1、Designation:B43908 Designation: B439 12Standard Specification forIron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification cover
3、s the requirements for porous iron-base metallic sleeve, flange, thrust, and spherical iron-basebearings that are produced from mixed metal powders utilizing powder metallurgy (PM) technology and then impregnated withoil to supply operating lubrication.1.2Included1.2 Listed are the specifications fo
4、r the chemical, physical, and mechanical requirements ofspecifications for thosestandardized ferrous PM materials that have been developed and standardized specifically for use in the manufacture of theseself-lubricating bearings.1.3 This specification accompanies standard is a companion to Specific
5、ation B438/B438MB438 that covers the requirements forBronze-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated). porous oil-imptegnated bronze-base bearings.1.4 Typical applications for self-lubricating iron-base PM bearings are discussed in Appendix X1.1.5 Commercial bearing dimensional toleranc
6、e data are shown in Appendix Appendix X2, while engineering informationregarding installation and operating parameters of PM bearings is included in Appendix Appendix X3. Additional usefulinformation on self-lubricating bearings can be found in MPIF Standard 35 (Bearings), ISO 5755 (Bearings) and th
7、e technicalliterature.21.6With the exception of density values for which the g/cm1.6 UnitsWith the exception of density values for which the use of the g/cm3unit is the industry standard, the values statedin inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are t
8、o be regarded as standard. No otherunits of measurement are included in this standard. unit is the long-standing practice of the PM industry, the values stated ininch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that areprovided
9、 for information only and are not to be regarded as standard1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
10、 user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy B328Test Method for Density, Oil Content, and Interconnected Porosity of
11、SinteredMetal Structural Parts and Oil-Impregnated BearingsB438/B438M438 Specification for Bronze-Base Powder Metallurgy (P/M)(PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)B939 Test Method for Radial Crushing Strength, K, of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings and Structural MaterialsB962 Test Methods for Density of C
12、ompacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes PrincipleB963 Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy(PM) Products Using Archimedes PrincipleB966 Test Method for Permeability of Powder Metallurgy (PM)
13、Bearings Using Nitrogen GasB970 Test Method for Cleanliness of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings and Structural PartsE9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Materials at Room Temperature1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Pro
14、ducts and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB09.04 on Bearings.Current edition approved April 1, 2008.2012. Published May 2008.September 2012. Replaces portions of B612 and B782. Originally approved in 1966 to replace portionsof B202. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as B439 078.
15、 DOI: 10.1520/B0439-08.10.1520/B0439-12.2Machine Design Magazine, Vol 54, No. 14, June 17, 1982, pp. 130142.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the sta
16、ndards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accura
17、tely, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
18、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys byVarious Comb
19、ustion and Fusion Techniques2.2 MPIF Standard:4MPIF Standard 35 Materials Standards for PM Self-Lubricating Bearings2.3 IEEE/ASTM Standard:3SI 10American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modernized Metric System4Available from Metal Powder Industries Federatio
20、ns, 105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540, http:/www.infompif.org.B439 1222.4 ISO Standard:ISO Standards:5ISO 2795Plain bearings from sintered metalDimensions and tolerances Plain bearings from sintered metalDimensions andtolerancesISO 5755 Sintered Metal Materials Specifications,3. Terminology
21、3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions of the terms used in this specification are found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptiveinformation is available in the Related Materials section of Volume 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.4. Classification4.1This specification uses the established three
22、-part alphanumeric PM Material Designation Code to identify the ferrousmaterials used for self-lubricating bearings. The complete explanation of this classification system is presented in4.1 The following list of standardized iron-base oil-impregnated PM bearing material compositions classified by c
23、ompositionare included in this specification. Their complete chemical, physical and mechanical requirements can be found in the specificationtables. Typical applications are discussed in Annex A1.4.2The following standard oil-impregnated iron-base bearing material compositions are contained in this
24、specification:4.2 The three-part alphanumeric PM Material Designation Code, developed by the PM industry, is used to identify thesematerials. A complete explanation of this classification system is presented in Annex A1.4.2.1 Prefix FIron Bearing Material:Iron and Iron-Carbon Bearing Materials, (Pre
25、fix F)4.2.1.1 F-0000-K15Iron with 21 % oil. Iron MaterialsF-0000-K15F-0000-K234.2.1.2 Iron-Carbon MaterialsF-0005-K20F-0005-K28F- 0008-K20F -0008-K324.2.2 Prefix FIron-Carbon (Steel) Bearing Material: Iron-Copper Bearing Materials (Prefix FC)4.2.2.1 F-0005-K20Low carbon steel with 21 % oil. Low-Copp
