1、Designation: B456 11Standard Specification forElectrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel PlusChromium and Nickel Plus Chromium1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification
3、 covers requirements for several typesand grades of electrodeposited copper plus nickel plus chro-mium or nickel plus chromium coatings on steel, nickel pluschromium coatings on copper and copper alloys, nickel pluschromium coatings on Type 300 and 400 series stainless steeland copper plus nickel pl
4、us chromium coatings on aluminumand its alloys and zinc alloys for applications where bothappearance and protection of the basis metal against corrosionare important. Five grades of coatings are provided to corre-spond with the service conditions under which each is expectedto provide satisfactory p
5、erformance: namely, extended verysevere, very severe, severe, moderate, and mild. Definitionsand typical examples of these service conditions are providedin Appendix X1.1.2 This specification does not cover the requirements forthe plating on plastics, see Specification B604.1.3 The following hazards
6、 caveat pertains only to the testmethods portions, Appendix X2, Appendix X3, Appendix X4,and Appendix X5 of this specification: This standard does notpurport to address all of safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropria
7、te safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel forElectroplatingB242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-troplatingB252 Guide for Preparat
8、ion of Zinc Alloy Die Castings forElectroplating and Conversion CoatingsB253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Elec-troplatingB254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating onStainless SteelB281 Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-BaseAlloys for Electroplating and Conversio
9、n CoatingsB320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-platingB368 Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-SaltSpray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)B380 Test Method for Corrosion Testing of DecorativeElectrodeposited Coatings by the Corrodkote ProcedureB487 Test Method for Measurement
10、 of Metal and OxideCoating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of CrossSectionB489 Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodepos-ited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings onMetalsB490 Practice for Micrometer Bend Test for Ductility ofElectrodepositsB499 Test Method for Measuremen
11、t of Coating Thick-nesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings onMagnetic Basis MetalsB504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-tallic Coatings by the Coulometric MethodB530 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-nesses by the Magnetic Method: Electrodeposited NickelCoatings
12、on Magnetic and Nonmagnetic SubstratesB537 Practice for Rating of Electroplated Panels Subjectedto Atmospheric ExposureB568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby X-Ray SpectrometryB571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of MetallicCoatingsB602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling o
13、f Metallic andInorganic Coatings1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 onMetallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB08.08.03 on Decorative Coatings.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approvedin 196
14、7. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B456 03(2009). DOI:10.1520/B0456-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
15、 onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.B604 Specification for Decorative Electroplated Coatingsof Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium on PlasticsB659 Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inor-ganic
16、CoatingsB697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspectionof Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic CoatingsB762 Test Method of Variables Sampling of Metallic andInorganic CoatingsB764 Test Method for Simultaneous Thickness and Elec-trode Potential Determination of Individual Layers inMultil
17、ayer Nickel Deposit (STEP Test)D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Consid-erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, andRelated MaterialsG85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing2.2 ISO Standards:
18、ISO 1456 Metallic coatingsElectrodeposited coatings ofnickel plus chromium and of copper plus nickel pluschromium33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 significant surfacesthose surfaces normally visible(directly or by reflection) that are essential to the appearance orserviceability of the article, o
