1、Designation: B440 11Standard Specification forCadmium1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B440; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year o
2、f last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers refined cadmium metal in slab,ball or stick form.1.2 ToxicityWarning: Soluble and respirable forms ofcadmium may be harmful to human health and the en
3、vironmentin certain forms and concentrations. Therefore, ingestion andinhalation of cadmium should be controlled under the appro-priate regulations of the U.S. Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA). Cadmium-containing alloys and coat-ings should not be used on articles that will contac
4、t food orbeverages, or for dental and other equipment that is normallyinserted in the mouth. Similarly, if articles using cadmium-containing alloys or coatings are welded, soldered, brazed,ground, “flame-cut,” or otherwise heated during fabrication,adequate ventilation must be provided to maintain o
5、ccupationalcadmium exposure below the OSHA Permissible ExposureLevel (PEL).1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This s
6、tandard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to become familiarwith all hazards including those identified in the appropriateMaterial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/materialas provided
7、by the manufacturer, to establish appropriatesafety and health practices, and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B899 Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals andAlloysE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data t
8、oDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE88 Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys inCast Form for Determination of Chemical CompositionE396 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of CadmiumE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnified Numbering System (UNS)3. Terminology3.1
9、Terms shall be defined in accordance with TerminologyB899.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for cadmium under this specification shall in-clude the following information:4.1.1 ASTM designation,4.1.2 Quantity (weight),4.1.3 Grade (Table 1), and4.1.4 Shape and size (Section 7).5. Materials and Manufac
10、ture5.1 The cadmium shall be furnished in commercial standardforms or shapes requested by purchaser.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The cadmium supplied shall conform to the require-ments of Table 1 for one of the three grades.7. Shape and Size7.1 Various forms and sizes of commercially availablecadmium
11、 are:Form Shape and SizeBall Spherical, about 2 in. diameterStick Bar, about 9 312 338 in. or stick about 9 312 in. in diameter.Slab Plate or bar, varying in weight from about 20 to 60 lb7.2 Cadmium may be ordered in other shapes and sizes asmutually agreed.8. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance8.1 T
12、he supplier shall use care to have the quality of each lotof cadmium as uniform as possible.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 onNonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB02.04 on Zinc and Cadmium.Current edition approved May 1, 20
13、11. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as B440 00 (2005).DOI: 10.1520/B0440-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informa
14、tion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8.2 The cadmium shall be reasonably free of adher
15、ingforeign material.9. Sampling for Chemical Analysis9.1 The producer may obtain representative samples fromthe molten metal during casting, and all or part of thesesamples may be cast into shapes suitable for analysis.9.2 For sampling cadmium in slab form a minimum of twopieces shall be selected fo
16、r shipments of 500 lb or less, threepieces for shipments of 500 to 1000 lb (227 to 454 kg), and oneadditional piece for each additional 1000 lb or part thereof. Forcadmium in ball or stick form a minimum of four pieces shallbe selected for shipments of 500 lb or less, six pieces forshipments of 500
17、to 1000 lb and two additional pieces for eachadditional 1000 lb or part thereof.9.3 The selected pieces shall be cleaned to rid the surface ofextraneous material and then sawed, drilled, or milled, carebeing taken to avoid errors due to segregation within thepieces. The saw, drill, or cutter used sh
18、all be thoroughlycleaned. No lubricant shall be used in the operation, and thesawings, drillings, or millings shall be treated with a magnet toremove any particles of steel introduced in the taking of thesamples. Equal weights of the sawings, drillings, or millingsshall be taken from each piece samp
19、led, and then combinedinto one sample and thoroughly mixed. The total sampleweight shall be not less than 300 g.9.4 In those cases where the cadmium involved is in someother shape or form that does not lend itself to any of the abovemethods, the sampling procedure shall be agreed upon betweenthe man
20、ufacturer or seller and purchaser. The method of 9.1offers many advantages.9.5 Aspects of sampling and sample preparation not coveredspecifically in this specification shall be carried out in accor-dance with Practice E88.10. Method of Chemical Analysis10.1 The chemical requirements enumerated in Ta
21、ble 1shall, in case of disagreement, be determined by methodsmutually agreed upon or by Test Methods E396.11. Rejection11.1 Material which fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected.12. Claims12.1 Claims to be considered shall be made to manufactureror seller in writin
22、g within 30 days of receipt of material at thepurchasers plant, and the results of the test made by thepurchaser shall accompany such claims. The manufacturer orseller shall be given 2 weeks from the receipt of the complaintto investigate his records and shall either agree to satisfy theclaim, obtai
23、n a sample of the metal for investigation, or send arepresentative to the plant of the purchaser.12.2 No claims shall be considered unless the minimumnumber of samples of unused cadmium shapes can be shown tosuch representative.12.3 In a question of chemical composition, a sample shallbe drawn by re
24、presentatives of both parties in accordance withSection 10. The properly mixed and quartered sample shall beseparated into three parts, each of which shall be placed in asealed package, one for the manufacturer or seller, one for thepurchaser and one for an umpire, if necessary. The manufac-turer or
25、 seller and purchaser shall each perform an analysis. Ifthe results do not establish or dismiss the claim to thesatisfaction of both parties, the third sample shall be submittedto a mutually agreeable umpire who shall determine thequestion of quality and whose determination shall be final.13. Produc
26、t Marking13.1 The outside container shall be marked in such a waythat the manufacturer or seller may be identified. The indi-vidual pieces of cadmium may also be marked at the discretionof the manufacturer or seller.14. Keywords14.1 cadmium; cadmium metalTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsANOTE 1With the
27、mutual agreement of the buyer and seller, chemicallimits for Tin, Silver, Antimony, Arsenic, and Mercury may also beassigned to the grades 99.95 and 99.99 Cd.Element Grade(UNS)B99.95 Cd(L01951)99.99 Cd(L01971)99.995 Cd(L01981)Cadmium, min.A99.95 % 99.99 % 99.995 %Iron, max. ppm . 10 5Copper, max. pp
28、m 150 20 5Nickel, max. ppm . 10 5Lead, max. ppm 250 100 20Zinc, max. ppm 350 30 5Thallium, max. ppm 35 35 5Tin, max. ppm . . 1Silver, max. ppm . . 1Antimony, max. ppm . . 0.1Arsenic, max. ppm . . 1Mercury, max. ppm . . 0.1ADetermined by difference.BUNS designations were established in accordance wit
29、h Practice E527.B440 112SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B02 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(B440 - 00 (2005) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2011.)(1) Corrected typo in 7.1.(2) Deleted 12.4.ASTM International takes no posit
30、ion respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibilit
31、y.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM
32、 International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address s
33、hown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).B440 113
