1、Designation: B577 10Standard Test Methods forDetection of Cuprous Oxide (Hydrogen EmbrittlementSusceptibility) in Copper1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B577; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods describe
3、procedures for determiningthe presence of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) in products made fromdeoxidized and oxygen-free copper.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:SectionsMicroscopical Examination without Thermal Treatment 9-11Microscopical Examination after Thermal Treatment 13-15Closed Bend
4、Test after Thermal Treatment 17-19Reverse Bend Test after Thermal Treatment 21-231.3 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard
5、.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced
6、Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE883 Guide for ReflectedLight Photomicrography3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to this Standard:3.1.1 deoxidized coppermaterial produced substantiallyfree of cuprous oxide, by the use of metallic or metal
7、loidaldeoxidizers, as determined by metallographic examination at753 under polarized light. Oxygen may be present as residualdeoxidation products.3.1.2 oxygen-free copperelectrolytic copper producedsubstantially free of cuprous oxide without the use of metallicor metalloidal deoxidizers as determine
8、d by metallographicexamination at 753 under polarized light. Oxygen may bepresent up to a maximum of 5 ppm in Copper UNS No.C10100 and 10 ppm in Copper UNS No. C10200.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 The presence of cuprous oxide is determined either bymicroscopical examination under polarized light or
9、 by methodsthat involve heating the test specimens in a hydrogen-richatmosphere and rapidly cooling the specimens without undueexposure to air followed by a microscopical examination or asuitable bend test.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods determine whether copper productswill be resista
10、nt to embrittlement when exposed to elevatedtemperatures in a reducing atmosphere.5.1.1 It is assumed that all who use these test methods willbe trained personnel capable of performing these proceduresskillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performedin a properly equipped facility.6.
11、 Apparatus6.1 Test Method AMetallographic equipment of the typedescribed in Practice E3 and Guide E883 suitably equippedwith a polarized light illuminating device.6.2 Test Methods B, C, and D:6.2.1 Metallographic equipment of the type described inPractice E3 and Guide E883 provided with normal illum
12、ina-tion.6.2.2 A furnace of sufficient capacity, capable of maintain-ing the required reducing atmosphere while the specimens arebeing heated. A rapid cooling device using either water or areducing atmosphere is required.6.2.3 A machinist vise with replaceable matching pairs ofjaw mandrels of variou
13、s radii contours.7. Sampling7.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with the requirementsof the specification under which the material was ordered.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 onCopper and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06on Met
14、hods of Test.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as B577 93 (2004).DOI: 10.1520/B0577-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
15、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Sta
16、tes.8. Test Specimens8.1 Longitudinal specimens, that is, specimens whose axesare parallel to the direction of working are preferable. How-ever, equally reliable results can be obtained with specimens inwhich the axis is perpendicular to the directions of working.8.2 Specimens shall be of dimensions
17、 suitable for theperformance of the required tests. Where necessary to cut aspecimen from an oversize piece of material, at least one of theoriginal surfaces of the material shall be retained in the testspecimen. Suggested dimensions for test specimens are givenin the following table (for Procedures
18、 C or D):Wrought Products Suggested Dimensions forTest SpecimensFlats (wire, strip, sheets, bar,and plate)thicknessthat of the product but should notexceed12 in. (13 mm)widthapprox.12 in. (13 mm)lengthapprox. 6 in. (152 mm)Shapes and forgings To the extent that the dimensions of the ma-terial permit
19、, the dimensions of the testspecimens are those suggested for the flatproducts specimens.(Where the product dimensions, particularlylength, as in the case of forgings, do notpermit taking a specimen, the totalproduct may then become the test spec-imen for examination by Procedures Aor B.)Wire or rod
20、 diameter or distance between parallelsurfacesthat of the product but not toexceed12 in. (13 mm)lengthapprox. 6 in. (152 mm)Tubular products:Diameter or distance betweenparallel surfaces:Up to516 in. (8 mm), incl. full section of tube, approx 6 in. (152 mm)longOver516 in. (8 mm) to 1 in.(25.4 mm), i
21、ncl.a slit half section of the tube, approx 6 in.(152 mm) longOver 1 in. (25.4 mm) a slit section approx12 in. (13 mm) wide and6 in. (152 mm) long taken either trans-verse or parallel to the tube axisRefinery shapes a 0.080-in. (2.03-mm) diameter wire specimenmade by forging, swaging, hot rolling,an
22、d cold drawing as may be necessary8.3 All specimens made by cutting from larger stock shallhave their corners or edges deburred to a slight radius beforetesting.TEST METHOD AMICROSCOPICALEXAMINATION WITHOUT THERMAL TREATMENT9. Scope9.1 This test method describes a procedure by which thepresence of c
23、uprous oxide (hydrogen embrittlement suscepti-bility) is determined by polarized light microscopy examina-tion at a minimum magnification of 753.10. Procedure10.1 The test specimens taken transverse to and bounded byan original surface of the material are mounted and polished inaccordance with Pract
24、ice E3.10.1.1 Photomicrographs, when taken, are prepared in ac-cordance with Guide E883.10.2 The polished, but unetched, surface of the specimensare examined under reflected polarized light at a minimummagnification of 753.10.2.1 Cuprous oxide will appear as ruby-red particles.10.2.2 Cuprous oxide w
25、ill appear as blue particles underwhite light.11. Application11.1 This test method is applicable to Copper UNS Nos.C10100, C10200, C10300, C10400, C10500, C10700, C11700,and C12000.12. Precision and Bias12.1 A precision and bias statement is not applicable sincethe results of these test methods mere
