1、Designation: B811 131Standard Specification forWrought Zirconium Alloy Seamless Tubes for NuclearReactor Fuel Cladding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B811; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEquations in Section A4.5 were corrected editorially in August 2014.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers seamless wrou
3、ght zirconium-alloy tubes for nuclear fuel cladding application, in the outsidediameter (OD) size range of 0.200 in. (5.1 mm) to 0.650 in.(16.5 mm) and wall thickness range of 0.010 in. (0.25 mm) to0.035 in. (0.89 mm).1.2 Two grades of reactor grade zirconium alloys aredescribed.1.2.1 The present UN
4、S numbers designated for the twogrades are given in Table 1.1.3 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion massgain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SIunits are to be regarded separately as standard. The valuesstated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore ea
5、chsystem must be used independently of the other. SI valuescannot be mixed with inch-pound values.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portions of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use
6、. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B350/B350M Specification for Zirconium and ZirconiumAlloy Ingots for Nuclear App
7、licationB353 Specification for Wrought Zirconium and ZirconiumAlloy Seamless and Welded Tubes for Nuclear Service(Except Nuclear Fuel Cladding)E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsMetric (Withdrawn 2008)3E21 Test Methods f
8、or ElevatedTemperatureTensionTests ofMetallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeG2/G2M Test Method for Corrosion Testing of Products ofZirconium, Hafnium, and Their Alloys in
9、Water at 680F(360C) or in Steam at 750F (400C)2.2 Other Document:ANSI B46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 dimensions, ntube dimensions are outside diameter,inside diameter, and wall thickness. Only two of these param-eters
10、may be specified in addition to length, except minimumwall may be specified with outside and inside diameter. In eachcase, ovality and wall thickness variation (WTV) may bespecified as additional requirements.3.1.2 hydride orientation fraction, Fn, nthe ratio of hy-dride platelets oriented in the ra
11、dial direction to the totalhydride platelets in the field examined.3.1.3 lot size, na lot shall consist of all tubes of the samesize, shape, condition, and finish produced from the same ingotby the same reduction schedule and heat treatment. The finalheat treatment shall be in a single furnace charg
12、e.3.1.4 mill finish tubes, ntubes that have received allfinishing operations subsequent to final anneal, which poten-tially affects tube mechanical, dimensional, or surface condi-tion. These operations include, but are not limited to, pickling,cleaning, outer and inner surface abrasive conditioning,
13、 andstraightening.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last
14、 previous edition approved in 2007 as B811 02 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/B0811-13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
15、the ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 ConnecticutAve., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http:/www.steel.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C7
16、00, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.5 ovality, nthe difference between the maximum andminimum diameter, either outer or inner, as determined at anyone transverse cross-section of the tube.3.1.6 wall thickness variation (WTV), nthe differencebetween maximum and minimum wall thickn
17、ess measured atany one transverse cross-section of the tube.NOTE 1Measurement of ovality andWTVmade by a helical scan witha pitch not exceeding 0.25 in. (6.5 mm) shall be considered as equivalentto “at any one cross-section of the tube.”3.2 Lot Definitions:3.2.1 castings, na lot shall consist of all
18、 castings producedfrom the same pour.3.2.2 ingot, nno definition required.3.2.3 rounds, flats, tubes, and wrought powder metallurgicalproducts (single definition, common to nuclear and non-nuclear standards) , na lot shall consist of a material of thesame size, shape, condition, and finish produced
19、from the sameingot or powder blend by the same reduction schedule and thesame heat treatment parameters. Unless otherwise agreedbetween manufacturer and purchaser, a lot shall be limited tothe product of an 8 h period for final continuous anneal, or toa single furnace load for final batch anneal.3.2
20、.4 sponge, na lot shall consist of a single blendproduced at one time.3.2.5 weld fittings, ndefinition is to be mutually agreedupon between manufacturer and the purchaser.4. Ordering Information4.1 Purchase orders for tubes covered in this specificationshall include the following information to desc
21、ribe adequatelythe desired material:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Grade (see Table 1),4.1.3 Condition (recrystallization annealed or stress reliefannealed),4.1.4 Tube dimensions and tolerance,4.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.6 Surface texture on (roughness) the inside and outsidesurfaces (Ra(micr
