1、Designation: B456 111B456 17Standard Specification forElectrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel PlusChromium and Nickel Plus Chromium1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1 NOTEThis standa
3、rd was corrected editorially in 2011.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for several types and grades of electrodeposited copper plus nickel plus chromiumor nickel plus chromium coatings on steel, nickel plus chromium coatings on copper and copper alloys, nickel plus chromiumcoatings
4、on Type 300 and 400 series stainless steel and copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings on aluminum and its alloys andzinc alloys for applications where both appearance and protection of the basis metal against corrosion are important. Five gradesof coatings are provided to correspond with the serv
5、ice conditions under which each is expected to provide satisfactoryperformance: namely, extended very severe, very severe, severe, moderate, and mild. Definitions and typical examples of theseservice conditions are provided in Appendix X1.1.2 This specification does not cover the requirements for th
6、e plating on plastics, see Specification B604.1.3 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portions, Appendix X2, Appendix X3, Appendix X4, andAppendix X5 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.It
7、 is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationesta
8、blished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for Electrop
9、latingB242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for ElectroplatingB252 Guide for Preparation of Zinc Alloy Die Castings for Electroplating and Conversion CoatingsB253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for ElectroplatingB254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on Stainless Ste
10、elB281 Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-Base Alloys for Electroplating and Conversion CoatingsB320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for ElectroplatingB368 Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)B380 Test Method for Corrosion Testing o
11、f Decorative Electrodeposited Coatings by the Corrodkote ProcedureB487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of Cross SectionB489 Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on MetalsB
12、490 Practice for Micrometer Bend Test for Ductility of ElectrodepositsB499 Test Method for Measurement of CoatingThicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic BasisMetals1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and
13、 is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.05 onDecorative Coatings.Current edition approved June 1, 2011May 1, 2017. Published July 2011June 2017. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as B456 11.DOI: 10.1520/B0456-11E01.10.1520/B0456-17.2 For referencedASTM sta
14、ndards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an
15、ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publish
16、ed by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric MethodB530 Test Method for Measurement of Coati
17、ng Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings onMagnetic and Nonmagnetic SubstratesB537 Practice for Rating of Electroplated Panels Subjected to Atmospheric ExposureB568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray SpectrometryB571 Practice for Qualitative Adhe
18、sion Testing of Metallic CoatingsB602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and Inorganic CoatingsB604 Specification for Decorative Electroplated Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium on PlasticsB659 Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inorganic CoatingsB697 Guide for Selec
19、tion of Sampling Plans for Inspection of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic CoatingsB762 Test Method of Variables Sampling of Metallic and Inorganic CoatingsB764 Test Method for Simultaneous Thickness and Electrode Potential Determination of Individual Layers in Multilayer NickelDeposit (STEP T
20、est)B995 Test Method for Chloride Resistance Test for Chromium Electroplated Parts (Russian Mud Test)D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE50 Practices forApparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for ChemicalAnalysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