19、r both, when assembled in normalposition; or that can be the source of corrosion products thatdeface visible surfaces on the assembled article. When neces-sary, the significant surfaces shall be specified by the purchaserand shall be indicated on the drawings of the parts, or by theprovision of suit
20、ably marked samples.4. Classification4.1 Five grades of coatings designated by service conditionnumbers and several types of coatings defined by classificationnumbers are covered by this specification.4.2 Service Condition Number:4.2.1 The service condition number indicates the severity ofexposure f
21、or which the grade of coating is intended:SC 5 extended severe serviceSC 4 very severe service,SC 3 severe service,SC 2 moderate service, andSC 1 mild service.4.2.2 Typical service conditions for which the variousservice condition numbers are appropriate are given in Appen-dix X1.4.3 Coating Classif
22、ication NumberThe coating classifica-tion number comprises:4.3.1 The chemical symbol for the basis metal (or for theprincipal metal if an alloy) followed by a slash mark, except inthe case of stainless steel. In this case, the designation shall beSS followed by the designated AISI number followed by
23、 aslash, that is, SS463/,4.3.2 The chemical symbol for copper (Cu) (if copper isused),4.3.3 A number indicating the minimum thickness of thecopper coating in micrometres (if copper is used),4.3.4 A lower-case letter designating the type of copperdeposit (if copper is used) (see 4.4 and 6.2.3),4.3.5
24、The chemical symbol for nickel (Ni),4.3.6 A number indicating the minimum thickness of thenickel coating, in micrometres,4.3.7 A lower-case letter designating the type of nickeldeposit (see 4.4 and 6.2.4),4.3.8 The chemical symbol for chromium (Cr), and4.3.9 A letter (or letters) designating the typ
25、e of chromiumdeposit and its minimum thickness in micrometres (see 4.4 and6.2.5).4.4 Symbols for Expressing ClassificationThe followinglower-case letters shall be used in coating classification num-bers to describe the types of coatings:a ductile copper deposited from acid-type bathsb single-layer n
26、ickel deposited in the fully-bright conditiond double- or triple-layer nickel coatingsr regular (that is, conventional) chromiummc microcracked chromiummp microporous chromium4.5 Example of Complete Classification NumbersA coat-ing on steel comprising 15 m minimum (ductile acid) copperplus 25 m mini
27、mum (duplex) nickel plus 0.25 m minimum(micro-cracked) chromium has the classification number: Fe/Cu15aNi25d Cr mc (see 4.3 and 6.2 for explanation ofsymbols).5. Ordering Information5.1 When ordering articles to be electroplated in confor-mance with this standard, the purchaser shall state the follo
28、w-ing:5.1.1 The ASTM designation number of this standard.5.1.2 Either the classification number of the specific coatingrequired (see 4.3) or the substrate material and the servicecondition number denoting the severity of the conditions it isrequired to withstand (see 4.2). If the service condition n
29、umberis quoted and not the classification number, the manufacturer isfree to supply any of the types of coatings designated by theclassification numbers corresponding to the specified servicecondition number, as given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table4,orTable 5. On request, the manufacturer shall
30、 inform thepurchaser of the classification number of the coating applied.5.1.3 The appearance required, for example, bright, dull, orsatin. Alternatively, samples showing the required finish orrange of finish shall be supplied or approved by the purchaser.5.1.4 The significant surfaces, to be indica
31、ted on drawingsof the parts, or by the provision of suitably marked specimens(see 3.1).5.1.5 The positions on significant surfaces for rack orcontact marks, where such marks are unavoidable (see 6.1.1).5.1.6 The extent to which defects shall be tolerated onnonsignificant surfaces.5.1.7 The elongatio
32、n of copper if other than the standardvalue (see 6.4).3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.B456 1125.1.8 The ducitility of the nickel if other than the standardvalue (see 6.5)
33、.5.1.9 The extent of tolerable surface deterioration aftercorrosion testing (see 6.7.3).5.1.10 Sampling methods and acceptance levels (see Sec-tion 7).5.1.11 The minimum values of the electrode potential dif-ferences between individual nickel layers as measured inaccordance with Test Method B764 wit
34、hin the limits given in6.8.5.1.12 Adhesion TestThe adhesion test to be used (see6.3).6. Product Requirements6.1 Visual Defects:6.1.1 The significant surfaces of the electroplated articleshall be free of clearly visible plating defects, such as blisters,pits, roughness, cracks, and uncoated areas and