22、o-inches or micrometers),4.1.7 Surface condition on the inside diameter (ID) andoutside diameter (OD) surfaces (as pickled, blasted, abraded,etc.),4.1.8 Sample test conditions (if other than mill finishcondition) and standards for corrosion test (see Section 8.2),4.1.9 General test requirements and
23、test plan for lots (seeSection 10),4.1.10 Number of tests and resampling plan and require-ments (see Section 11), and4.1.11 Certification of test (see Section 16).NOTE 2A typical order description may read as follows: 1500 piecesof seamless zirconium-alloy fuel clad tubes OD abraded and ID pickled,G
24、rade R60804, recrystallization annealed 0.650 in. nominal OD by 0.580in. nominal ID by 0.032 in. minimum wall by 10 ft long with a maximumOD ovality of 0.004 in. and maximum WTV of 0.005 in. in accordancewith B811 XX. Maximum surface finish to be 50 in. Ra OD and 50 in.Ra ID.4.2 In addition to the i
25、nformation in 4.1, the followingpoints of agreement between the manufacturer and purchasershould be specified in the purchase order as required:4.2.1 Method of determining yield strength if other than0.2 % offset method (see Section 7),4.2.2 Initial gage length of mechanical test samples fordetermin
26、ing elongation after rupture if other than 2 in. (50mm),4.2.3 Mechanical property requirements for tube other thanfully recrystallization annealed (see Section 7),4.2.4 Location of the inside diameter plugs in elevatedtemperature short-time tension test, when specified (see Sec-tion 7.1.3),4.2.5 Spe
27、cimen temperature(s) during mechanical testing ifother than room temperature and properties and test require-ments (see Section 7), and4.2.6 Grain size requirements and specimen heat treatmentmethod for stress relief annealed tubes (see Section 8.1),4.2.7 Hydride orientation specimen heat treatment,
28、 ifrequired, evaluation method, and magnification of photomicro-graph (see Annex A2),4.2.8 For hydride orientation, angle theta () for determin-ing radial platelets (see Section 8.3 and Annex A2).4.2.9 Burst property acceptance requirements, when speci-fied (see Section 8.4),4.2.10 Use of mandrel an
29、d post burst test measurementtechnique (see Annex A1).4.2.11 Contractile strain ratio acceptance criteria, whenspecified (see Section 7.3 and Annex A4).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials covered by this specification shall be pro-duced in accordance with Specification B350/B350M; allprocesses
30、 to be done in furnaces usually used for reactivemetals.5.2 Tubes shall be made by a process approved by thepurchaser.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The tubes shall conform to the requirements for chemi-cal composition prescribed in Table 2.6.2 Chemical Analysis:6.2.1 The analysis of the material produc
31、ed to this specifi-cation shall be the one made by the manufacturer on the ingotin accordance with Specification B350/B350M. This analysiscan be performed by the manufacturer on the ingot itself, or onintermediate or final products with the same frequency and inthe same positions relative to the ing
32、ot as required in Specifi-cation B350/B350M. The chemical analysis of hydrogen,oxygen and nitrogen shall be determined on the finishedproduct.6.2.2 Analysis shall be made using the manufacturersstandard methods. In the event of disagreement as to theTABLE 1 ASTM and UNS Number Designation for Reacto
33、r GradeZirconium AlloysGrade UNS NumberZirconium-tin alloy R60802Zirconium-tin alloy R60804B811 1312chemical composition of the metal, the composition, for refereepurposes, shall be determined by a mutually acceptable labo-ratory.6.2.3 Product AnalysisProduct analysis is a check analy-sis made by th
34、e purchaser for the purpose of verifying thecomposition of the lot. The permissible variation in the productanalysis from the specification range is as listed in Table 3.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tension Properties:7.1.1 Recrystallization annealed tubes shall conform to therequirements for mechani
35、cal properties at room temperatureprescribed in Table 4. For tubes in the cold worked and stressrelief annealed condition, tension property requirements are tobe mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.7.1.2 When so specified by the purchaser, the tensionproperties shall also
36、be determined at the elevated temperaturesand shall conform to the limits specified by the purchaser.7.1.3 The tension test shall be conducted in accordance withTest Methods E8 or E21. Yield strength shall be determined bythe 0.2 % offset method. The tension properties shall bedetermined using a str
37、ain rate of 0.003 to 0.007 in./in.-min(mm/mm-min) through the yield strength. After the yieldstrength has been exceeded, the cross head speed may beincreased to approximately 0.05 in./in.-min (mm/mm-min) tofailure.7.2 Burst Testing:7.2.1 Burst testing, when specified, shall be performed atroom tempe
38、rature on finished tubing. Recrystallization an-nealed tubes shall conform to the requirements for burstproperties at room temperature prescribed in Table 4. If bursttest is specified for cold worked and stress relief annealedtubes, the acceptance criteria shall be agreed upon between themanufacture
39、r and the purchaser.7.2.2 If elevated temperature burst test is specified, the testmethod and acceptance criteria shall be agreed upon betweenthe manufacturer and purchaser.NOTE 3Burst properties obtained at room temperature were thesubject of a 1971 round robin conducted by ASTM subcommitteeB10.02.