26、er MaterialsFC-0200-K20FC-0200-K344.2.2.2 Medium-Copper MaterialsFC-1000-K20FC-1000-K30FC-1000-K404.2.2.3 High-Copper MaterialsFC-2000-K25FC-2000-K30FC-2000-K404.2.3 Prefix FCIron-CopperBearing Materials:Iron-Copper-Carbon Bearing Materials (Prefix FC)4.2.3.1 FC-1000-K20Iron, 10% copper with 22 % co
27、pper oil. Low-Copper- Carbon Materials.FC-0205-K20FC-0205-K35FC-0208-K25FC-0208-K404.2.3.2 FC-2000-K25Iron, 20% copper with 22 % oil. Medium-Copper-Carbon Materials.FC-0508-K35FC-0508-K464.2.3.3 High-Copper-Carbon Materials.FC-2008-K44FC-2008-K464.2.4 Prefix FCTGIron-Bronze-Graphite (Diluted Bronze)
28、 Bearing Material:4.2.4.1FCTG-3604-K22 Iron, 40 % bronze,34 % graphite with 17 % oil. Iron-Graphite Bearing Materials (Prefix FG)FG-0303-K105Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.B439 123FG-0303-K12FG-0308-K16FG
29、-0308-K224.2.5 Prefix FGIron-Graphite Bearing Materials:4.2.5.1FG-0303-K10Iron, 2 1/2% graphite with 18 % oil.4.2.5.2FG-0308-K16Steel, 2% graphite with 18 % oil. Iron-Bronze-Graphite (Diluted Bronze) Bearing Materials (PrefixFCTG)FCTG-3604-K16FCTG-3604-K224.2.6 Diffusion Alloyed Iron-Bronze Bearing
30、Materials (Prefix FDCT)FDCT-1802- K22FDCT-1802- K31FDCT-1802- K395. Ordering Information5.1 Purchase orders or contracts for iron-base oil-impregnated PM bearings covered by this purchasing specification shallinclude the following information:5.1.1 A copy of the bearing print showing dimensions and
31、tolerances (Section 10),5.1.2 Reference to this ASTM specification, including date of issue,5.1.3 Identification of bearing material by the PM Material Designation Code (Section 4),5.1.4 Request for certification and test report documents, if required (Section 16),5.1.5 Type and grade of special lub
32、ricating oil, if required (6.2.3), and5.1.6 Instructions for special packaging, if required (Section 17).6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Porous Metallic Bearing:6.1.1Porous6.1.1 Porous iron-base bearings shall be produced by first preparing processed from a mixture of elemental i,prealloyed or diffu
33、sion-alloyed metal powders with or without the additions of copper, tin, pre-alloyed bronze or graphite powdersto powder that together meet the specified chemical composition and then compacting theof the material.6.1.2 The powder mixture into shall be compacted to produce a green bearing configurat
34、ion having of the required greendensity dimensions, shape and density6.1.2The6.1.3 The green bearings shall then be sintered in a furnace having a protective atmosphere for a time and temperaturecycle that will produce the required sintered ferrous-base PM material.6.1.34 After sintering, the iron-b
35、ase bearings are normally sized to achieve the density, dimensional characteristics,concentricity, and surface finish required of the finished metallic bearing.6.2 Oil for Operating Lubrication :6.2.1 The interconnected or open porosity in the bearings shall be filled to the required volume with lub
36、ricating oil, either byan extended soaking in the hot oil or preferably by a vacuum impregnation operation.6.2.2 A medium viscosity petroleum oil is the lubricant used for most bearing applications, but extreme operating conditionssuch as elevated temperatures, intermittent rotation, extremely low s
37、peeds, or heavy loads may require a synthetic lubricant or anoil with a different viscosity.6.2.3 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, a high-grade turbine oil with antifoaming additives and containing corrosionand oxidation inhibitors, having a kinematic viscosity of 280 to 500 SSU (60 3 10
38、-6to 110 3 10-6m2/s), (60 to 110 cSt) at100 F (38 C) is normally used as the general purpose lubricating oil.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Chemical Composition SpecificationsEach iron-base PM bearing material shall conform to the chemical compositionrequirements prescribed in Table 1 when determined on
39、 a clean test sample obtained from oil-free bearings.7.2 Limits on Nonspecified ElementsBy agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, limits may be established andchemical analyses required for elements or compounds not specified in Table 1.8. Physical Properties8.1 Oil ContentFor each bearin
40、g material, the oil content of the as-received bearing shall not be less than the minimumpercentage listed in Table 12.8.2 Impregnation EffciencyA minimum of 90 % of the interconnected porosity in the as-received bearings shall beimpregnated with lubricating oil.8.3 Impregnated DensityThe density of
41、 the sample bearings, when fully impregnated with lubricating oil, shall meet therequirements specified in Table 12 for each bearing material.B439 124TABLE 1 Compositional Specifications for Iron-Base Materials Used in PM Bearing MaterialsMaterial DesignationDesignationCodeChemical Composition Requi
42、rementsPhysical RequirementsMechanical RequirementsIronmass %TotalCarbonmass %CombinedCarbonAmass %GraphiticCarbonmass %Coppermass %Tinmass %All Othersmass %ImpregnatedDensityg/cm3Oil Contentvol %Radical Crushing Strength,(K)Ironmass %TotalCarbonmass %CombinedCarbonAmass %GraphiticCarbonBmass %Coppe
43、rmass %Tinmass %All Othersmass %ImpregnatedDensityg/cm3Oil Contentvol %Radical Crushing(K)103psi (MPa)IronIron and Iron-CarbonF-0000-K15 bal 0.3 max . 1.5 max . 0to2.0F-0000-K15 bal. 0to0.3 0to1.5 0to2.0F-0000-K23 bal. 0 to 0.3 0 to 1.5 0 to 2.02.0 max 5.6to6.0 21 min 15 min ( 1.5 00 min)F-0005-K20
44、bal. 0.3to0.6 0to1.5 0to2.00to2.0F-0005-K28 bal. 0.3to0.6 0to1.5 0to2.0F-0008-K20F-0008-K20 bal.Iron-Carb 0.90.6to0.9F-0005-K20 bal 0.3to0.6 . 1.5 max 0to1.5 0to2.0F-0008-K32 bal. 0.6to0.9 0to1.5 0to2.0.Iron-Copper2.0 max 5.6to6.0 21 min 20 min (14.5to3.9 0 min)FC-0200-K20 bal. 0to0.3 1.5to3.9 0to2.
