1、Designation: B 565 04Standard Test Method forShear Testing of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivets andCold-Heading Wire and Rods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method cov
3、ers the double shear testing ofaluminum and aluminum alloy rivets with round, solid shanksand cold-heading wire and rod.2NOTE 1Exceptions to this test method may be necessary in individualspecifications or methods for tests for a particular material.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to b
4、e regardedas standard. The values given in parenthesis are mathematicalconversions to SI units which are provided for informationonly and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of t
5、he user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The latest issues of the following documents form a partof this standard to the extent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standard
6、s:3B 316/B 316M Specification for Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading Wire and RodsB 769 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum AlloysB 831 Test Method for Shear Testing of Thin AluminumAlloy ProductsE 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE 6 Terminology Relating to
7、 Methods of Mechanical Test-ing3. Terminology3.1 GeneralThe definitions of terms relating to sheartesting in Terminology E 6 are applicable to the terms used inthis test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test consists of subjecting a length of wire or rod ora rivet in full cross section, or a
8、machined length of rod or rivet,to double-shear loading, with a suitable test device in a tensiontesting machine, and determining the shear stress required tofracture the specimen (that is, the shear strength).5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended solely for the shear testingof riv
9、ets and cold-heading wire and rod, and is not generallyrecommended for the determination of the shear strength ofother products. For rivets, this method is limited to rivetshaving a shank length equal to or greater than 2d.NOTE 2The results of shear tests of specimens machined fromproducts other tha
10、n wire, rod, and rivets may be greatly dependent uponthe orientation of the specimen within the original test material, and thedirection in which the force is applied relative to the grain flow in thespecimen.4It is recommended that shear strengths of other products bedetermined by Test Method B 769
11、 for products greater than 0.250 in. (6.4mm) and Test Method B 831 for products less than 0.250 in. (6.4 mm).Shear strengths developed by this test method have been shown to varyfrom those developed by other methods.4If Test Method B 565 is used forshear testing of other products, variables such as
12、those described in TestMethod B 769 should be identified and controlled.5.2 The results of shear tests are dependent upon the relativeand absolute lengths of specimen which are sheared out, andthose which are supported.4The results of tests made inaccordance with this method should not be directly c
13、omparedwith those determined in other types of tests in which themethods of loading and supporting the specimen are different.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloys , and is under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee B07.05 onTesting.Current edition a
14、pproved March 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as B 565 94 (2000).2This product is covered by Specification B 316/B 316M.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas
15、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Kaufman, J. G., and Davies, R. E. “Effects of Test Method and SpecimenOrientation on Shear Strengths of Aluminum Alloys,” ASTM Proceedings, ASTEA,Am. Soc. Testing Mats., Vol
16、64, 1964.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 The presence of a lubricant on the surfaces of thespecimen and device may result in shear strengths up to
17、3 %lower than those determined in the absence of lubrication.NOTE 3In order to be able to test rivets having shanks as short as 2d,the supported lengths of the specimen are12 d (Fig. 1), although it isrecognized that higher values of shear strength would be obtained if thesupporting lengths were lon
18、ger.5.4 Investigations have determined that the shear strengthdecreases slightly as the clearance between the specimendiameter and the diameter of the test hole in the deviceincreases, and that the effect of the clearance decreases withincreasing specimen diameter. This test method (refer to Fig. 1)
19、permits clearances for production testing which should affectshear strengths by no more than 2 %. For referee testing, themaximum clearance shall be 0.001 in. (0.03 mm).56. Apparatus6.1 Testing MachinesThe testing machine shall conformto the requirements as defined in Practices E 4. The forces usedt
20、o determine the shear strength shall be within the range of thetesting machine as defined as Practices E 4.6.2 Shear Test DeviceA shear device of the type shown inFig. 1 shall be used. It shall be made of hardened steel havinga hardness of not less than 52 HRC and the shearing edges ofthe holes shal
21、l have a radius of no more than 0.0005 in. (0.013mm). To minimize the possible effect of distortion of the deviceunder force, fitted machined steel bolts shall be used to hold thecomponents together. The mating surfaces between the tongueand clevises shall be polished and shall have a finish of 16 i
22、n.Ra or better.7. Test Specimens7.1 Specimens shall consist of round, solid rivets or shortlengths of wire, either in full cross section or machined to asmaller diameter. The minimum length of the specimen shallbe twice its diameter. The maximum length is not specified asit has no effect on the resu
23、lts of the test.7.2 For diameters up to and including 0.372 in. (9.45 mm),the specimens shall be the full cross section of the rivet shankor wire, except that the rivet shank or wire may be reduced upto 30 % in area by machining to accommodate the device size.In the case of wire, rod, or rivets over
24、 0.372-in. (9.45-mm)5Fenn, R. W., Jr. and Clapper, R. B. “Evaluation of Test Variables in theDetermination of Shear Strength,” ASTM Proceedings, ASTEA, Am. Soc. TestingMats., Vol 56, 1956.d = nominal diameter of specimen (rivet, wire, or machined specimen),d1= actual diameter of hole (see Note), and
25、d2= actual diameter of specimenClearance (d1d2), maximum = 0.02 d + 0.005 in. (0.12 mm)NoteThe tolerance applicable to the diameter of the specimen being shear tested must be recognized in drilling the hole in the device. It is recommended thatthe drilled hole size be equal to 1.02 d plus 0.005 in.