26、ly indicate whether thereis conformation to a criteria for success specified in theparticular procedure.TEST METHOD BMICROSCOPICALEXAMINATION AFTER THERMAL TREATMENT13. Scope13.1 This test method describes a procedure by which thepresence of cuprous oxide (hydrogen embrittlement suscepti-bility) is
27、determined by microscopical examination undernormal illumination at a minimum magnification of 753 afterthermal treatment of the specimens.14. Procedure14.1 Heat the cleaned and degreased specimens whichretain at least one original surface for 20 to 40 min in anatmosphere of at least 10 % hydrogen w
28、ithin a furnace held ata temperature of 1562 6 45F (850 6 25C).14.2 After the heat treatment, immediately remove andquench the specimens in water without undue exposure to airor quickly cool the specimens in the same atmosphere.14.3 The test specimens taken transverse to and bounded byan original su
29、rface of the treated material are mounted andpolished, and etched when desired, in accordance with PracticeE3.14.3.1 Photomicrographs, when taken, shall be prepared inaccordance with Guide E883.14.4 Cuprous oxide (hydrogen embrittlement) when presentin the material tested will manifest itself by the
30、 open grainstructure (gassing) characteristic of embrittlement. For ex-ample, the grain structure is outlined by a series of voids at thegrain boundary.14.5 In case of controversy concerning the presence orabsence of cuprous oxide (hydrogen embrittlement), TestMethod C or D, as specified in the prod
31、uct specification, shallbe followed.15. Application15.1 The test method is applicable to Copper UNS Nos.C10100, C10200, C10400, C10500, C10700, C10800, C11700,C12000, C12200, and C14200.16. Precision and Bias16.1 A precision and bias statement is not applicable sincethe results of these test methods
32、 merely indicate whether thereis conformation to a criteria for success specified in theparticular procedure.B577 102TEST METHOD CCLOSED BEND TEST AFTERTHERMAL TREATMENT17. Scope17.1 This test method describes a procedure by which thepresence of cuprous oxide (hydrogen embrittlement) is deter-mined
33、by bending thermally treated specimens into a flattened“U” shape.18. Procedure18.1 Heat the cleaned and degreased specimens that retainat least one of the original surfaces for a period of 20 to 40 minin an atmosphere of at least 10 % hydrogen within a furnaceheld at a temperature of 1562 6 45F (850
34、 6 25C).18.2 After the heat treatment, immediately remove andquench the specimens in water without undue exposure to airor quickly cool the specimens in the same atmosphere.18.3 Flatten all tubular specimens, after the thermal treat-ment, in a vise or press with smooth surfaces, to twice the wallthi
35、ckness, before bending.18.4 Make the bend test at ambient temperature as indicatedin Fig. 1 with an original surface of the material on the outsideof the bend.18.5 Bend the test specimen in such a manner as to form a“U” with the final closure being made by squeezing the legs ofthe “U” together.18.5.
36、1 The formation of cracks on the outside surface of thebend are evidence of the presence of cuprous oxide in thecopper.19. Application19.1 This test method is applicable to Copper UNS Nos.C10100, C10200, C10300, C10400, C10500, C10700, C11700,and C12000.20. Precision and Bias20.1 A precision and bia
37、s statement is not applicable sincethe results of these test methods merely indicate whether thereis conformation to a criteria for success specified in theparticular procedure.TEST METHOD DREVERSE BEND TEST AFTERTHERMAL TREATMENT21. Scope21.1 This test method describes a procedure in which theprese
38、nce of cuprous oxide (hydrogen embrittlement) is deter-mined by subjecting thermally treated specimens to a prede-termined number of bends.22. Procedure22.1 Heat the cleaned and degreased specimens that retainat least one of the original surfaces for a period of 20 to 40 minin an atmosphere of at le
39、ast 10 % hydrogen within a furnaceheld at a temperature of 1562 6 45F (850 6 25C).22.2 After the heat treatment, immediately remove andquench the specimens in water without undue exposure to airor quickly cool the specimens in the same atmosphere.22.3 At ambient temperature, clamp the specimen light
40、lybetween jaws with edges having a radius of two and a halftimes the thickness (or diameter) of the material being tested.22.3.1 An original surface of the material shall be sopositioned as to be on the outer bend radius.22.4 Bend the specimen over one edge of the clamp jawsthrough an angle of 90 an
41、d return the specimen to the originalposition; this constitutes one bend.22.5 Bend the specimen in the opposite direction through anangle of 90 and return the specimen to the original position;this constitutes a second bend.22.6 Continue making bends in alternating directions untilthe required numbe
42、r of bends have been made or the specimenfractures.22.7 Failure to withstand the required minimum number ofbends is evidence of the presence of cuprous oxide.23. Application23.1 This test method is applicable to Copper UNS Nos.C10100, C10200, C10300, C10400, C10500, C10700, andC12000.24. Precision a
43、nd Bias24.1 A precision and bias statement is not applicable sincethe results of these test methods merely indicate whether thereis conformation to a criteria for success specified in theparticular procedure.25. Keywords25.1 cuprous oxide in copper; embrittlement; hydrogenembrittlement of copper; te
44、st methods; UNS Alloy No.C10100; UNS Alloy No. C10200; UNS Alloy No. C10300;UNS Alloy No. C10400; UNS Alloy No. C10500; UNS AlloyNo. C10700; UNSAlloy No. C11700; UNSAlloy No. C12000;UNS Alloy No. C12200; UNS Alloy No. C12400; UNS AlloyNo. C14200FIG. 1 Bend TestB577 103SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B05
45、 has identified the principal changes to this test method that have been incorporated since the2004 issue as follows:(1) Minor editorial changes,(2) Removed definition of “embrittlement” as this was definedin Terminology B846.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent
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47、 any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comment
48、s will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted b
49、y ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).B577 104