45、00to2.0FC-0200-K34 bal. 0to0.3 1.5to3.9 0to2.0FC-1000-K20 Ir on-C 11.0 0 topperFC-1000-K20 bal. 0 to 0.3 9.0 to 11.0 0to2.0FC-1000-K20 bal 0.3 max . 9.0to11.0 . 2.0 max 5.6to6.0FC-1000-K30 bal. 0to0.3 9.0to11.0 0to2.0FC-1000-K40 22 min 20 min ( 140 min)FC-1000-K40 bal. 0 to 0.3 9.0 to 11.0 0 to 2.0F
46、C-2000-K25 bal 0.3 max . 18.0 to 22.0 . 2.0 max 5.6to6.0FC-2000-K25 bal. 0to0.3 18.0 to 22.0 0to2.0FC-2000-K30 22 min 25 min ( 170 min) to 22.0 0to2.0FC-2000-K30 bal. 0 to 0.3 18.0 to 22.0 0to2.00to2.0FC-2000-K40 bal. 0to0.3 18.0 to 22.0 0to2.0Iron-Copper-CarbonIron-Bronze-Graphite(Diluted Bronze)FC
47、TG-3604-K22 bal 0.5 max .B34.0 to 38.0 3.5to4.5 0to2.0FC-0205-K20 bal. 0.3to0.6 1.5to3.9 0to2.02.0 max 6.0to6.4 17 min 22to50 ( 150 to 34.9 0)FC-0205-K35 bal. 0.3to0.6 1.5to3.9 0to2.00to2.0FC-0208-K25 bal. 0.6to0.9 1.5to3.9 0to2.0FC-0208-K40 0.6to0.9 1.5to3.9 0to2.0FC-0208-K40 bal. 0.6 to 0.9 1.5to3
48、.9 0to2.0FC-0508-K35 bal. 0.6to0.9 4.0to6.0 0to2.0FC-0508-K46 bal. 0.6to0.9 4.0to6.0 0to2.0FC-2008-K44 bal. 0.6to0.9 18.0 to 22.0 0to2.0FC-2008-K46 bal. 0.6to0.9 18.0 to 22.0 0to2.0Iron-GraphiteFG-0303-K10 bal 0.5 max 0to0.5 2.0to3.0 . . 2.0 maxFG-0303-K10 bal. 0to0.5 2.0to3.0 0to2.05.6to6.0 18 min
49、10 to 25 (70 to 170)FG-0303-K12 bal. 0to0.5 2.0to3.0 0to2.0FG-0308-K16 bal 0.5to1.0 1.5to2.5 . . 2.0 maxFG-0308-K16 bal. 0.5to1.0 1.5to2.5 0to2.05.6to6.0 18 min 16 to 45 1.5to2.5 0to2.0FG-0308-K22 bal. 0.5to1.0 1.5to2.5 0to2.0Iron-Bronze (Diluted Bronze)FCTG-3604-K16 bal. 0.5to1.3 0.5 maxC34.0 to 38.0 3.5to4.5 0to2.0FCTG-3604-K22 bal. 0.5to1.3 0).5 maxC34.0 to 38.0 3.5to4.5 0to2.0FCTG-3604-K22 bal. 0.5to1.3 0.5 maxC34.0 to 38.0 3.5to4.5 0to2.0Diffusion Alloyed Iron-BronzeFDCT-1802-K22 bal. 0 to 0.1D17.0 to 19.0 1.5 to 2.5 0 to 1.0FDCT-1802-K
