1、Designation: B 456 03Standard Specification forElectrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel PlusChromium and Nickel Plus Chromium1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specificat
3、ion covers requirements for several typesand grades of electrodeposited copper plus nickel plus chro-mium or nickel plus chromium coatings on steel, nickel pluschromium coatings on copper and copper alloys, nickel pluschromium coatings on Type 300 and 400 series stainless steeland copper plus nickel
4、 plus chromium coatings on aluminumand its alloys and zinc alloys for applications where bothappearance and protection of the basis metal against corrosionare important. Five grades of coatings are provided to corre-spond with the service conditions under which each is expectedto provide satisfactor
5、y performance: namely, extended verysevere, very severe, severe, moderate, and mild. Definitionsand typical examples of these service conditions are providedin Appendix X1.1.2 This specification does not cover the requirements forthe plating on plastics, see Specification B 604.1.3 The following haz
6、ards caveat pertains only to the testmethods portions, Appendix X2, Appendix X3, Appendix X4,and Appendix X5 of this specification: This standard does notpurport to address all of safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appro
7、priate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:B 183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel forElectroplating2B 242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel forElectroplating2B 252 Guide for Pr
8、eparation of Zinc Alloy Die Castings forElectroplating and Conversion Coatings2B 253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Elec-troplating2B 254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating onStainless Steel2B 281 Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper BaseAlloys for Electroplating a
9、nd Conversion Coatings2B 320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-plating2B 368 Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-SaltSpray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)2B 380 Test Method of Corrosion Testing of DecorativeElectrodeposited Coatings by the Corrodkote Procedure2B 487 Test Method f
10、or Measurement of Metal and OxideCoating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of aCross Section2B 489 Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodepos-ited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings ofMetal2B 490 Practice for Micrometer Bend Test for Ductility ofElectrodeposits2B 499 Test
11、Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-nesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings onMagnetic Basis Metals2B 504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-tallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method2B 530 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-nesses by the Magnetic Method: Electro
12、deposited NickelCoatings on Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Substrates2B 537 Practice for Rating of Electroplated Panels Subjectedto Atmospheric Exposure2B 568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby X-Ray Spectrometry2B 571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of MetallicCoatings2B 602 Tes
13、t Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic andInorganic Coatings2B 604 Specification for Decorative Electroplated Coatingsof Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium on Plastics2B 659 Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic andInorganic Coatings21This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commi
14、ttee B08 onMetallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB08.08.03 on Decorative Coatings.Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originallyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as B 456 95.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol
15、 02.05.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.B 697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspectionof Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings2B 762 Test Method of Variables Sampling of Metallic andInorganic Coa
16、tings2B 764 Test Method for Simultaneous Thickness and Elec-trochemical Potential Determination of Individual Layersin Multilayer Nickel Deposit (STEP Test)2D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water3D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging4E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Precau-tions
17、for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and RelatedMaterials5G85 Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing32.2 ISO Standards:ISO 1456 Metallic coatingsElectrodeposited coatings ofnickel plus chromium and of copper plus nickel pluschromium63. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 significant surfacesthose surfaces
18、 normally visible(directly or by reflection) that are essential to the appearance orserviceability of the article, or both, when assembled in normalposition; or that can be the source of corrosion products thatdeface visible surfaces on the assembled article. When neces-sary, the significant surface
19、s shall be specified by the purchaserand shall be indicated on the drawings of the parts, or by theprovision of suitably marked samples.4. Classification4.1 Five grades of coatings designated by service conditionnumbers and several types of coatings defined by classificationnumbers are covered by th
20、is specification.4.2 Service Condition Number:4.2.1 The service condition number indicates the severity ofexposure for which the grade of coating is intended:SC 5 extended severe serviceSC 4 very severe service,SC 3 severe service,SC 2 moderate service, andSC 1 mild service.4.2.2 Typical service con
21、ditions for which the variousservice condition numbers are appropriate are given in Appen-dix X1.4.3 Coating Classification NumberThe coating classifica-tion number comprises:4.3.1 The chemical symbol for the basis metal (or for theprincipal metal if an alloy) followed by a slash mark, except inthe
22、case of stainless steel. In this case, the designation shall beSS followed by the designated AISI number followed by aslash, that is, SS463/,4.3.2 The chemical symbol for copper (Cu) (if copper isused),4.3.3 A number indicating the minimum thickness of thecopper coating in micrometres (if copper is
23、used),4.3.4 A lower-case letter designating the type of copperdeposit (if copper is used) (see 4.4 and 6.2.3),4.3.5 The chemical symbol for nickel (Ni),4.3.6 A number indicating the minimum thickness of thenickel coating, in micrometres,4.3.7 A lower-case letter designating the type of nickeldeposit
24、 (see 4.4 and 6.2.4),4.3.8 The chemical symbol for chromium (Cr), and4.3.9 A letter (or letters) designating the type of chromiumdeposit and its minimum thickness in micrometres (see 4.4 and6.2.5).4.4 Symbols for Expressing ClassificationThe followinglower-case letters shall be used in coating class
25、ification num-bers to describe the types of coatings:a ductile copper deposited from acid-type bathsb single-layer nickel deposited in the fully-bright conditiond double- or triple-layer nickel coatingsr regular (that is, conventional) chromiummc microcracked chromiummp microporous chromium4.5 Examp
26、le of Complete Classification NumbersA coat-ing on steel comprising 15 m minimum (ductile acid) copperplus 25 m minimum (duplex) nickel plus 0.25 m minimum(micro-cracked) chromium has the classification number: Fe/Cu15aNi25d Cr mc (see 4.3 and 6.2 for explanation ofsymbols).5. Ordering Information5.
