1、Designation:B89198(Reapproved2004) Designation: B891 12Standard Specification forSeamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium AlloyCondenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With IntegralFinsSeamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium AlloyCondenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes with EnhancedSurface for Improved Heat
2、 Transfer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () i
3、ndicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers seamless and welded titanium and titanium alloy tubing on which the external or internal surface,or both, has been modified by a cold forming process to produce an integral enhanced surface for
4、improved heat transfer. The tubesare used in surface condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers and similar heat transfer apparatus in unfinned end diameters up toand including 1 in. (25.4 mm).1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
5、are for informationonly.1.3The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only: Section covers seamless and welded titaniumand titanium alloy tubing on which at least part of the external or internal surface has been enhanced by cold forming for improvedheat transfer. The
6、tubes are used in surface condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers, coils, and similar heat transfer apparatus indiameters up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm). The base tube wall thickness is typically at least 0.049 in. average, but lighter gaugemay be negotiated with the manufacturer.1.2 Tubing pu
7、rchased to this specification will typically be inserted through close-fitting holes in tubesheets, baffles, or supportplates spaced along the tube length such as defined in the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA) Standard.3Thetube ends will also be expanded, and may then be welded. T
8、ube may also be bent to form U-tubes or be coiled or otherwise formed,although tight radii may require unenhanced length for the bends.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided f
9、or information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only: Section 8, 9of this specification: ,10andS1 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
10、 use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicabilityof regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards: ASTM Standards:4A1047/A1047M Test Method for Pneumatic Leak Testing of Tubi
11、ngB338 Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat ExchangersE426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products,Austenitic StainlessSteel and Similar AlloysE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Exami
12、nations1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB10.01 on Titanium.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition appr
13、oved in 1998 as B891981. DOI:10.1520/B0891-98R04.Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published March 2012. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as B891 (2004). DOI:10.1520/B0891-12.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SB
14、-_ in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from Tubular Excha
15、nger Manufacturers Association, Inc. 25 North Broadway Tarrytown, NY 10591, www.tema.org.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Sum
16、mary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommen
17、ds that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
18、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Ordering Information3.1Purchase orders for tubes described in this specification should include the following, to describe the tubes adequately.3.1.1ASTM designation and year of issue3.1.2Welded or Seamless3.1.3Grade number3.1.4Dimensions; diameter
19、, wall thickness (ave. or min. specified), length and location of unenhanced surfaces and the total tubelength. Configuration of enhanced surfaces (fins per unit length, fin height, wall thickness under fin, etc.) shall be as agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and purchaser. (Refer to Figs. 1 and T
20、erminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to this Standard:3.1.1 base tube, nthe seamless or welded tube conforming to Specification B338 prior to enhancing.3.1.2 finished tube, nthe tube following enhancement and any heat treatment, forming, or other processing specified.3.1.3 enhanced tube or se
21、ction, nall or sections of tube length that have been mechanically worked inside, outside, or both,to produce increased surface area for improved heat transfer.3.1.4 finned section, nsections of tube exterior length that have been mechanically worked to produce increased surface areafor improved hea
22、t transfer; see Table 1 2)3.1.5Quantity3.1.6Packaging3.1.7Nondestructive tests3.1.8Mill test report3.1.9Certification for nomenclature of finning details.3.1.5 ribbed section, nsections of tube interior length that have been mechanically worked to produce increased surface areafor improved heat tran
23、sfer; see Table 1 for nomenclature of ribbing details.3.1.6 plain ends, ntube ends that have not been enhanced to allow for tube expansion for which properties are essentiallyidentical to the base tube.3.1.7 land, nsection of finished tube where the exterior and the interior surfaces have not been e
24、nhanced, to provide bettersupport where passing through baffles, or for sections of tube that will subsequently be formed as U-bends; normally neither insidenor outside surfaces are enhanced in the land.3.2 Condition (of finished tubes):3.2.1 as-enhanced tube, ntube which is supplied with no thermal
25、 treatment following enhancement.3.2.2 annealed tube, ntube where at least the enhanced length has been heat treated such that a recrystalized microstructureresults for improved ductility for forming of coils or U-bends. Refer to S2.3.2.3 stress relieved tube, nU-tube where at least the bent section
26、 has been heat treated after bending for dimensional stabilityof the bends. Refer to 7.2.3.2.4 thermally oxidized tube, ntube where the entire length has been heat treated specifically for the purpose of enhancingor thickening the surface oxide. Refer to S3.3.3 Lot DefinitionAlot shall consist of fi
27、nished tube from the same base tube heat, enhanced in the same manner and nominaldimensions, and subsequently heat treated using the same resistance heating parameters, in the same furnace charge, or if in acontinuous furnace with continuous temperature monitoring and control within a 24 h time peri
28、od.4. General Requirements4.1Tubes described by this specification shall be furnished with unenhanced ends.4.2Enhanced sections of the tube are normally supplied in the “as-finned” condition (cold worked condition produced by theenhancing operation). The unenhanced sections of the tube shall be in t
