1、Designation: B49 16Standard Specification forCopper Rod for Electrical Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B49; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parenthes
2、es indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements for rod indiameters from14
3、 to 138 in. (6.4 to 35 mm) produced fromhigh conductivity coppers listed inTable 1, namely, electrolytictough-pitch, oxygen-free, or fire-refined high conductivitycoppers, and are suitable for further fabrication into electricalconductors.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardeda
4、s standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only toSection 13. This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, a
5、ssociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents in the current issue of theBook of Standards f
6、orm a part of this specification to the extentreferenced herein and define materials suitable for use in rodmanufacture:2.2 ASTM Standards:2B5 Specification for High Conductivity Tough-Pitch CopperRefinery ShapesB115 Specification for Electrolytic Copper CathodeB170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Ele
7、ctrolytic CopperRefinery ShapesB193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsB224 Classification of CoppersB577 Test Methods for Detection of Cuprous Oxide (Hydro-gen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in CopperB846 Terminology for Copper and Copper AlloysE8/E8M Test Methods for Tensio
8、n Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE53 Test Method for Determination of Copper in UnalloyedCopper by GravimetryE478 Test Methods for Chemical An
9、alysis of Copper AlloysE1606 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Exami-nation of Copper and Aluminum Redraw Rod for Electri-cal PurposesE2575 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen in Copperand Copper Alloys2.3 Other Document:3NBS Handbook 100 Copper Wire Tables3. Terminology3.1 For definit
10、ions of general terms relating to copper andcopper alloys refer to Terminology B846.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for rod under this specification shall include thefollowing information:4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Quantity of each size,4.1.3 UNS designation and requirements of
11、 copper (Sec-tions 510),4.1.4 Finish (Sections 9 and 10),4.1.5 Package with or without joints (see 5.3),4.1.6 Rod diameter (see 9.2),4.1.7 Inspection (Section 15),4.1.8 Package size (see 19.1), and4.1.9 Special package marking as agreed upon between themanufacturer and the purchaser (Section 19).1Th
12、is specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.07 onRefined Copper.Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as B4915a
13、. DOI:10.1520/B0049-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Technical Inf
14、ormation Service (NTIS), 5301 ShawneeRd., Alexandria, VA 22312, http:/www.ntis.gov.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 The following requirements are opt
15、ional and should bespecified in the contract or purchase order when required.4.2.1 Certification (Section 17) and4.2.2 Test Report (Section 18).5. Material and Manufacture5.1 The rod shall be fabricated from copper of such qualityand purity that the finished product shall have the propertiesand char
16、acteristics prescribed in this specification.NOTE 1The following specifications define materials suitable for use:Classification B224, or Specification B5, or Specification B115,orSpecification B170.5.2 Copper of special qualities, forms, or types, as agreedupon between the manufacturer and the purc
17、haser and that willconform to the requirements prescribed in this specificationmay also be used.5.3 The rod coils shall be furnished in continuous lengthswith or without joints, as ordered.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Each rod type shall conform to the chemical composi-tion requirements prescribed in
18、Table 1 for the type of copperordered (Section 5).6.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and thepurchaser, the addition of silver up to an average of 30 troy ozper short ton of copper (0.10 %) will be considered within thespecification, copper including silver in the chemical analysis,with no ind
19、ividual silver analysis to exceed 35 troy oz per shortton (0.12 %). In the case of oxygen-free silver-bearing coppers,the designation OFS (oxygen-free, silver-bearing) will be usedas shown in Classification B224 and will include the UNS Nos.C10400, C10500, and C10700 as defined by the agreed silverc
20、ontent.6.3 Silver-bearing tough-pitch copper corresponds to thedesignation STP (silver-bearing tough-pitch) as shown inClassification B224 and to coppers having UNS Nos. C11300,C11400, C11500, and C11600.6.4 Oxygen ContentOxygen-free copper as describedherein is defined as a copper containing not in
21、 excess of0.0010 % (10 ppm) oxygen and produced without the use ofmetallic or other deoxidizers.7. Physical Property Requirements7.1 Electrical ResistivityResistivity of the copper in theannealed condition (See Note X1.1 and Table 2) shall notexceed the following values at 20C:Type of CopperResistiv
22、ity, max, at 20CAnnealed, g/m2UNS C10100 only 0.15176 (101.00 % IACS min)All others 0.15328 (100.00 % IACS min)8. Mechanical Property Requirements8.1 Tensile TestsRod finished by hot working or annealingshall have a minimum elongation of 30 % in 10 in. (250 mm).(Note X1.2 and Test Methods E8/E8M.)8.
