1、Designation: B789/B789M 99 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forInstalling Corrugated Aluminum Structural Plate Pipe forCulverts and Sewers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B789/B789M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures, soils, and soil place-ment for the proper installat
3、ion of corrugated aluminumstructural plate culverts and sewers in either trench or embank-ment installations. A typical trench installation is shown in Fig.1, and a typical embankment (projection) installation is shownin Fig. 2. Structural plate structures as described herein arethose structures fac
4、tory fabricated in plate form and boltedtogether on site to provide the required shape, size, and lengthof structure. This practice applies to structures designed inaccordance with Practice B790/B790M.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standa
5、rd. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to
6、 address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B746/B746
7、M Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Al-loy Structural Plate for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches,and ArchesB790/B790M Practice for Structural Design of CorrugatedAluminum Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches for Culverts,Storm Sewers, and Other Buried ConduitsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction C
8、haracter-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by Sand-Cone MethodD1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Charac-teristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3)D2167 Test Method
9、for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by the Rubber Balloon Method1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.08 onCorrugated Aluminum Pipe and Corrugated Aluminum Structural Plate.Current edition
10、 approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as B789/B789M 05.DOI: 10.1520/B0789_B0789M-99R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
11、ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.FIG. 1 Typical Trench InstallationFIG. 2 Typical Embankment (Projection) Installation1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D2
12、487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2922 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregatein Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)3D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by theDrive-Cylinder Method3. Terminology3.1 Defini
13、tions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 arch, nsegment of a circular shape spanning an openinvert between the footings on which it rests.3.1.2 bedding, nearth or other material on which a pipe issupported.3.1.3 haunch, nportion of the pipe cross section betweenthe maximum horizontal dimension
14、 and the top of the bedding.3.1.4 invert, nlowest point on the pipe cross section; also,the bottom portion of a pipe.3.1.5 pipe, nconduit having a full circular shape; also, ina general context, all structure shapes covered by this specifi-cation.3.1.6 pipe-arch, npipe with an approximate semicircul
15、arcrown, small-radius corners, and large-radius invert.3.1.7 underpass, npipe with an approximate semicircularcrown, large-radius sides, small-radius corners between sidesand invert, and large-radius invert.4. Significance and Use4.1 Corrugated aluminum structural plate pipe functionsstructurally as
16、 a flexible ring that is supported by and interactswith the compacted surrounding soil. The soil placed aroundthe structure is thus an integral part of the structural system. Itis therefore important to ensure that the soil structure is madeup of the acceptable material and well-constructed. Fieldve
17、rification of soil structure acceptability using Test MethodsD1556, D2167, D2922,orD2937, as applicable, and compar-ing the results with Test Methods D698 or D1557, in accor-dance with the specifications for each project, is the mostreliable basis for installation of an acceptable structure. Therequ
18、ired density and method of measurement are not specifiedby this practice but must be established in the specifications foreach project.5. Trench Excavation5.1 To obtain the anticipated structural performance ofstructural plate structures, it is not necessary to control trenchwidth beyond the minimum
19、 necessary for proper assembly ofthe structure and placement of the structural backfill. However,the soil on each side beyond the excavated trench must be ableto support anticipated loads. When a construction situationcalls for a relatively wide trench, it may be made as wide asrequired for its full
20、 depth, if so desired. However, trenchexcavation must be in compliance with any local, state, andfederal codes and safety regulations.6. Foundation6.1 The supporting soil beneath the structure must provide areasonably uniform resistance to the imposed load, bothlongitudinally and laterally. Sharp va
21、riations in the foundationmust be avoided. When rock is encountered, it must beexcavated and replaced with soil. If the structure is to be placedon a continuous rock foundation, it will be necessary to providea bedding of soil between the rock and the structure. See Fig.3.6.2 Lateral changes in foun
22、dation should never be such thatthe structure is firmly supported while the backfill on eitherside is not. When soft material is encountered in the foundationand must be removed to maintain the grade on the structure,then it must be removed, usually for a minimum of threestructure widths. See Fig. 4
23、. A smaller width of removal cansometimes be used if established by the engineer.6.3 Performance of buried structures is enhanced by allow-ing the structure to settle slightly relative to the columns ofearth alongside. Therefore, when significant settlement of theoverall foundation is expected, it i
24、s beneficial to provide ayielding foundation under structural plate structures.Ayieldingfoundation is one that allows the structure to settle vertically bya greater amount than the vertical settlement of the columns ofearth alongside. It can usually be obtained by placing beneaththe structure a laye
25、r of suitable thickness of compressible soil,less densely compacted than the soil alongside. This is particu-larly important on structures with relatively large-radius invertplates.6.4 For all structures with relatively small-radius cornerplates adjacent to large-radius invert plates (such as pipe-a
26、rches or underpass structures), excellent soil support must beprovided adjacent to the small-radius corner plates by both thein-situ foundation and the structural backfill. See Fig. 4 andFig. 5. A yielding foundation must be provided beneath the3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historica
27、l standard is referencedon www.astm.org.d =12 in./ft. 40 mm/m of fill over pipe, with a 24-in. 600 mm maximum.NOTESection B-B is applicable to all continuous rock foundationsFIG. 3 Foundation Transition Zones and Rock FoundationsB789/B789M 99 (2011)2invert plates for such structures when soft founda
