1、Designation: B 493/B 493M 08Standard Specification forZirconium and Zirconium Alloy Forgings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 493/B 493M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers three grades of zirconium andzirconium alloy forgings.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-p
3、ound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 The following safety hazards cave
4、at pertains only tothe test method portion, Section 12, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine t
5、he applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 Lot Definition:3.1.1 forgings, nparts, including semi-finished products,or complex shapes, produced by hot mechanical work us
6、inghammers, presses, or forging machines; a lot shall consist of amaterial of the same size, shape, condition, and finish producedfrom the same ingot or powder blend by the same reductionschedule and the same heat treatment parameters. Unlessotherwise agreed between manufacturer and purchaser, a lot
7、shall be limited to the product of an 8 h period for finalcontinuous anneal, or to a single furnace load for final batchanneal.4. Classification4.1 The forgings are furnished in three grades as follows:4.1.1 Grade R60702Unalloyed zirconium.4.1.2 Grade R60704Zirconium-tin alloy.4.1.3 Grade R60705Zirc
8、onium-niobium alloy.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:5.1.1 Quantity (weight and number of pieces),5.1.2 Name of material (zirconium forgings),5.1.3 Finish (Section 9),5.1.4 Dimension (diameter, thickness, length, width, or
9、 asspecified in appropriate drawings),5.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue,5.1.6 Grade number (see 3.1), and5.1.7 Additions to the specification and supplementary re-quirements, if required, including, but not limited to: productmarking (see 17.1), check analysis (see 7.3), inspection (see13.1),
10、 lot definition (see 3.1.1), internal soundness (see S1.1),and surface quality (see S2.1) requirements.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 8000-lb zirco-nium forgings, mechanically descaled, 100 mm by 120 mm by 1.2 m.rectangular bar, ASTM B 493/ 493M - 08, Grade R60702.6. Materials a
11、nd Manufacture6.1 The forgings shall be formed with conventional forgingequipment normally found in primary ferrous and nonferrousmetal plants.6.2 Forgings shall be furnished in the annealed conditions.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tochemical compositio
12、n prescribed in Table 1.7.2 The manufacturers ingot analysis shall be consideredthe chemical analysis for forgings, except for hydrogen andnitrogen, which shall be determined on the finished product.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals
13、and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B 493 01 (2003).2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see
14、related Specifi-cation SB-493 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Cop
15、yright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.3 When requested by the purchaser and stated in thepurchase order, a check analysis for any elements listed inTable 1 shall be made on the finished product.7.3.1 The manufacturers analysi
16、s shall be considered asverified if the check analysis confirms the manufacturersreported values within the tolerances prescribed in Table 2.8. Workmanship and Quality Level Requirements8.1 The material shall be free of injurious imperfections.Minor surface imperfections may be removed by spot grind
17、ingif such grinding does not reduce the dimensions of the finishedpiece below the minimum permitted by the tolerance for theproduct.9. Finish and Appearance9.1 The forgings shall have one of the following surfaceconditions as specified in the purchase order:9.1.1 As forged,9.1.2 Mechanically descale
18、d, or9.1.3 Mechanically descaled and pickled.10. Tensile Requirements10.1 The material, as represented by the test specimens,shall conform to the tensile properties prescribed in Table 3.11. Number of Tests and Retests11.1 Two tension tests shall be performed on each lot.11.2 Two chemistry tests for
19、 hydrogen and nitrogen contentshall be performed on each lot of finished product.11.3 Retests:11.3.1 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious surfacecontamination or improper preparation disqualifying it as atruly representative sample, it shall be discarded and a newsample or specimen substituted
20、.11.3.2 If the results of any tests of any lot do not conform tothe requirements specified, retests shall be made on additionalforgings of double the original number from the same lot, eachof which shall conform to the requirements specified.12. Test Methods12.1 Tension TestsTension tests shall be p