23、2 Torsion (Twist) TestsTorsion tests are not a require-ment of this specification. However, a discussion will be foundin Note X1.3.TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionAUNS NumberCopper TypeC11000ETPC11040ETPC10100OFEBC10200OFCCopper, min 99.90 %Dincl silver99.90 %E99.99 %E99.95 %Dincl silverppm ppm ppm ppmT
24、ellurium, max . . . 2 2 . . .Selenium, max . . . 2 3 . . .Bismuth, max . . . 1.0 1.0 . . .Grouptotal,max . 3 . .Antimony, max . . . 4 4 . . .Arsenic, max . . . 5 5 . . .Tin,max . 5 2 .Lead, max . . . 5 5 . . .Iron, max . . . 10 10 . . .Nickel, max . . . 10 10 . . .Sulfur, max . . . 15 15 . . .Silver
25、, max . . . 25 25 . . .Oxygen . . . 100650 5 max 10 maxMaximumallowable total. 65F. .Cadmium, max . . . . . . 1 . . .Phosphorus, max . . . . . . 3 . . .Zinc,max . . 1 .Manganese, max . . . . . . 0.5 . . .Fire-Refined CoppersUNS NumberCopper TypeC11020FRHCC11025FRHCCopper, minincl silver99.90 %D99.90
26、 %DTellurium, max . . . 10Selenium, max . . . 10Bismuth, max . . . 5Group total, max . . . . . .Antimony, max . . . 50Arsenic, max . . . 10Tin, max . . . 150Lead . . . 150450Iron, max . . . 20Nickel, max . . . 150Sulfur, max . . . 20Silver, max . . . 150Oxygen . . . 100400Maximumallowable total. 750
27、FCadmium, max . . . 100Phosphorus, max . . . . . .Zinc, max . . . 80Manganese, max . . . . . .ASee 13.1.2.BFrom Specification B170 Grade 1 copper or equivalent.CFrom Specification B170 Grade 2 copper or equivalent.DSee 13.1.1.EBy difference. See 13.1.2 and 13.1.3.FNot including oxygen.TABLE 2 Equiva
28、lent Resistivity ValuesAConductivity at 68F (20C), % IACS 100.00 101.00 lb/mile2875.20 866.53 g/m20.153 28 0.151 76 c mil/ft 10.371 10.268 mm2/m 0.017 241 0 0.017 070 in. 0.678 79 0.672 07 cm 1.7241 1.7070AThe equivalent resistivity values for 100 % IACS (soft copper) were eachcomputed from the fund
29、amental IEC value (1/58 mm2/m) using conversionfactors each accurate to at least seven significant figures.B491628.3 Embrittlement (Bend) Test:8.3.1 A test to reflect propensity towards hydrogen em-brittlement shall be performed only on oxygen-free copper.8.3.2 The specimen shall be tested in accord
30、ance with 13.6and Specification B170.8.3.3 The specimen, prepared and tested from the OFE(oxygen-free electronic) copper (UNS C10100) listed in Table1, shall withstand without breaking into two pieces, a minimumof ten (10) reverse bends.8.3.4 The specimen, prepared and tested from the OF(oxygen-free
31、) copper (UNS C10200) listed in Table 1, shallwithstand, without breaking into two pieces, a minimum ofeight (8) reverse bends.8.4 AnnealabilityAnnealability is not a requirement ofthis specification. However, a discussion will be found in NoteX1.4, Note X1.5, Note X1.6, and Note X1.7.9. Other Requi
32、rements9.1 Surface OxideThe surface oxide film thickness shallbe determined in accordance with 13.5.9.1.1 Total thickness of the copper oxide film on cleanedcopper rod or annealed shaved rod or cold-finished rod shallnot exceed 750 (7.5 108m).9.1.2 The residual oxide film thickness on as-shaved rodd
33、oes not need to be specified.9.1.3 A surface oxide requirement is not necessary for rodordered uncleaned.9.2 DiameterThe diameter of the rod at any point shall notvary from that specified by more than the amounts prescribedin Table 3.9.3 Electromagnetic (Eddy-current) ExaminationElectro-magnetic exa
34、mination of copper redraw rod is not a require-ment of this specification. If it is performed for detectingsurface discontinuities, however, a discussion will be found inNote X1.8.10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance10.1 The rod shall be free of defects, but blemishes of anature that do not inter
35、fere with the intended application areacceptable.11. Sampling11.1 Routine SamplingFor the routine analysis of copperrod coils, the methods of sampling shall be at the discretion ofthe tester.11.2 This procedure shall be used in case of rod disputebetween the manufacturer and the purchaser.11.2.1 A l
36、ot shall be considered as a single coil of finishedrod. A minimum of two samples of sufficient length shall betaken from the suspected non-conforming rod coil for re-testing. Samples may be taken from either end of the rod coilat the discretion of the tester. Specific numbers and locationsshall be d