21、G85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 1456 Metallic coatingsElectrodeposited coatings of nickel plus chromium and of copper plus nickel plus chromium33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 significant surfacesthose surfaces normally visible (directly or by reflection)
22、that are essential to the appearance orserviceability of the article, or both, when assembled in normal position; or that can be the source of corrosion products that defacevisible surfaces on the assembled article. When necessary, the significant surfaces shall be specified by the purchaser and sha
23、ll beindicated on the drawings of the parts, or by the provision of suitably marked samples.3.1.2 p-pointsspecific points of measurement that are encouraged to be determined and agreed upon with the customer earlyin the contract review process. These are used for measurement of critical characterist
24、ics that vary with current density such asthickness, STEP, active sites, etc. and may be designated at multiple locations per part.4. Classification4.1 Five grades of coatings designated by service condition numbers and several types of coatings defined by classificationnumbers are covered by this s
25、pecification.4.2 Service Condition Number:4.2.1 The service condition number indicates the severity of exposure for which the grade of coating is intended:SC 5 extended severe serviceSC 4 very severe service,SC 3 severe service,SC 2 moderate service, andSC 1 mild service.4.2.2 Typical service condit
26、ions for which the various service condition numbers are appropriate are given in Appendix X1.4.3 Coating Classification NumberThe coating classification number comprises:4.3.1 The chemical symbol for the basis metal (or for the principal metal if an alloy) followed by a slash mark, except in thecas
27、e of stainless steel. In this case, the designation shall be SS followed by the designated AISI number followed by a slash, thatis, SS463/,4.3.2 The chemical symbol for copper (Cu) (if copper is used),4.3.3 A number indicating the minimum thickness of the copper coating in micrometers (if copper is
28、used),4.3.4 A lower-case letter designating the type of copper deposit (if copper is used) (see 4.4 and 6.2.3),4.3.5 The chemical symbol for nickel (Ni),4.3.6 A number indicating the minimum thickness of the nickel coating, in micrometers,4.3.7 A lower-case letter designating the type of nickel depo
29、sit (see 4.4 and 6.2.4),4.3.8 The chemical symbol for chromium (Cr), and4.3.9 A letter (or letters) designating the type of chromium deposit and its minimum thickness in micrometers (see 4.4 and6.2.5).3 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Ca
30、se postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.B456 1724.4 Symbols for Expressing ClassificationThe following lower-case letters shall be used in coating classification numbers todescribe the types of coatings:a ductile copper deposited from acid-type bathsb single-layer nickel dep
31、osited in the fully-bright conditiond double- or triple-layer nickel coatingsr regular (that is, conventional) chromiummc microcracked chromiummp microporous chromium4.5 Example of Complete Classification NumbersA coating on steel comprising 15 m minimum (ductile acid) copper plus25 m minimum (duple
32、x) nickel plus 0.25 m minimum (micro-cracked) chromium has the classification number: Fe/Cu15aNi25dCr mc (see 4.3 and 6.2 for explanation of symbols).5. Ordering Information5.1 When ordering articles to be electroplated in conformance with this standard, the purchaser shall state the following:5.1.1
33、 The ASTM designation number of this standard.5.1.2 Either the classification number of the specific coating required (see 4.3) or the substrate material and the service conditionnumber denoting the severity of the conditions it is required to withstand (see 4.2). If the service condition number is
34、quoted andnot the classification number, the manufacturer is free to supply any of the types of coatings designated by the classificationnumbers corresponding to the specified service condition number, as given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, or Table 5. Onrequest, the manufacturer shall info
35、rm the purchaser of the classification number of the coating applied.5.1.3 The appearance required, for example, bright, dull, or satin. Alternatively, samples showing the required finish or rangeof finish shall be supplied or approved by the purchaser.5.1.4 The significant surfaces, to be indicated
