled by means of sand, grit,shot or wire followed by pickling), or 100 % conditioned.10.3 The cladding metal shall be integrally and continuously bonded to the base metal.11. Sampling11.1 The lot size, portion size, and selection of sample pieces shall be taken according to the b
44、ase metal specifications.11.2 Chemical AnalysisA sample for chemical analysis from the finished clad product shall not be taken unless specified inthe contract or purchase order. The copper sheet or strip that is used as the cladding for this product is to be sampled and testedas prescribed in its p
45、roduct specification (See 6.3). The steel plate that is used as the base metal in this product is to be sampledand tested as prescribed in either Specifications A20/A20M or A6/A6M.12. Number of Tests and Retests12.1 Test:12.1.1 Chemical AnalysisWhen specified in the contract or purchase order that a
46、 chemical analysis shall be performed on thecladding metal, the base metal, or both, the tests shall be performed in accordance with the applicable requirements of the CladdingMetal and/oror Base Metal Specifications.Specifications, or both.12.2 Other Tests:12.2.1 Tensile TestOne or more tension tes
47、ts, as required by the base metal specification, and when specified, one shear testor three bond strength bend tests, as applicable, shall be made, representing each manufacturing lot. Each specimen shall be in thefinal condition of heat treatment required for the plate, including any SPWHT (Simulat
48、ed Post Weld Heat Treatment) if required,Supplementary Requirement S3.12.3 Retests:12.3.1 When requested by the manufacturer or supplier, a retest shall be permitted when results of test obtained by the purchaseror supplier fail to conform to the requirements of the product specification.12.3.2 The
49、retest shall be as directed in the product specification for the initial test except that the number of test specimensshall be twice that normally required for the specified test.12.3.3 Test results for all specimens shall conform to the product specification requirements in retest. Failure to conform shallbe cause for rejection.13. Specimen Preparation13.1 Chemical Analysis:TABLE 1 Flatness Tolerances for Tube Sheets, Clad One Side OnlyATotal Thickness, in. (mm)Maximum Deviation from True FlatnessB for a Given Diameter, Width, or Length, in. (mm)To 48