28、tion condi-tions are encountered.7. Bedding7.1 In most cases, structural plate structures may be as-sembled directly on in-situ material fine-graded to properalignment and grade. Take care to compact the materialbeneath the haunches prior to placing structural backfill. Forstructures with relatively
29、 small-radius corner plates adjacent tolarge-radius invert plates, it is recommended to either shape thebedding to the invert plate radius or fine-grade the foundationto a slight v-shape. The soil adjacent to the corners must be ofan excellent quality and highly compacted to accommodate thehigh reac
30、tion pressures that can develop at that location. SeeFig. 5.7.2 Structures having a span greater than 15 ft 4.5 m or adepth of cover greater than 20 ft 6 m should be provided witha shaped bedding on a yielding foundation. The bedding shouldbe shaped to facilitate the required compaction of the struc
31、turalbackfill under the haunches. A shaped bedding on a yieldingfoundation is always required under structures with small-radius corner plates adjacent to large-radius invert plates.7.3 Material in contact with the pipe must not contain rockretained on a 3-in. 75-mm diameter ring, frozen lumps,chunk
32、s of highly plastic clay, organic matter, corrosive mate-rial, or other deleterious material.8. Assembly8.1 Structural plate structures are furnished in componentsof plates and fasteners for field assembly. These componentsare furnished in accordance with Specification B746/B746M.Plates are furnishe
33、d in a 4 ft, 6 in. 1372 mm width andmultiple lengths, preformed and punched for assembling intothe required structure shape, size, and length. The plate lengthsform the periphery of the structure. Arrange the single widthand the multiple lengths to allow for staggered, transverseseams to avoid four-
34、plate laps. The fabricator of the structuralplate shall furnish an assembly drawing showing the locationof each plate by width, length, thickness, and curvature. Theplates must be assembled in accordance with the fabricatorsdrawing.8.2 For structures with inverts, assembly shall begin withthe invert
35、 plates at the downstream end. As the assemblyproceeds upstream, plates that fall fully or partly below themaximum width of the structure are lapped over the precedingplates to construct the transverse seams.8.3 Arches on Footings:8.3.1 FootingsArches have no integral invert and usuallyrest in key w
36、ays cast into footings. Key ways must beaccurately set to span, line, and grade, as shown in the plansand specifications. When the arch is not a half circle, the keyway must be angled (rotated) or sized to allow proper entranceof the plate. All pertinent dimensions must be shown on thedrawings.8.3.2
37、 AssemblyFor arch structures, assembly typicallybegins at the upstream end and proceeds downstream, witheach succeeding plate lapping on the outside of the previousplate. There may be cases where it is more advantageous tostart assembly at some other point along the length of thestructure, such as i
38、s in the case where an elbow is involved.During the erection of the ring, plates are not self-supportingand must be temporarily supported. If the size of the key waysis such that the plates may move during backfilling, the platesmust be temporarily blocked in the key ways to maintain span.Assemble a
39、s few plates as practical. Start with a row of severalplates along both of the footings. Before finishing the bottomrow of plates, start at the end of the structure with the next rowof plates. Before reaching the end of the first row of plates, startagain at the end of the structure with the next ro
40、w of plates.Continue this process until the first ring is closed at its top, andthen continue assembling all rows in this same manner. Thestructure will have a “stair step” appearance as a result of thisprocedure. This practice helps to hold the structures shape.8.4 Generally, structural plate shoul
41、d be assembled with asfew bolts as practical. These bolts should be placed loose andremain loose until the periphery has been completed for severalplate lengths. However, on large structures, it is practical toFIG. 4 Soft Foundation TreatmentFIG. 5 Bedding and Corner Zone Treatment for Large-RadiusI
42、nvert Plate StructuresB789/B789M 99 (2011)3align bolt holes during assembly and tighten the bolts tomaintain structure shape. After the periphery of the structure iscompleted for several plate lengths, all bolts may be placed andtightened. Correct any significant deviation in the structureshape befo
43、re tightening bolts (see Section 10). It is advisablenot to tighten bolts on the loosely assembled structure within adistance of 30 ft 9 m of where plate assembly is ongoing. Allbolts shall be tightened using an applied torque of between 100and 150 ftlbf 135 and 205 Nm. It is important not toover-to
44、rque the bolts.8.5 Standard structural plate structures, because of thebolted construction, are not intended to be watertight. Onoccasions where a degree of watertightness is required, it ispractical to introduce a seam sealant tape within the boltedseams. The tape shall be wide enough to effectivel
45、y cover allrows of holes in plate laps, and of the proper thickness andconsistency to effectively fill all voids in plate laps. Generalprocedures for installing sealant tape are as follows: Onlongitudinal seams, prior to placing the lapping plate, roll thetape over the seam and work into the corruga
46、tions. Do notstretch the tape. Remove any paper backing prior to making upthe joint. Seal transverse seams in a like manner with tape. Atall points where three plates intersect, place an additionalthickness of tape for a short distance to fill the void caused bythe transverse seam overlap. It is mos
47、t practical to punch thetape for bolts with a hot spud wrench or sharp tool.At least twotightenings of the bolts will usually be necessary to accomplishthe required torque.9. Structural Backfill Material9.1 Structural backfill is that material that surrounds thepipe, extending laterally to the walls
48、 of the trench or to the fillmaterial for embankment construction, and extending verti-cally from the invert to an elevation of 1 ft 300 mm or18 thespan, whichever is greater, over the pipe. The necessary widthof structural backfill depends on the quality of the trench wallor embankment material, th
49、e type of material and compactionequipment used for the structural backfill, and in embankmentconstruction, the type of construction equipment used tocompact the embankment fill. The width of structural backfillshall meet the requirements given in Table 1.9.2 Structural backfill material shall be readily compactedsoil or granular fill material. Structural backfill may be exca-vated native material, when suitable, or select material. Selectmaterial such as bank-run gravel, or other processed granularmaterials (not retained on a 3-in. 75-mm diam