40、5Variability in values was relatively large and should be consid-ered in setting specific limits.7.3 Contractile Strain Ratio (CSR):7.3.1 When so specified by the purchaser, the contractilestrain ratio (CSR) shall be determined at room temperature andshall conform to limits that are mutually agreed
41、upon betweenthe manufacturer and purchaser.7.3.2 Contractile strain ratio testing shall be conducted inaccordance with Annex A4.NOTE 4Contractile strain ratio testing was the subject of a 1993 roundrobin conducted by ASTM Subcommittee B10.02 using specimens withdiameter approximately 0.4 in. (10 mm)
42、. The variability was relativelylarge and should be considered in setting specific limits. The followingtwo-sigma limits were determined as an estimate of the test precision:5STP 551, “Zirconium in Nuclear Applications,” ASTM, 1974, pp. 1428.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsElementUNS NumberR60802UNS Nu
43、mberR60804Composition, Weight %:Tin 1.20 to 1.70 1.20 to 1.70Iron 0.07 to 0.20 0.18 to 0.24Chromium 0.05 to 0.15 0.07 to 0.13Nickel 0.03 to 0.08 . . .Oxygen 0.09 to 0.16 0.09 to 0.16Iron plus chromium plus 0.18 to 0.38 . . .NickelIron plus chromium . . . 0.28 to 0.37Maximum Impurities, Weight %:Alum
44、inum 0.0075 0.0075Boron 0.00005 0.00005Cadmium 0.00005 0.00005Calcium 0.0030 0.0030Carbon 0.027 0.027Cobalt 0.0020 0.0020Copper 0.0050 0.0050Hafnium 0.010 0.010Hydrogen 0.0025 0.0025Magnesium 0.0020 0.0020Manganese 0.0050 0.0050Molybdenum 0.0050 0.0050Nickel . . . 0.0070Niobium 0.0100 0.0100Nitrogen
45、 0.0080 0.0080Silicon 0.0120 0.0120Tungsten 0.0100 0.0100Titanium 0.0050 0.0050Uranium (Total) 0.00035 0.00035TABLE 3 Permissible Variation in Product AnalysisPermissible Variation fromthe Specification Range(Table 2), %Alloying Elements:Tin 0.050Iron 0.020Chromium 0.010Nickel 0.010Iron plus chromiu
46、m 0.020Iron plus chromium plus nickel 0.020Oxygen 0.020Impurity Element:Each 20 ppm or 20 %,whichever is smallerTABLE 4 Mechanical Properties of Recrystallization AnnealedTubes Tested at Room TemperatureAUNS NumbersR60802 and R60804Tension Test Properties (Longitudinal Direction):Yield Strength (0.2
47、 % Offset), min 35 ksi (240 MPa)Tensile Strength, min 60 ksi (415 MPa)Elongation, min %, 2 in. (50 mm) initial gage length 20Burst Test Properties:Ultimate Hoop Strength, min 72.6 ksi (500 MPa)Percent Total Circumferential Elongation (% TCE),min20A“RT” represents room temperature; Note 4 in Test Met
48、hods E8 and E8Mindicates that RT shall be considered to be 50 to 100F (10 to 38C) unlessotherwise specified. Paragraph 9.4.4 in Test Methods E21 states that for theduration of the test, the difference between the indicated temperature and thenominal test temperature is not to exceed 5F (3C) for test
49、s at 1800F (1000C)and lower, and 10F (6C) for tests at higher temperatures.B811 131360.16 for samples with a CSR of 1.68, and 60.22 for samples with a CSRof 2.53.8. Other Requirements8.1 Grain SizeThe average grain size of recrystallizationannealed tubes in the longitudinal section shall be equal toASTM micrograin Size No. 7 or finer when determined inaccordance with Test Methods E112. When specified per 4.2.6,the average grain size of stress relief annealed tubes shall meetthe requirements as agreed upon between manufacturer andpurch