27、1 When ordering articles to be electroplated in conform-ance with this standard, the purchaser shall state the following:5.1.1 The ASTM designation number of this standard.5.1.2 Either the classification number of the specific coatingrequired (see 4.3) or the substrate material and the servicecondit
28、ion number denoting the severity of the conditions it isrequired to withstand (see 4.2). If the service condition numberis quoted and not the classification number, the manufacturer isfree to supply any of the types of coatings designated by theclassification numbers corresponding to the specified s
29、ervicecondition number, as given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table4,orTable 5. On request, the manufacturer shall inform thepurchaser of the classification number of the coating applied.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.5Annual Book of ASTM Standar
30、ds, Vol 03.05.6Available from International Standards Organization, 1 Rue de Varembe,Geneva 20, Switzerland.TABLE 1 Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on SteelNOTE 1When permitted by the purchaser, copper may be used as anundercoat for nickel but is not substitutable for any part of the nickelthickness s
31、pecified. If the use of copper is permitted, Table 2 may be usedto obtain the same service conditions.Service ConditionNo.Classification No. Nickel Thickness,mSC 5 Fe/Ni35d Cr mc 35Fe/Ni35d Cr mp 35SC 4 Fe/Ni30d Cr mc 30Fe/Ni30d Cr mp 30SC 3 Fe/Ni25d Cr mc 25Fe/Ni25d Cr mp 25SC 2 Fe/Ni20b Cr r 20Fe/
32、Ni15b Cr mc 15Fe/Ni15b Cr mp 15SC 1 Fe/Ni10b Cr r 10B4560325.1.3 The appearance required, for example, bright, dull, orsatin. Alternatively, samples showing the required finish orrange of finish shall be supplied or approved by the purchaser.5.1.4 The significant surfaces, to be indicated on drawing
33、sof the parts, or by the provision of suitably marked specimens(see 3.1).5.1.5 The positions on significant surfaces for rack orcontact marks, where such marks are unavoidable (see 6.1.1).5.1.6 The extent to which defects shall be tolerated onnonsignificant surfaces.5.1.7 The elongation of copper if
34、 other than the standardvalue (see 6.4).5.1.8 The ducitility of the nickel if other than the standardvalue (see 6.5).5.1.9 The extent of tolerable surface deterioration aftercorrosion testing (see 6.7.3).5.1.10 Sampling methods and acceptance levels (see Sec-tion 7).5.1.11 The minimum values of the
35、electrode potential dif-ferences between individual nickel layers as measured inaccordance with Test Method B 764 within the limits given in6.8.5.1.12 Adhesion TestThe adhesion test to be used (see6.3).6. Product Requirements6.1 Visual Defects:6.1.1 The significant surfaces of the electroplated arti
36、cleshall be free of clearly visible plating defects, such as blisters,pits, roughness, cracks, and uncoated areas and shall not bestained or discolored. On articles where a visible contact markis unavoidable, its position shall be agreed upon by thepurchaser and the plater. The electroplated article
37、 shall be cleanand free of damage.6.1.2 Defects in the surface of the basis metal, such asscratches, porosity, nonconducting inclusions, roll and diemarks, cold shuts, and cracks, may adversely affect theappearance and the performance of coatings applied theretodespite the observance of the best ele
38、ctroplating practices.Accordingly, the platers responsibility for defects in thecoating resulting from such conditions shall be waived.NOTE 1To minimize problems of this type, the specifications cover-ing the basis material or the item to be electroplated should containappropriate limitations on suc
