1、Designation: B855 11B855 17Standard Test Method forVolumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the ArnoldMeter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B855; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for the quantitative determination of the flow
3、 rate of a specific volume ofa free-flowing metal powder or lubricated powder mixture.1.2 With the exceceptionexception of the values for mass, volume and density, for which the use of the gram and the cubiccentimetercentimetre unit is long-standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound
4、 units are to be regarded as standard.The values given in parenthesis are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are notconsidered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the re
5、sponsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in
6、the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B213 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter
7、 FunnelB215 Practices for Sampling Metal PowdersB243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB703 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Related Compounds Using the Arnold MeterE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics2.2 MPIF Standard3MPIF Standard 48 Determination of Apparent Dens
8、ity of Metal Powders using the Arnold Meter3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUseful definitions of terms for metal powders and powder metallurgy used in this standard are found inTerminology B243. Additional descriptive PM information is available in the Related Material section of Vol 02.05 of the Annua
9、lBook of ASTM Standards.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 volumetric flow ratethe relation between time and volume of a free-flowing metal powder determined by measuring thetime for a specific volume to flow through the orifice in a Hall Flowmeter Funnel and expressing the rat
10、io in seconds per 20 cubiccentimetres. (s/20 cm3).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A 20 cm3 test portion of powder is prepared from the lot to be tested following the procedures in Test Methods B215 andB703.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powd
11、er Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.02on Base Metal Powders.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011April 1, 2017. Published November 2011April 2017. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20062011as B855 06.B855 11. DOI: 10.1520/B0855-11.10.1520/B0
12、855-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from ASTM or Metal Powder Industries Feder
13、ation, 105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540 and initially reported in MPIF Standard 48This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possib
14、le to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyr
15、ight ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 This 20 cm3 test portion is timed as it flows through the orifice in a Hall Flowmeter Funnel following the procedure in TestMethod B213.4.3 The volumetric flow rate is calculated and repo
16、rted in seconds per 20 cubic centimetres. (s/20 cm3)5. Significance and Use5.1 The volumetric flow rate is a measure of the flow characteristics of a metal powder. Measuring flow by volume as comparedwith flow per unit mass eliminates the variable of the powder density and relates to the production
17、practice of die filling by volume.5.2 The ability of a powder to flow and pack is a function of interparticle friction. As the surface area increases, the amountof friction in a powder mass also increases. Consequently, the friction between particles increases, giving less efficient flow andpacking.
18、5.3 Knowledge of the volumetric flow rate permits the part producer to estimate the number of parts that can be compacted perhour.5.4 This test may be part of the purchase agreement between metal powder manufacturers and powder metallurgy (PM) partproducers, or it can be an internal quality control
19、test for any company using metal powders.6. Apparatus6.1 WorkbenchA level, vibration-free table or laboratory workbench to support the Arnold Meter and the Hall Flowmeterapparatus.6.2 Arnold Meter4The steel die block and powder delivery cylinder described in Test Method B703 that is used to obtain t
20、he20 cm3 test portion of powder.6.3 Collection PaperA 6.06 by 6.06 in. square sheet of glazed or waxed paper (150 by 150 mm) used to collect the 20 cm3test portion of powder from the die block of the Arnold Meter.6.4 Powder ScoopAsmall nonmagnetic spoonlike laboratory utensil with handle, having a m
21、inimum capacity of 25 cm3, usedfor the controlled transfer of the 20 cm3 test portion of powder from the collection paper into the Hall Flowmeter Funnel.6.5 Hall Flowmeter Funnel5An aluminum calibrated Hall flowmeter funnel having a nominal orifice of 0.10 inches (2.54(2.5mm) with support stand as i
22、s shown in Test Method B213. The funnel is stamped with a correction factor determined by themanufacturer using a Certified Flow Standard.6.6 Timing DeviceA stopwatch or other instrumentation capable of measuring the flow time of the powder to the nearest 0.1second.7. Sampling7.1 Obtain a sample of
23、approximately 150 cm3 from the lot that is to be tested following the procedure in Practices B215.7.2 Using a micro-sample rotary riffler or a micro-splitter, divide the quantity into three test samples of approximately 50 cm3each.8. Procedure8.1 Using theArnold Meter and one of the 50 cm3 test samp
