1、Designation: B494/B494M 08 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Specification forPrimary Zirconium1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B494/B494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers two grades of zirconium metalcommonly designated as sponge or chunklets, but may alsotake other forms. This spe
3、cification does not include crystal barzirconium. This sponge is used in non-nuclear applications.1.2 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion massgain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SIunits are to be regarded separately as standard. The valuesstated in each system a
4、re not exact equivalents; therefore eachsystem must be used independently of the other. SI valuescannot be mixed with inch-pound values.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portions of this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety co
5、ncerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits
6、in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Forms:3.1.1 sponge, nzirconium metal produced from the reduc-tion of the chloride, usually by magnesium.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe process is one where the metalcondenses to the solid state and does not melt.3.1.2 chunklets, nzirco
7、nium metal produced from thereduction of the chloride, usually by sodium.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this process, the reduced metal ismelted and dripped onto a rotating disk to form chunklets.3.2 Lota lot shall consist of a single blend produced at onetime.4. Classification4.1 Primary zirconium is furnish
8、ed in two grades:4.1.1 Grade R60702Unalloyed zirconium.4.1.2 Grade R60703Unalloyed zirconium for metallurgi-cal alloying.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information, when applicable:5.1.1 Quantity (weight),5.1.2 Name of material (zir
9、conium sponge or chunklet),5.1.3 Grade number (see 4.1),5.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue,5.1.5 Check analysis (see 7.2),5.1.6 Sampling of small blends (see 8.1.1),5.1.7 Inspection (see 11.1),5.1.8 Product marking (Section 15),5.1.9 Packaging (Section 16),5.1.10 Oxygen limits, when needed (Ta
10、ble 1), and5.1.11 Additions to the specification as required.NOTE 1Atypical ordering description is as follows: 3000 lb 2000 kgzirconium sponge, ASTM B494/B494M - 01, Grade R60703.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Zirconium metal is usually prepared by reduction ofzirconium tetrachloride, and it gets
11、its physical characteristicsfrom the processes involved in production. These characteris-tics may be expected to vary greatly with manufacturingmethods. This specification, however, is not limited to metalprepared by reduction of tetrachloride or to material of anyspecific physical form.6.2 Only vir
12、gin zirconium metal, in identified, uniform,well-mixed blends, shall be supplied under this specification.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onRe
13、active and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B494/B494M 08.DOI: 10.1520/B0494_B0494M-08R14.2For r
14、eferenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W
15、est Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17.2 The purchaser may perform a check analysis for anyelements listed in Table 1. The sampling and testing require-ments shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser andsupplier.7.2.1 The manufacturers analysis shall be considered asverified if the che
16、ck analysis confirms the manufacturersreported values within the tolerances prescribed in Table 2.Practice E29 shall be used to establish significant digits.8. Sampling8.1 Sampling for Chemical Analysis:8.1.1 The following method shall be used for blends of 3000lb 1362 kg or more. Smaller blends sha
17、ll be sampled asagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.8.1.2 The method shall produce a representative sampleamounting to a minimum of 1 % of the quantity sampled. Thesample shall be prepared by running the full quantity througha proportioner or splitter so arranged as to give the re
18、quiredamount of sample material. A minimum of 30 lb 14 kg of thissample shall be taken to prepare the evaluation ingot describedin 10.1.8.1.3 If analytical samples are required for the determina-tion of magnesium or sodium and chloride, they must be takenfrom the primary zirconium metal since these
19、constituents arevolatilized in melting.8.1.4 Analytical samples for the determination of impuritiesother than magnesium or sodium and chloride shall be takenfrom the evaluation ingot (Sections 8 and 10).9. Number of Tests and Retests9.1 Number of Tests:9.1.1 A minimum of three chemical tests shall b
20、e performedon the evaluation ingot.9.1.2 At least one sample shall be analyzed fro magnesiumor sodium and chloride.9.2 Retests:9.2.1 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious surfacecontamination or improper preparation disqualifying it as atruly representative sample, it shall be discarded and a n
21、ewsample or specimen substituted.9.2.2 If the results of any tests of any lot do not conform tothe requirements specified, retests shall be made on additionalsamples of double the original number from the same lot. Eachof the retest values shall conform to the requirements specified.10. Specimen Pre
22、paration10.1 The sample for chemical analysis of impurities otherthan magnesium or sodium and chloride shall be obtained inaccordance with 8.1.2 and shall be compacted into consumableelectrodes, then melted to ingot form in an arc furnace of a typeconventionally used for reactive metals. The ingot s
23、hall beprepared for analysis by either of the following two methods:10.1.1 A longitudinal section shall be taken from the centerof the ingot. The longitudinal section shall be analyzed onsamples taken from the longitudinal section at approximatelyequal intervals, as prescribed in 9.1.1.10.1.2 Sample
24、s for chemical tests shall be taken from solidmetal below the surface porosity of the as-cast ingot. Thesamples shall be taken from a minimum of three equally spacedlocations along the axial length of the ingot, as prescribed in9.1.1.10.2 The sample for chemical analysis of magnesium orsodium and ch
25、loride shall be taken from a sample split from theblended lot. Care needs to be taken to assure the sampleaccurately represents the lot.11. Inspection11.1 The manufacturer shall inspect the material covered bythis specification prior to shipment. If so specified in thepurchase order, the purchaser o
26、r his representative may witnessthe testing and inspection of the material at the place ofmanufacture. In such cases the purchaser shall state in hispurchase order which tests he desires to witness. The manu-facturer shall give ample notice to the purchaser as to the timeand place of the designated
27、tests. If the purchasers represen-tative does not present himself at the time agreed upon for thetesting, the manufacturer shall consider the requirement forpurchasers inspection at place of manufacture to be waived.11.2 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-ing the purchaser, withou
28、t charge, all reasonable facilities tosatisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordancewith this specification. This inspection shall be so conducted asnot to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Material that fails to conform to the re
29、quirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.13. Certification13.1 A producers or suppliers certification
30、 shall be fur-nished to the purchaser that the material was manufactured,TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElementComposition, %Grade R60702 Grade R60703Zirconium + hafnium 99.2 min 98.0 minHafnium 4.5 max 4.5 maxIron + chromium 0.2 max .Hydrogen 0.005 max .Nitrogen 0.025 max .Carbon 0.05 max .OxygenAAAL
31、imits as specified by the purchaser.TABLE 2 Permissible Variation in Check Analysis BetweenDifferent LaboratoriesElementPermissible Variation inCheck Analysis, %Hydrogen 0.005Nitrogen 0.01Carbon 0.02Hafnium 0.1Iron + chromium 0.03Oxygen 0.02B494/B494M 08 (2014)2sampled, tested, and inspected in acco
32、rdance with this speci-fication and has been found to meet the requirements. A reportof the test results shall be furnished.14. Referee14.1 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturerand the purchaser on the conformance of the material to therequirements of this specification or any specia
33、l test specifiedby the purchaser, a mutually acceptable referee shall performthe tests in question. The results of the referees testing shall beused in determining conformance of the material to thisspecification.15. Product Marking15.1 The containers shall be marked legibly and perma-nently per the
34、 agreement between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.16. Packaging16.1 The method of packaging shall be as agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and the purchaser and must beacceptable by any common carrier. Packaging methods musttake due recognition of the pyrophoric nature of finely dividedzirconium
35、.17. Keywords17.1 primary zirconium metal; zirconium chunklets; zirco-nium spongeASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the va
36、lidity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your co
37、mments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments hav
38、e not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple
39、 copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).B494/B494M 08 (2014)3