39、h basis metal conditions.6.2 Process and Coating Requirements:6.2.1 Proper preparatory procedures and thorough cleaningof the basis metal surface are essential for satisfactory adhesionand corrosion performance of the coating. Accordingly, theapplicable practices for the preparation of various basis
40、 metalsfor electroplating shall be followed. Practices B 183, B 242,B 252, B 281, and B 320 are examples of practices that may beused for the preparation of basis metals.6.2.2 Following the preparatory operations, the parts (ar-ticles) to be electroplated are introduced in such plating bathsas requi
41、red to produce the types of deposits described by thespecific coating classification numbers or one of the coatingclassification numbers listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table4,orTable 5 appropriate for the specified service conditionnumber.6.2.3 Type of Copper and Deposit Thickness:TABLE 2 Copp
42、er Plus Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on SteelService ConditionNo.Classification No. Nickel Thickness,mSC 5 Fe/Cu15a Ni30d Cr mc 30Fe/Cu15a Ni30d Cr mp 30SC 4 Fe/Cu15a Ni25d Cr mc 25Fe/Cu15a Ni25d Cr mp 25SC 3 Fe/Cu12a Ni20d Cr mc 20Fe/Cu12a Ni20d Cr mp 20TABLE 3 Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium Coa
43、tings on ZincAlloyService ConditionNo.Classification No. Nickel Thickness, mSC 5 Zn/Cu5 Ni35d Cr mc 35Zn/Cu5 Ni35d Cr mp 35SC 4 Zn/Cu5 Ni30d Cr mc 30Zn/Cu5 Ni30d Cr mp 30SC 3 Zn/Cu5 Ni20d Cr mc 20Zn/Cu5 Ni20d Cr mp 20SC 2 Zn/Cu5 Ni20b Cr r 20Zn/Cu5 Ni15b Cr mc 15Zn/Cu5 Ni15b Cr mp 15SC 1 Zn/Cu5 Ni10
44、b Cr r 10TABLE 4 Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on Copper or CopperAlloyService ConditionNo.Classification No. Nickel Thickness, mSC 4 Cu/Ni25d Cr mc 25Cu/Ni25d Cr mp 25SC 3 Cu/Ni20d Cr mc 20Cu/Ni20d Cr mp 20Cu/Ni30b Cr r 30Cu/Ni25b Cr mc 25Cu/Ni25b Cr mp 25SC 2 Cu/Ni15b Cr r 15Cu/Ni10b Cr mc 10Cu/Ni
45、10b Cr mp 10SC 1 Cu/Ni5b Cr r 5TABLE 5 Nickel Plus ChromiumAon Stainless Steels, AISIDesignated Type 300 and 400 Series,Band Copper Plus NickelPlus Chromium on Aluminum and Its AlloysNOTE 1Before nickel-chromium plating, the stainless steel surfaceand the aluminum substrate shall be prepared by a pr
46、etreatment fromPractice B 254,CGuide B 253,Dor equivalent, which is agreed uponbetween the supplier and the user.Service ConditionNo.Classification No.Nickel Thickness,mSC 4 SS-3XXE/Ni20b/Cr mp 20SC 4 SS-4xxE/Ni25b/Cr mp 25SC 5 Al/Cu15a/Ni40d/Cr mp 40AData in Table 5 were obtained using only micropo
47、rous chromium systems. Nodata are available for the use of standard or microcracked systems.BThe stainless steel alloy numbers used in this specification are based on theAISI system. They may not be interchangeable with other numbering systemssuch as the United Numbering System (UNS) or foreign desi
48、gnations.CPreplate for stainless steel substrates.DPreplate for aluminum substrates.EInsert number for specific 300 or 400 alloy.B4560336.2.3.1 Type of CopperThe type of copper is designatedby the following symbols that are placed after the thicknessvalue:a for ductile copper deposited from acid-typ
49、e baths contain-ing additives that promote leveling by the copper deposit andthat have an elongation not less than 8 %.No symbol is placed after the thickness value if a minimumelongation is not required or if a deposit from a non-levelingbath is permitted.6.2.3.2 Thickness of Copper DepositsThe number follow-ing the chemical symbol for copper (Cu) indicates in microme-tres the minimum thickness of the copper deposit at points onsignificant surfaces (see 3.1).6.2.4 Type of Nickel and Deposit Thickness:6.2.4.1 Type of NickelThe type of nickel is designated byt
