1、Designation: B 494/B 494M 03Standard Specification forPrimary Zirconium1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 494/B 494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers two grades of zirconium metalcommonly designated as sponge or chunklets, but may alsotake other forms. This specification do
3、es not include crystal barzirconium.1.2 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion massgain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SIunits are to be regarded separately as standard. The valuesstated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore eachsystem must be used in
4、dependently of the other. SI valuescannot be mixed with inch-pound values.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portions of this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibili
5、ty of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications23. Te
6、rminology3.1 Lot Definitions:3.1.1 castingsa lot shall consist of all castings producedfrom the same pour.3.1.2 ingotno definition required.3.1.3 rounds, flats, tubes, and wrought powder metallurgicalproducts (single definition, common to nuclear and non-nuclear standards)a lot shall consist of a ma
7、terial of thesame size, shape, condition, and finish produced from the sameingot or powder blend by the same reduction schedule and thesame heat treatment parameters. Unless otherwise agreedbetween manufacturer and purchaser, a lot shall be limited tothe product of an 8 h period for final continuous
8、 anneal, or toa single furnace load for final batch anneal.3.1.4 spongea lot shall consist of a single blend producedat one time.3.1.5 weld fittingsdefinition is to be mutually agreed uponbetween manufacturer and the purchaser.4. Classification4.1 Primary zirconium is furnished in two grades:4.1.1 G
9、rade R60702Unalloyed zirconium.4.1.2 Grade R60703Unalloyed zirconium for metallurgi-cal alloying.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:5.1.1 Quantity (weight),5.1.2 Name of material (zirconium sponge or chunklet),5.1.3 Grade nu
10、mber (see 4.1),5.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue,5.1.5 Check analysis (see 7.2),5.1.6 Sampling of small blends (see 8.1.1),5.1.7 Inspection (see 11.1),5.1.8 Certification report (Section 13),5.1.9 Product marking (Section 15),5.1.10 Packaging (Section 16),5.1.11 Oxygen limits, when needed (Ta
11、ble 1), and5.1.12 Additions to the specification and supplementaryrequirements, as required.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 3000 lb (2000kg)zirconium sponge, ASTM B 494 - 01, Grade R60703.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Zirconium metal is usually prepared by reduction ofzirconium
12、 tetrachloride, and it gets its physical characteristicsfrom the processes involved in production. These characteris-tics may be expected to vary greatly with manufacturingmethods. This specification, however, is not limited to metalprepared by reduction of tetrachloride or to material of anyspecifi
13、c physical form.6.2 Only virgin zirconium metal, in identified, uniform,well-mixed blends, shall be supplied under this specification.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.1This specification is under the jurisdictio
14、n of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as B 494/B 494M - 01.2Annu
15、al Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.2 The purchaser may perform a check analysis for anyelements listed in Table 1.7.2.1 The manufacturers analysis shall be considered asverified if
16、the check analysis confirms the manufacturersreported values within the tolerances prescribed in Table 2.Practice E 29 shall be used to establish significant digits.8. Sampling8.1 Sampling for Chemical Analysis:8.1.1 The following method shall be used for blends of 3000lb (1362 kg) or more. Smaller
17、blends shall be sampled asagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.8.1.2 The method shall produce a representative sampleamounting to a minimum of 1 % of the quantity sampled. Thesample shall be prepared by running the full quantity througha proportioner or splitter so arranged as to g
18、ive the requiredamount of sample material. A minimum of 30 lb (14 kg) of thissample shall be taken to prepare the evaluation ingot describedin 10.1.8.1.3 If analytical samples are required for the determina-tion of magnesium or sodium and chloride, they must be takenfrom the primary zirconium metal
19、since these constituents arevolatilized in melting.8.1.4 Analytical samples for the determination of impuritiesother than magnesium or sodium and chloride shall be takenfrom the evaluation ingot (Sections 8 and 10).9. Number of Tests and Retests9.1 Number of Tests:9.1.1 A minimum of three chemical t
20、ests shall be performedon the evaluation ingot.9.2 Retests:9.2.1 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious surfacecontamination or improper preparation disqualifying it as atruly representative sample, it shall be discarded and a newsample or specimen substituted.9.2.2 If the results of any tests o
21、f any lot do not conform tothe requirements specified, retests shall be made on additionalsamples of double the original number from the same lot. Eachof the retest values shall conform to the requirements specified.10. Specimen Preparation10.1 The sample for chemical analysis shall be obtained inac
22、cordance with 8.1.2 and shall be compacted into consumableelectrodes, then melted to ingot form in an arc furnace of a typeconventionally used for reactive metals. The ingot shall beprepared for analysis by either of the following two methods:10.1.1 A longitudinal section shall be taken from the cen
23、terof the ingot. The longitudinal section shall be analyzed onsamples taken from the longitudinal section at approximatelyequal intervals, as prescribed in 9.1.1.10.1.2 Samples for chemical tests shall be taken from solidmetal below the surface porosity of the as-cast ingot. Thesamples shall be take
24、n from a minimum of three equally spacedlocations along the axial length of the ingot, as prescribed in9.1.1.11. Inspection11.1 The manufacturer shall inspect the material covered bythis specification prior to shipment. If so specified in thepurchase order, the purchaser or his representative may wi
25、tnessthe testing and inspection of the material at the place ofmanufacture. In such cases the purchaser shall state in hispurchase order which tests he desires to witness. The manu-facturer shall give ample notice to the purchaser as to the timeand place of the designated tests. If the purchasers re
26、presen-tative does not present himself at the time agreed upon for thetesting, the manufacturer shall consider the requirement forpurchasers inspection at place of manufacture to be waived.11.2 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-ing the purchaser, without charge, all reasonable fa
27、cilities tosatisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordancewith this specification. This inspection shall be so conducted asnot to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specifica
28、tion may be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.13. Certification13.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, aproducers or s
29、uppliers certification shall be furnished to thepurchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled, tested,and inspected in accordance with this specification and hasbeen found to meet the requirements. When specified in thepurchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall befurnishe
30、d.14. Referee14.1 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturerand the purchaser on the conformance of the material to therequirements of this specification or any special test specifiedTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElementComposition, %Grade R60702 Grade R60703Zirconium + hafnium 99.2 min 98
31、.0 minHafnium 4.5 max 4.5 maxIron + chromium 0.2 max .Hydrogen 0.005 max .Nitrogen 0.025 max .Carbon 0.05 max .OxygenAAALimits as specified by the purchaser.TABLE 2 Permissible Variation in Check Analysis BetweenDifferent LaboratoriesElementPermissible Variation inCheck Analysis, %Hydrogen 0.005Nitr
32、ogen 0.01Carbon 0.02Hafnium 0.1Iron + chromium 0.03Oxygen 0.02B 494/B 494M 032by the purchaser, a mutually acceptable referee shall performthe tests in question. The results of the referees testing shall beused in determining conformance of the material to thisspecification.15. Product Marking15.1 T
33、he containers shall be marked legibly and perma-nently per the agreement between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.16. Packaging16.1 The method of packaging shall be as agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and the purchaser and must beacceptable by any common carrier. Packaging methods musttake due r
34、ecognition of the pyrophoric nature of finely dividedzirconium.17. Keywords17.1 primary zirconium metal; zirconium spongeASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expres
35、sly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised,
36、 either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may at
37、tend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B 494/B 494M 033
