1、Designation: B703 17Standard Test Method forApparent Density of Metal Powders and RelatedCompounds Using the Arnold Meter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B703; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a quantitative laboratory proce-dure for determining the apparent density of both fr
3、ee-flowingand non-free-flowing metal powders, lubricated metal powdermixtures, and powder compounds.1.2 With the exception of the values for mass, volume, anddensity, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimetreunits is the long-standing industry practice, the values stated ininch-pound un
4、its are to be regarded as standard. The valuesgiven in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI unitsthat are provided for information only and are not consideredstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsi
5、bility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in
6、 the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B212 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-FlowingMetal Powders Using
7、 the Hall Flowmeter FunnelB215 Practices for Sampling Metal PowdersB243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB329 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powdersand Compounds Using the Scott VolumeterB417 Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney FunnelE177 Pra
8、ctice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 MPIF Standard:3MPIF 48 Determination of Apparent Density of Metal Pow-ders Using the
9、 Arnold Meter3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUseful definitions of terms for metal pow-ders and powder metallurgy (PM) are found in TerminologyB243. Additional descriptive PM information is available atwww.astm.org on the B09 web page, under the CommitteeDocuments section, following the link for “Gener
10、al Informa-tion on PM.”3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Arnold Apparent Density (ADA)the mass per unitvolume of a powder, expressed in gram per cubic centimetreunits, determined in accordance with the procedure in this testmethod.3.2.2 Arnold Meterthe laboratory instrumentati
11、on pic-tured in Fig. 1, consisting of a steel die block with a precisecavity and a powder delivery cylinder, that is used to determinea quantitative value for Arnold Apparent Density, (ADA).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test method consists of first collecting a 20 cm3volume of the test powder by
12、 slowly sliding a cylindricalsleeve containing the test powder over a precise cavity in a dieblock.4.2 The mass of the volume of powder thus collected isdetermined and the Arnold Apparent Density (ADA), is calcu-lated as mass divided by volume and expressed in g/cm3units.1This test method is under t
13、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on MetalPowders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as B703
14、10. DOI:10.1520/B0703-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3This report is available from Metal
15、 Powder Industries Federation, 105 CollegeRoad East, Princeton, NJ 08540*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accor
16、dance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15. Significance and Use5.1 The a
17、pparent density is an important measure of amaterial characteristic of the powder that is useful to thepowder producers and powder users in determining quality andlot to lot consistency.5.2 This test method is applicable to free-flowing andnon-free-flowing metal powders, lubricated powder mixturesan
18、d metal compounds.5.3 The apparent density of a lubricated metal powdermixture may be different when a quantity settles after fallinginto the die cavity during automatic compacting as comparedwith the value obtained from a measurement taken in thelaboratory under controlled test conditions.5.4 This
19、test method simulates the action of the feed shoe ona powder compacting press and gives an apparent density valuethat closely approximates the apparent density of the powder inthe die cavity after the production filling operation.5.5 Knowledge of this apparent density value for the finallubricated p
20、roduction powder mixture is very helpful to thepowder metallurgy (PM) parts fabricator to set the compressionratios for fixed fill die cavity tooling.5.6 The values of apparent density obtained on metalpowders with this test method are approximately 0.2 g/cm3higher than those obtained using the Hall
21、 Funnel, Test MethodB212, the Carney Funnel, Test Method B417; or the ScottVolumeter, Test Method B329.5.7 This test method may be part of a purchase agreementbetween the powder supplier and PM parts producer, or it maybe an internal quality control test for either party.6. Apparatus6.1 Steel Die Bl
22、ock4A hardened, tempered (60 HRCmin.), ground and demagnetized tool steel block approximately6.50 by 2.50 in. (165 by 64 mm) and 1.0000 6 0.0001 in.(25.400 6 0.003 mm) in thickness, having a precise centrallylocated through-hole 1.2466 6 0.0001 in. (31.664 6 0.003mm) in diameter with a volume of 20.