29、he annealed condition and shall be suitable for rolling-inoperations. Ordering InformationTABLE 1 ENHANCED TUBE NOMENCLATURED Outside Diameter of Base TubeDi Inside Diameter of Base Tubedr Root Diameter of Finned Section Outside of Tubedo Outside Diameter of Enhanced Section Outside of Tubedi Inside
30、 Diameter of Enhanced Section Inside of TubeW Wall Thickness of Base TubeWf Wall Thickness in Enhanced SectionFh Height of Fin Outside of TubeFm Mean Fin Thickness Finned Section Outside of TubeP Mean Rib Pitch Enhanced Section Inside of TubeRh Height of Rib Enhanced Section Inside of TubeHa Rib Hel
31、ix Angle Enhanced Section Inside of TubeTt Transition TaperB891 1224.1 Purchase orders for tubes described in this specification should include the following to describe the tubes adequately.4.1.1 ASTM Specification B891 designation and year of issue.4.1.2 ASTM Specification B338 grade number.4.1.3
32、If either welded or seamless is required for base tube.4.1.4 Quantity (number of pieces) and the total tube length to be suppled under the purchase order.4.1.5 Base tube dimensions; diameter, wall thickness (average or minimum wall thickness must be specified), tube length(s).4.1.6 Enhancement: conf
33、iguration of finned surfaces (fins per unit length, fin height, wall thickness under fin, etc. refer to Fig.1), configuration of ribbed surfaces (pitch, height, thickness of rib refer to Fig. 2), length of plain ends, location and length oflands (refer to Figs. 3 and 4).4.1.7 Dimensions: length of s
34、traight tubes (refer to Fig. 3), bend radii and leg lengths to tangent of U-bends (refer to Fig. 4).4.1.8 Condition: heat treatment, (annealing, stress relieving, or thermal oxidation) requirements other than the standardas-enhanced condition (refer to 3.2, Section 7, and S2 and S3).4.1.9 Nondestruc
35、tive test requirements other than standard eddy current test (refer to Section 10).4.1.10 Pressure test requirements other than standard pneumatic air under water or pressure differential tests (refer to Section10).4.1.11 Packaging, if other than manufacturers standard (refer to Section 16).4.1.12 S
36、upplementary Requirements made a part of the purchase order.5. General Requirements5.1 Tubes described by this specification shall be furnished with plain ends.FIG. 1 Outside E Finhancemeintg OnlyFIG. 2 Outside Finning and Inside RibbingFIG. 3 Straight Tube Dimensional TolerancesB891 1235.2 Enhanced
37、 sections of the tube shall be supplied in the cold worked condition produced by the enhancing operation unlessspecified otherwise in the purchase order (refer to Supplementary Requirements S2 and S3.)5.3 The tubes shall be able to stand properly conducted expansion and bending without showing crack
38、s or other flaws.6. Materials and Manufacture5.1The integrally enhanced (finned) tubes shall be manufactured from seamless, welded, or welded/cold worked (WCW) plaintubes that conform to all requirements as specified in Specification B3386.1 The enhanced tubes shall be manufactured from annealed sea
39、mless or stress relieved or annealed welded base tubes thatconform to the requirements of Specification B338.5.2Enhanced areas shall be produced by cold forming.6.Condition6.1The tube after enhancing shall normally be supplied in the “as-finned” condition. When specified by the purchaser, for coilin
40、gor other fabricating operations, the tube may be annealed after enhancing.7.Chemical Composition7.1The grade titanium or titanium alloy specified shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed in Specification B338.6.2 Enhanced sections shall be produced by cold forming.6.3 Plain ends and la
41、nds shall not be cold worked during the enhancing operations.6.4 The following titanium grades are considered suitable for enhancing: Grade 1 (11, 17, 27), 2, (7, 16, 26), 2H (7H, 16H,26H), and 3.6.4.1 Enhancing of other grades may be considered by negotiation with the manufacturer.7. Condition and/
42、or Heat Treatment7.1 Straight tubes and the straight sections of U-tubes shall be supplied in the as-enhanced condition as described in 3.2.1, unlessspecified otherwise by the purchaser (see Supplementary Requirements S2 and S3).7.2 U-bends shall be stress relieved in the bent length and at least 1
43、in. (25.4 mm) of material beyond the tangent of each legusing parameters sufficient to maintain dimensional stability of the bend.7.2.1 U-bends shall include a minimum of 2 in. (50.8 mm) land or unfinned length located on each straight leg beyond thetangent of the bend to allow for clamping surface
44、when electric resistance method is used for heat treatment.7.2.2 Stress relieving shall be conducted in air or in a protective inert gas atmosphere such that the operation does not resultin excessive surface oxidation. Surface oxidation indicated by an iridescent straw to dark blue surface color is
45、normal followingstress in relieving in air. Matte gray, or loose white or yellow scale is unacceptable.8. Chemical Composition8.1 The composition of the titanium or titanium alloy shall conform to the chemical requirements for the grade specified as listedin Specification B338.FIG. 4 U-Tube Dimensio
46、nal TolerancesB891 1249. Tensile Requirements8.1The tube prior to the finning operation, or unenhanced portions of the finned tube, shall conform to the grade requirementsfor tensile properties prescribed in Specification B3389.Nondestructive Tests9.1After enhancing operations, subject each tube to
47、a nondestructive electromagnetic test, and either a pneumatic or hydrostatictest as specified in the purchase order. Tubes shall normally be tested in the as-fabricated condition but, at the option of themanufacturer or purchaser, may be tested in the annealed condition.9.1.19.1 The base tube prior
48、to the enhancing operation shall conform to the tensile properties and other applicable requirements ofSpecification B338 for the grade specified.10. Nondestructive, Pressure, and Other Tests10.1 Nondestructive, pressure, and other tests other than those made mandatory in 10.2 or 10.3 shall be speci
49、fied in the purchaseorder.10.2 Eddy Current TestEddy current inspect the tube in accordance with Practice Each tube in the finished condition,except for bending if that is required, shall be subjected to an eddy current test in accordance with Practice E426 by passing itthrough an encircling coil designed to test the entire cross section of the tube.9.1.1.1The reference standard used to adjust the sensitivity setting of the apparatus shall be sound and of the same nominal alloy,enhanced configuration, condition and nominal dimensions