26、(0.12 mm) less the minus tolerance applicable to the specimen.S1= dS2= S1+ 0.001 in. (0.025 mm)S3=14 in. (6 mm) for d =116 in. (1.5 mm) to532 in. (4 mm)=12 in. (12 mm) for d =316 in. (5 mm) to38 in. (10 mm)FIG. 1 Shear Test DeviceB565042diameter, it is permissible to turn down to 0.372-in. (9.45-mm)
27、diameter for testing. The machined finish shall be 32 in. Ra orbetter.7.3 The maximum clearance between the specimen diam-eter and the diameter of the test hole in the device shall notexceed that allowed in Fig. 1.8. Test Specimen Measurement8.1 Measure the diameter of the specimen to the nearest0.0
28、01 in. (0.03 mm) for test specimens equal to or greater than0.1 in. (2.5 mm) in diameter, and to the nearest 0.0005 in.(0.013 mm) for test specimens less than 0.1 in. (2.5 mm) indiameter.9. Procedure9.1 The mating surfaces of the shear fixture should bevisually inspected before use for aluminum buil
29、dup around thetest holes. Removal of the aluminum buildup can be accom-plished with crocus cloth or soaking the test device in a causticsoda solution followed by a water rinse and drying. Beforereferee testing, the test device should be cleaned in the abovemanner followed by procedures in 9.2.9.2 Si
30、nce lubrication may have an effect on results (see 5.3),clean the specimens and test device before referee testing (forexample, clean ultrasonically in a suitable solvent) and takecare to avoid touching the specimen and test-hole area of theshear device with the hands after cleaning.9.3 Place the sp
31、ecimen in the shear test device, assemble asin Fig. 1, and apply force at a uniform rate until completefailure occurs.9.4 The cross-head speed during the test shall not exceed34in. (19.1 mm)/min and the loading rate shall not exceed 100 ksi(689 MPa)/min on the double-shear test cross section.9.5 Det
32、ermine the maximum force to fracture the specimen.10. Calculations of Shear Strength10.1 Calculate the shear strength from the maximum forceas follows:S 5 Pmax/A 5 Pmax/pD2/4! 5 2Pmax/pD2(1)where:S = the shear strength, psi (or MPa),Pmax= the maximum force in the test, lbf (or N), andD = the measure
33、d diameter of the specimen, in. (ormm).11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following for each speci-men tested:11.1.1 The ASTM shear test method.NOTE 4In view of the influence of test methods on shear test resultsas indicated in 5.2, it is important to reference the ASTM test method inreport
34、ing results.11.1.2 Material and sample identification.11.1.3 Specimen diameter, in. (or mm).11.1.4 Maximum force, lbf (or N).11.1.5 Shear strength, ksi (or MPa).11.1.6 Test temperature, F (C).NOTE 5For metric equivalents:. 1 in = 25.4 mm1lbf = 4.448 N1 ksi = 6.89 MN/m2(MPa)12. Precision and Bias12.1
35、 The precision and bias of this test method needs to beestablished. Subcommittee B07.05 is developing the precisionand bias statements for this test method.13. Keywords13.1 double shear loading; shear test device; shear alumi-num rivetSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B07 has identified the locations of s
36、elected changesto this standard since the last issue (B 565 94 (2000) thatmay impact its use.(1) Created 1.2 for the values statement.(2) Replaced the designation “AA” with “Ra” (Roughnessaverage) in 6.2 and 7.2.(3) Reordered the procedural steps in Section 9(4) Added Section 12 on Precision and Bia
37、s.(5) Replaced the word “load” with “force” throughout thestandard.(6) Replaced the words “jig,” “grips,” and “fixture” with“device” throughout the standard.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standar
38、d. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed
39、 every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible t
40、echnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B565043