37、etermined between the producer and user. If the testpieces from both test samples pass the appropriate test(s), thenthe coil shall be deemed to conform to the particular require-ment(s) of the standard. If a test piece fails a test, the rod coilrepresented in the shipping lot shall be deemed not to
38、conformto this standard.11.2.2 A shipping lot shall be the quantity of rod in coilform that is present in a single container, such as a truck orrailroad car.11.3 When a cast refinery shape has been chemicallyanalyzed and converted into rod without remelting, furtherchemical analysis shall not be req
39、uired.12. Number of Tests and Retests12.1 Tests:12.1.1 Chemical AnalysisChemical composition shall bedetermined in accordance with the element mean of the resultsfrom at least two replicate analyses of the sample(s).12.1.2 Other Tests:12.1.2.1 Electrical Resistivity, Tensile Elongation,Diameter, and
40、 Surface OxideResults shall be reported as theaverage obtained from at least two test specimens, each takenfrom a separate test piece where possible.12.1.2.2 Hydrogen Embrittlement Test and MicroscopicalExaminationAll specimens tested must meet the require-ments of the specification.12.2 Retests:12.
41、2.1 When requested by the manufacturer or supplier, aretest shall be permitted when results of tests obtained by thepurchaser fail to conform to the requirements of the productspecification.12.2.2 The retest shall be as directed in the product speci-fication for the initial test except the number of
42、 test specimensshall be twice that normally required for the specified test.12.2.3 All test specimens shall conform to the productspecification requirement(s) in retest. Failure to conform shallbe cause for rejection.13. Test Methods13.1 Chemical Analysis:13.1.1 In case of dispute, copper content of
43、 the coppersother than UNS C10100 and UNS C11040 in Table 1 shall bedetermined in accordance with Test Method E53.13.1.2 Analytical method for determining impurity levels ofcoppers listed in Table 1 shall be in accordance with Specifi-cation B115.13.1.3 Copper content of UNS C10100 and UNS C11040typ
44、es shall be calculated by subtracting from 100 % the totalimpurity concentration determined. The impurity total for UNSC10100 is defined as the sum of sulfur, silver, lead, tin,bismuth, arsenic, antimony, iron, nickel, zinc, phosphorus,selenium, tellurium, manganese, cadmium, and oxygen presentin th
45、e sample. The impurity total for UNS C11040 is defined asTABLE 3 Permissible Variations in DiameterNominal Diameter, in. (mm)Permissible Variation,in. (mm)14 (6.4) +0.020 (+0.51)0.010 (0.25)Over14 (6.4) to34 in. (19 mm) incl. 0.015 (0.38)Over34 (19) to 1.0 in. (25 mm) incl. 0.020 (0.51)Over 1.0 (25)
46、 to 138 in. (35 mm) incl. 0.030 (0.76)B49163the sum of sulfur, silver, lead, tin, bismuth, arsenic, antimony,iron, nickel, selenium, tellurium, and oxygen present in thesample.13.1.4 The test methods annex of Specification B170 shouldbe referenced for the oxygen-free coppers. Test Methods E478should
47、 be referenced for the determination of silver-bearingalloys permitted under this specification.13.1.5 Oxygen content shall be determined on cleanedcopper samples using a suitable laboratory apparatus or acommercial instrument designed specifically for this purpose.Test Method E2575 shall be referen
48、ced to determine oxygencontent in copper and copper alloys only for the range 5 to400 ppm since standards have not been developed above thisrange.13.2 Tensile ElongationElongation shall be determined asthe permanent increase in length, caused by breaking of the rodin tension, measured between gage m
49、arks placed originally10 in. (250 mm) apart upon the test specimen (Note X1.2). Thefracture shall be between gage marks and not closer than 1 in.(25 mm) to either gage mark.13.3 Electrical Resistivity:13.3.1 At the option of the manufacturer, electrical resistiv-ity shall be determined in accordance with 13.3.2 or 13.3.3.However, in case of dispute, 13.3.2 shall apply.13.3.2 Resistance measurements (Note X1.1) shall be madeon specimens of the rod after cleaning and processing down toa diameter of approximately 0.080