35、 shall not bestained or discolored. On articles where a visible contact markis unavoidable, its position shall be agreed upon by thepurchaser and the plater. The electroplated article shall be cleanand free of damage.6.1.2 Defects in the surface of the basis metal, such asscratches, porosity, noncon
36、ducting inclusions, roll and diemarks, cold shuts, and cracks, may adversely affect theappearance and the performance of coatings applied theretodespite the observance of the best electroplating practices.Accordingly, the platers responsibility for defects in thecoating resulting from such condition
37、s shall be waived.NOTE 1To minimize problems of this type, the specifications cover-ing the basis material or the item to be electroplated should containappropriate limitations on such basis metal conditions.6.2 Process and Coating Requirements:6.2.1 Proper preparatory procedures and thorough cleani
38、ngof the basis metal surface are essential for satisfactory adhesionand corrosion performance of the coating. Accordingly, theapplicable practices for the preparation of various basis metalsfor electroplating shall be followed. Practices B183, B242,B252, B281, and B320 are examples of practices that
39、 may beused for the preparation of basis metals.6.2.2 Following the preparatory operations, the parts (ar-ticles) to be electroplated are introduced in such plating bathsas required to produce the types of deposits described by theTABLE 1 Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on SteelNOTE 1When permitted by
40、 the purchaser, copper may be used as anundercoat for nickel but is not substitutable for any part of the nickelthickness specified. If the use of copper is permitted, Table 2 may be usedto obtain the same service conditions.Service ConditionNo.Classification No. Nickel Thickness,mSC 5 Fe/Ni35d Cr m
41、c 35Fe/Ni35d Cr mp 35SC 4 Fe/Ni30d Cr mc 30Fe/Ni30d Cr mp 30SC 3 Fe/Ni25d Cr mc 25Fe/Ni25d Cr mp 25SC 2 Fe/Ni20b Cr r 20Fe/Ni15b Cr mc 15Fe/Ni15b Cr mp 15SC 1 Fe/Ni10b Cr r 10TABLE 2 Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on SteelService ConditionNo.Classification No. Nickel Thickness,mSC 5 Fe/Cu
42、15a Ni30d Cr mc 30Fe/Cu15a Ni30d Cr mp 30SC 4 Fe/Cu15a Ni25d Cr mc 25Fe/Cu15a Ni25d Cr mp 25SC 3 Fe/Cu12a Ni20d Cr mc 20Fe/Cu12a Ni20d Cr mp 20TABLE 3 Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on ZincAlloyService ConditionNo.Classification No. Nickel Thickness, mSC 5 Zn/Cu5 Ni35d Cr mc 35Zn/Cu5 Ni35
43、d Cr mp 35SC 4 Zn/Cu5 Ni30d Cr mc 30Zn/Cu5 Ni30d Cr mp 30SC 3 Zn/Cu5 Ni20d Cr mc 20Zn/Cu5 Ni20d Cr mp 20SC 2 Zn/Cu5 Ni20b Cr r 20Zn/Cu5 Ni15b Cr mc 15Zn/Cu5 Ni15b Cr mp 15SC 1 Zn/Cu5 Ni10b Cr r 10TABLE 4 Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on Copper or CopperAlloyService ConditionNo.Classification No. Nic
44、kel Thickness, mSC 4 Cu/Ni25d Cr mc 25Cu/Ni25d Cr mp 25SC 3 Cu/Ni20d Cr mc 20Cu/Ni20d Cr mp 20Cu/Ni30b Cr r 30Cu/Ni25b Cr mc 25Cu/Ni25b Cr mp 25SC 2 Cu/Ni15b Cr r 15Cu/Ni10b Cr mc 10Cu/Ni10b Cr mp 10SC 1 Cu/Ni5b Cr r 5TABLE 5 Nickel Plus ChromiumAon Stainless Steels, AISIDesignated Type 300 and 400
45、Series,Band Copper Plus NickelPlus Chromium on Aluminum and Its AlloysNOTE 1Before nickel-chromium plating, the stainless steel surfaceand the aluminum substrate shall be prepared by a pretreatment fromPractice B254,CGuide B253,Dor equivalent, which is agreed uponbetween the supplier and the user.Se
46、rvice ConditionNo.Classification No.Nickel Thickness,mSC 4 SS-3XXE/Ni20b/Cr mp 20SC 4 SS-4xxE/Ni25b/Cr mp 25SC 5 Al/Cu15a/Ni40d/Cr mp 40AData in Table 5 were obtained using only microporous chromium systems. Nodata are available for the use of standard or microcracked systems.BThe stainless steel al
47、loy numbers used in this specification are based on theAISI system. They may not be interchangeable with other numbering systemssuch as the United Numbering System (UNS) or foreign designations.CPreplate for stainless steel substrates.DPreplate for aluminum substrates.EInsert number for specific 300
48、 or 400 alloy.B456 113specific coating classification numbers or one of the coatingclassification numbers listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table4,orTable 5 appropriate for the specified service conditionnumber.6.2.3 Type of Copper and Deposit Thickness:6.2.3.1 Type of CopperThe type of copper is
49、 designatedby the following symbols that are placed after the thicknessvalue:a for ductile copper deposited from acid-type baths contain-ing additives that promote leveling by the copper deposit andthat have an elongation not less than 8 %.No symbol is placed after the thickness value if a minimumelongation is not required or if a deposit from a non-levelingbath is permitted.6.2.3.2 Thickness of Copper DepositsThe number follow-ing the chemical symbol for copper (Cu) indicates in microme-tres the minimum thickness of the copper deposit at points onsignif