36、 on drawings of the parts, or by the provision of suitably marked specimens (see3.1).5.1.5 The positions on significant surfaces for rack or contact marks, where such marks are unavoidable (see 6.1.1).5.1.6 The extent to which defects shall be tolerated on nonsignificant surfaces.5.1.7 The elongatio
37、n of copper if other than the standard value (see 6.4).5.1.8 The ductility of the nickel if other than the standard value (see 6.5).5.1.9 The extent of tolerable surface deterioration after corrosion testing (see 6.8.3).5.1.10 Sampling methods and acceptance levels (see Section 7).5.1.11 The minimum
38、 and maximum values of the electrode potential differences between individual nickel layers as measuredin accordance with Test Method B764 within the limits given in 6.9.5.1.12 Adhesion TestThe adhesion test to be used (see 6.3).6. Product Requirements6.1 Visual Defects:TABLE 1 Nickel Plus Chromium
39、Coatings on SteelNOTE 1When permitted by the purchaser, copper may be used as anundercoat for nickel but is not substitutable for any part of the nickelthickness specified. If the use of copper is permitted, Table 2 may be usedto obtain the same service conditions.NOTE 2Satin nickel may replace or b
40、e deposited over the bright nickellayer per supplier recommendations.NOTE 3Substrate condition can have a significant impact on corrosionperformance.Service ConditionNo.Classification No. Nickel Thickness,mSC 5 Fe/Ni35d Cr mc 35Fe/Ni35d Cr mp 35SC 4 Fe/Ni30d Cr mc 30Fe/Ni30d Cr mp 30SC 3 Fe/Ni25d Cr
41、 mc 25Fe/Ni25d Cr mp 25SC 2 Fe/Ni20b Cr r 20Fe/Ni15b Cr mc 15Fe/Ni15b Cr mp 15SC 1 Fe/Ni10b Cr r 10B456 1736.1.1 The significant surfaces of the electroplated article shall be free of clearly visible plating defects, such as blisters, pits,roughness, cracks, and uncoated areas and shall not be stain
42、ed or discolored. On articles where a visible contact mark isunavoidable, its position shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and the plater. The electroplated article shall be clean and free ofdamage.TABLE 2 Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on SteelService ConditionNo.Classification No. Nic
43、kel Thickness,mSC 5 Fe/Cu15a Ni30d Cr mc 30Fe/Cu15a Ni30d Cr mp 30SC 4 Fe/Cu15a Ni25d Cr mc 25Fe/Cu15a Ni25d Cr mp 25SC 3 Fe/Cu12a Ni20d Cr mc 20Fe/Cu12a Ni20d Cr mp 20TABLE 3 Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on ZincAlloyService ConditionNo. Classification No. Nickel Thickness, mSC 5 Zn/Cu5
44、 Ni35d Cr mc 35Zn/Cu5 Ni35d Cr mp 35SC 4 Zn/Cu5 Ni30d Cr mc 30Zn/Cu5 Ni30d Cr mp 30SC 3 Zn/Cu5 Ni20d Cr mc 20Zn/Cu5 Ni20d Cr mp 20SC 2 Zn/Cu5 Ni20b Cr r 20Zn/Cu5 Ni15b Cr mc 15Zn/Cu5 Ni15b Cr mp 15SC 1 Zn/Cu5 Ni10b Cr r 10TABLE 4 Nickel Plus Chromium Coatings on Copper or CopperAlloyService Conditio
45、nNo. Classification No. Nickel Thickness, mSC 4 Cu/Ni25d Cr mc 25Cu/Ni25d Cr mp 25SC 3 Cu/Ni20d Cr mc 20Cu/Ni20d Cr mp 20Cu/Ni30b Cr r 30Cu/Ni25b Cr mc 25Cu/Ni25b Cr mp 25SC 2 Cu/Ni15b Cr r 15Cu/Ni10b Cr mc 10Cu/Ni10b Cr mp 10SC 1 Cu/Ni5b Cr r 5TABLE 5 Nickel Plus ChromiumA on Stainless Steels, AISI
46、Designated Type 300 and 400 Series,B and Copper Plus NickelPlus Chromium on Aluminum and Its AlloysNOTE 1Before nickel-chromium plating, the stainless steel surfaceand the aluminum substrate shall be prepared by a pretreatment fromPractice B254,C Guide B253,D or equivalent, which is agreed uponbetwe
47、en the supplier and the user.Service ConditionNo. Classification No.Nickel Thickness,mSC 4 SS-3XXE /Ni20b/Cr mp 20SC 4 SS-4xxE /Ni25b/Cr mp 25SC 5 Al/Cu15a/Ni40d/Cr mp 40A Data in Table 5 were obtained using only microporous chromium systems. Nodata arewere available for the use of standard or micro
48、cracked systems.B The stainless steel alloy numbers used in this specification are based on theAISIsystem. They may not be interchangeable with other numbering systems such asthe United Numbering System (UNS) or foreign designations.C Preplate for stainless steel substrates.D Preplate for aluminum s
49、ubstrates.E Insert AISI number for specific 300 or 400 alloy.B456 1746.1.2 Defects in the surface of the basis metal, such as scratches, porosity, nonconducting inclusions, roll and die marks, coldshuts, weld imperfections, and cracks, may adversely affect the appearance and the performance of coatings applied thereto despitethe observance of the best electroplating practices.Accordingly, the platers responsibility for defects in the coating resulting fromsuch conditions shall be waived.NOTE 1To minimize problems of this type, the specifica