24、les, follow the procedure described in Test Method B703 to preparean exact 20 cm3 test portion of powder.8.2 Using the scoop to carefully pour the sample into the center of the funnel, determine the time required for the powder toflow through the funnel following either of the procedures described i
25、n Test Method B213.8.3 Repeat 8.1 and 8.2 two more times, using a new 50 cm3 sample each time and record each of the three flow timedeterminations to the nearest 0.1 second.9. Calculation9.1 Average the three flow times, multiply by the Correction Factor6 for the funnel being used, and calculate the
26、 Arnold/HallVolumetric Flow Rate in s/20 cm3 units as follows:4 The sole source of supply of the Arnold Density Meter complete with bushing known to the committee at this time is Arnold P/M Consulting Services, 648 Cedar Road,St. Marys, PA 15857. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please pro
27、vide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive carefulconsideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.5 The sole source of supply of the complete Hall Flowmeter known to the committee at this time is ACuPowder Internation
28、al LLC, 901 Lehigh Avenue, Union NJ07083-7632. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerationat a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.6 The correction fac
29、tor is a value supplied by the manufacturer of the funnel using a Certified Flow Standard Periodically, the funnel must be calibrated with the standardpowder to compensate for orifice wear. For the calibration procedure. refer to Test Method B213.B855 172Arnold/Hall Flow Rate, s/20 cm3=Avg. flow tim
30、e3Funnel Correction Factor20 cm3 (1)10. Report10.1 Report the Arnold/Hall Volumetric Flow Rate as the average of three determinations in s/20 cm3 units rounded to thenearest second.10.2 Report the B213 Flow Method, Static or Dynamic, that was used.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Interlaboratory Test Prog
31、ramAn interlaboratory study of the Arnold/Hall Volumetric Flow Rate test method wasconducted by ASTM Subcommittee B09.02 in 1991 in conjunction with the Metal Powder Producers Association of the MetalPowder Industries Federation. Each of eight laboratories tested three randomly drawn test samples of
32、 both an iron powder and alubricated bronze powder mixture. The design of the experiment followed the protocol of Practice B855, and an analysis of thewithin-between laboratory test data is contained in MPIF research report MPIF Standard 48.11.2 Test ResultsThe precision information presented herein
33、 has been calculated for the comparison of two test results, eachof which is the average of three individual test determinations.11.3 95% Repeatability Limit (within a laboratory) The within a laboratory limit, r, as defined by Terminology E456, has beendetermined to be 1 second for the iron powder
34、and 2 seconds for the lubricated bronze powder mixture. At the 95% confidencelevel, duplicate Arnold/Hall Volumetric Flow test results from the same laboratory should not be considered to be different unlessthey differ by more than r.11.4 95% Reproducibility Limit (between laboratories) The between
35、laboratories limit, R, as defined by Terminology E456,has been determined to be 2 seconds for the iron powder and 3 seconds for the lubricated bronze powder mixture. At the 95%confidence level, two Arnold/Hall Volumetric Flow Rate test results from two different laboratories should not be considered
36、 tobe different unless they differ by more than R.11.5 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias of the procedure in Test Method B855 for measuring the Arnold/HallVolumetric Flow Rate because no material having an accepted reference value is availableavailable.11.6 Measurement UncertaintyThe p
37、recision of this test method shall be considered by those performing the test whenreporting Arnold/Hall Volumetric Flow Rate test results.12. Keywords12.1 Arnold/Hall flow; interparticle friction; metal powders; volumetric flow rateSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B09 has identified the location of selec
38、ted changes to this standard since the last issue(B855 06B855 11) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Sec 1.2In 6.3 This test method has been changed to an inch-pound standard.changed “6.0 by 6.0 in” to “6 by 6 in.”(2) Sec 2.1In 6.5 Reference to E456 and E691 has been added,changed a “calib
39、rated orifice” to “A calibrated Hall flowmeterfunnel having a nominal orifice of.”(3) Sec 6.3In 6.5 The picture of the Arnold Meter and a dimensioned drawing have been removed and reference made to B703insteadchanged 2.54 mm to 2.5 mm.(4) Sec 6.5In 7.2 The dimensioned drawing of the Hall Flowmeter F
40、unnel has been removed and reference made to B213instead.changed “test samples” to samples.(5) Sec 11 A completely new Precision and Bias section has been written and inserted to replace the previous section using thesame “r” and “R” values.B855 173ASTM International takes no position respecting the
41、 validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is
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43、quarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This sta
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