23、0 cm3(see Fig. 2). Thesurfaces of the sides of the die block shall be given aroughening treatment to aid in handling during use (see Fig. 1).6.2 Powder Delivery Cylinder4A nonferrous cylindricalsleeve, preferably brass or bronze, approximately 1.75 in. (44mm) outside diameter and 1.50 in. (38 mm) in
24、side diameterwith a height of about 1.50 in. (38 mm), (see Fig. 2). Thecylinder should be inscribed on the ID with a ring at approxi-mately three quarters of its height to indicate 50 cm3.6.3 Weighing PaperA sheet of coated or waxed paperapproximately 6.0 in. (150 mm) square.6.4 BalanceA laboratory
25、balance readable to 0.001 g, andwith a capacity of at least 200 g, to be used for determining themass of the test specimen to the nearest 0.01 g.7. Test Portion7.1 The test portion shall be approximately 50 cm3ofpowder, obtained in accordance with Practices B215, that willfill the delivery cylinder
26、to about three quarters of its height.4An apparatus may be produced according to the drawings, Fig. 2, in thisstandard. If you are aware of suppliers for this apparatus, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of
27、 the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.FIG. 1 Arnold MeterB703 1728. Procedure8.1 Tare the sheet of coated weighing paper and lay it on aflat level surface.8.2 Thoroughly clean the steel die block and the powderdelivery cylinder with a dry cotton cloth to remove any loosepowder pa
28、rticles. Demagnetize the die if necessary.8.3 Place the steel die block in the center of the sheet oftared paper.8.4 Locate the empty delivery cylinder upright on the steeldie block, on either side of the die cavity.8.5 Carefully fill the delivery cylinder with the 50 cm3testportion of powder to the
29、 ring inscribed at three-quarters of itsheight.8.6 With downward pressure on the delivery cylinder,slowly and smoothly slide it forward across the cavity whilesimultaneously rotating it approximately14 turn. This producesa cascading action by the powder as it falls into the cavity.Continue these mot
30、ions until the cylinder passes completelyover the cavity. Then, maintaining downward pressure on thecylinder, slide it straight back over the cavity to the startinglocation. This sliding action must be slow enough to leave thecavity in the die block completely filled.8.7 Slowly lift the die block to
31、gether with the partiallyempty delivery cylinder off the weighing paper to allow thecontents (the test specimen) of the die cavity to collect on thepaper, being careful not to tip the block and possibly spilladditional powder.DimensionsLetter Inches MillimetresA 6.50 165B 2.50 64C 1.0000 0.0001 25.4
32、00 0.003D 1.2466 0.0001 31.664 0.003E 1.50 38F 1.75 44G 1.13 29H 1.50 38FIG. 2 Arnold Apparent Density MeterB703 1738.8 Transfer the pre-weighed paper with the powder to thebalance and determine the mass of the powder collected to thenearest 0.01 g. This is M, the mass of the test specimen.9. Calcul
33、ation9.1 Calculate theArnoldApparent Density, (ADA), from thefollowing equation:Arnold Apparent Density, ADA!, g/cm35MV(1)where:M = mass of test specimen, g.V = volume of die cavity, 20.0 cm3.10. Report10.1 Report the Arnold Apparent Density, (ADA), as thearithmetic average of three determinations,
34、taken on threeseparate test samples and rounded to the nearest 0.01 g/cm3.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratorystudy of the Arnold Apparent Density test method was con-ducted by ASTM Subcommittee B09.02 in conjunction withthe Metal Powder Producers Association of
35、the Metal PowderIndustries Federation in 1991. Each of eight laboratories testedthree randomly drawn test samples from each of seven differentmetal powders. The design of the experiment followed theprotocol of Practice E691, and an analysis of the within-between laboratory test data is contained in
36、MPIF researchreport MPPA R-48-0053.11.2 Test ResultsThe precision information presentedherein has been calculated for the comparison of two testresults, each of which is the average of three individual testdeterminations.11.3 95% Repeatability Limit (within a laboratory)Thewithin a laboratory limit,
37、 r, as defined by Terminology E456,isestimated to be 0.08 g/cm3. At the 95% confidence level,duplicate Arnold Apparent Density test results from the samelaboratory should not be considered to be different unless theydiffer by more than 0.08 g/cm3.11.4 95% Reproducibility Limit (between laboratories)
38、The between laboratories limit, R, as defined by TerminologyE456, is estimated to be 0.17 g/cm3. At the 95% confidencelevel, two Arnold Apparent Density test results from twodifferent laboratories should not be considered to be differentunless they differ by more than 0.17 g/cm3.11.5 BiasNo informat
39、ion can be presented on the bias ofthe procedure in this test method because no material that hasan accepted reference value is available.11.6 Measurement UncertaintyThe precision of this testmethod shall be considered by those performing the test whenreporting Arnold Apparent Density test results.1
40、2. Keywords12.1 apparent density; Arnold Apparent Density; ArnoldMeter; density of non-free-flowing powders; metal powders;production apparent densitySUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (B703 - 10)that may impact the u
41、se of this standard. (September 1, 2017)(1) Added reference to the “General Information on PM” insection 3.1.(2) Changed “Test Sample” to “Test Portion” in Section 7, andsubsections 7.1 and 8.5.(3) Removed Arnold PM Consulting Services as a supplier ofthis apparatus in subscript 4.(4) Added “rotatio
42、n” in subsection 8.6.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringemen
43、t of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or f
44、or additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views know
45、n to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM
46、 at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 174