21、erformed inaccordance with Test Methods E8. Determine the yieldstrength by the offset (0.2 %) method. Determine the tensileproperties using a strain rate of 0.003 to 0.007 mm/mm/mmin./in./in. through the yield strength. After the yield strengthhas been exceeded, increase the cross-head speed to appr
22、oxi-mately 0.05 mm/mm/mm in./in./in. to failure.12.2 Chemical TestsThe chemical analyses shall be per-formed according to the standard techniques normally used bythe manufacturer.13. Inspection13.1 The manufacturer shall inspect the material covered bythis specification prior to shipment. If so spec
23、ified in thepurchase order, the purchaser or his representative may witnessthe testing and inspection of the material at the place ofmanufacture. In such cases, the purchaser shall state in hispurchase order which tests he desires to witness. The manu-facturer shall give ample notice to the purchase
24、r as to the timeand place of the designated tests. If the purchasers represen-tative does not present himself at the time agreed upon for thetesting, the manufacturer shall consider the requirement for thepurchasers inspection at the place of manufacture to bewaived.13.2 The manufacturer shall affor
25、d the inspector represent-ing the purchaser, without charge, all reasonable facilities tosatisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordancewith this specification. This inspection shall be so conducted asnot to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.14. Rejection and Reh
26、earing14.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.15. Cert
27、ification15.1 A producers or suppliers certification shall be fur-nished to the purchaser certifying that the material wasTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAElementComposition, %UNS Grade DesignationR60702 R60704 R60705Zirconium + hafnium, minB99.2 97.5 95.5Hafnium, max 4.5 4.5 4.5Iron + chromium 0.2 max
28、 0.2 to 0.4 0.2 maxTin . 1.0 to 2.0 .Hydrogen, max 0.005 0.005 0.005Nitrogen, max 0.025 0.025 0.025Carbon, max 0.05 0.05 0.05Niobium . . 2.0 to 3.0Oxygen 0.16 0.18 0.18ABy agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, analysis may berequired and limits established for elements and compounds
29、not specified in thetable of chemical composition.BZirconium is determined by difference.TABLE 2 Permissible Variation in Check Analysis BetweenDifferent LaboratoriesElementPermissible Variationin Product Analysis, %Hydrogen 0.002Nitrogen 0.01Carbon 0.01Hafnium 0.1Iron + chromium 0.025Tin 0.05Niobiu
30、m 0.05Oxygen 0.02TABLE 3 Tensile RequirementsUNS Grade DesignationR60702 R60704 R60705Tensile strength, min, MPa ksi 380 55 415 60 485 70Yield strength, min, MPa ksi 205 30 240 35 380 55Elongation in 50 mm 2 in.,gauge min, %A16 14 16AWhen a sub-size specimen is used, the gauge length shall be as spe
31、cified inTest Methods E8for that specimen.B 493/B 493M 082manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accordancewith this specification and has been found to meet therequirements. A report of the test results shall be included aspart of the certification.16. Referee16.1 In the event of disagreem
32、ent between the manufacturerand the purchaser on the conformance of the material to therequirements of this specification or any special test specifiedby the purchaser, a mutually acceptable referee shall performthe tests in question. The results of the referees testing shall beused in determining c
33、onformance of the material to thisspecification.17. Product Marking17.1 Unless otherwise specified, each forging over 1 kg 2lb, manufactured in accordance with this specification, shallbe marked legibly, either by stenciling, stamping, or rollingwith the manufacturers private identification mark, th
34、e ASTMdesignation, the grade, and lot number. On smaller than 1 kg 2lb forgings, the same information shall be stamped legibly onthe container, or on a metal tag securely fastened to each partor package of parts.18. Packaging and Package Marking18.1 The forgings shall be packaged either in a suitabl
35、e boxor banded on a skid.19. Keywords19.1 zirconium; zirconium alloy forgingSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSS1. Special Internal SoundnessS1.1 Forging shall be produced with specified internalsoundness to be verified by electric test or radiography tostandards agreed upon between the manufacturer and thep
36、urchaser prior to the acceptance of the order.S2. Surface QualityS2.1 The surface quality shall be as agreed upon between themanufacturer and the purchaser.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard
37、. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed
38、every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible te
39、chnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B 493/B 493M 083
