1、Designation: B 900 04Standard Practice forPackaging of Copper and Copper Alloy Mill Products forU.S. Government Agencies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 900; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice establishes requirements for packaging,packing, and marking intended to ensure proper and saf
3、estorage and transportation of copper and copper alloy millproducts, both foreign and domestic, for direct shipment togovernment activities or shipment processed at a militaryactivity or agency. This practice details the materials, methods,containers, and procedures for the preparation for shipment
4、ofcopper and copper alloy mill products. Mill products whereincopper is the basic metal are within the scope of this practice.Commercial packaging establishes the minimum requirementsthat apply unless Level A or B packing is specified (see 6.1).1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are re-g
5、arded as standard. The SI values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
6、 user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 846 Terminology for Copper and Copper AlloysD 143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of TimberD 779 Te
7、st Method for Water Resistance of Paper, Paper-board, and Other Sheet Materials by the Dry IndicatorMethodD 828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper andPaperboard Using Constant-Rate-of Elongation ApparatusD 1974 Practice for Methods of Closing, Sealing, andReinforcing Fiberboard BoxesD 3951
8、Practice for Commercial PackagingD 4444 Test Methods for Use and Calibration of Hand-HeldMoisture MetersD 5118/D 5118M Practice for Fabrication of FiberboardShipping BoxesD 5168 Practice for Fabrication and Closure of Triple-WallCorrugated Fiberboard ContainersD 5330/D 5330M Specification for Pressu
9、re-Sensitive Tapefor Packaging, Filiment-ReinforcedD 6251/D 6251M Specification for Wood-Cleated Panel-board Shipping Boxes2.2 ANSI Standard:3ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables forInspection by Attributes2.3 Federal Specifications:4A-A-55057 Panels, Wood/Wood Base: Construction andDecorat
10、ivePPP-B-585 Boxes, Wood, WireboundPPP-B-587 Boxes, Wood, Wirebound Pallet TypePPP-B-601 Boxes, Wood, Cleated-PlywoodPPP-B-621 Boxes, Wood, Nailed and Lock-CornerPPP-B-1055 Barrier Material, Waterproofed, FlexiblePPP-D-705 Drum: Metal Shipping, Steel, (Over 12 andUnder 55 Gallon)PPP-D-723 Drums, Fib
11、erPPP-D-729 Drums: Metal, 55-Gallon (for Shipment of Non-corrosive Material)2.4 Military Standard:4MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage2.5 Military Publication:4MIL-HDBK-774 Palletized Unit Loads3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms related to copper and copperalloys, refer to Terminolo
12、gy B 846.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 deckboard, npiece or pieces of lumber fastened atright angles to the stringers or skids of a pallet to form aload-bearing surface.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper andCopper Alloys and is the dir
13、ect responsibility of Subcommittee B05.91 on Editorialand Publications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as B 900 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cu
14、stomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from Standardization Documents
15、 Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.2 gross weight, nthe bare-ite
16、m weight and the weightof all packaging and packing materials.3.2.3 interleaving, nthe protective material placed be-tween two adjacent pieces of metal.3.2.4 net weight, nthe bare-item weight.3.2.5 nominal, adjthe roughsawn, commercial size des-ignation for lumber common to the industry.3.2.6 packin
17、g; Level Athe protection required to meet themost severe worldwide shipment, handling, and storage con-ditions.3.2.6.1 DiscussionA Level A package must be capable ofprotecting material from effects of direct exposure to extremesof climate, terrain, and operational transportation environ-ments.3.2.7
18、packing; Level Bthe protection required to meetmoderate worldwide shipment, handling, and storage condi-tions.3.2.7.1 DiscussionA Level B package must be capable ofprotecting material not directly exposed to extremes of climate,terrain, and operational transportation environments.3.2.8 packaging; co
19、mmercialalthough not specifically de-fined by any government regulation or instruction, commercialpackaging (preservation and packing) is understood to be thosepractices by manufacturers and contractors to protect andidentify material and items packaged for retail and wholesaledistribution purposes.
20、3.2.8.1 DiscussionPractice D 3951 provides guidance inthe application of commercial packaging.NOTE 1It has been determined by joint DoD instructions that com-mercial, also in some areas addressed as industrial packaging, should onlybe used or specified when such packaging is known to satisfy the DoD
21、needs. Such use should be determined before a contract for supplies isawarded or within the life cycle of the contract when substantial savingsto the government may result. Commercial (industrial) packaging shouldnot be specified where multiple shipments and handlings are anticipated ordesired.3.2.9
22、 skid, none of a pair or series of parallel woodrunners affixed to the underside of boxes, crates, or an itemallowing entry of truck forks, or to facilitate sliding.3.2.10 sound woods, nwood free of any form of decay,incipient or advanced, and from insert holes.3.2.11 stringer, na wooden member fast
23、ened at rightangles to the load-bearing members of a pallet or the deckboardof a platform.3.2.12 sulfate paper, nwood-pulp paper made by thesulfate process.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is applicable to packaging of copper alloymill products for shipment to agencies of the U.S. Government
24、.4.2 It covers packaging of rod, bar, shapes, plate, sheet,strip, foil, wire, flat wire, rolled bar, forgings, pipe, and tubeproducts.5. Classification5.1 Shipping containers, for Levels A and B packing (see7.6 and 7.8), having common characteristics are as follows:5.1.1 Category 1Boxes, nailed wood
25、, wire-bound wood,wood-cleated plywood, and wood cleated, veneer, paper over-laid (see 7.6.1).5.1.2 Category 2Fiber and metal drums (see 7.6.2).5.1.3 Category 3Pallets and pallet boxes (see 7.6.3).5.1.4 Category 4Skidded lifts (see 7.6.4).5.1.5 Category 5Hand bundles (see 7.6.5).5.1.6 Category 6Secu
26、red lifts (without skids) (masterbundles) (see 7.6.6).5.1.7 Category 7Reels and spools (see 7.6.7).5.1.8 Category 8Fiberboard boxes (see 7.6.8).5.1.9 Category 9Special containers (see 7.6.9).6. Ordering Information6.1 Orders for products shall specify the following packag-ing information:6.1.1 ASTM
27、designation and year of issue.6.1.2 Fiberboard box, if other than Class 1 (see 7.6.8).6.1.3 Level of packaging and level of packing if other thancommercial (see 7.4 and 7.6.9.1).6.1.4 Maximum gross weight of container (see 7.6.1.6-7.6.1.8, 7.6.3 and 7.6.4).6.1.5 When palletized drums are required (s
28、ee 7.8.2.7).6.1.6 When bare welding rod in wire form is required infiber drums (see 7.8.2.7).6.1.7 When cores fitted with slinger ring attachment arerequired for shafting (see 7.8.2.7).6.1.8 When coiled wire is required in lighter or heavier netweight (see 7.8.2.7).6.1.9 When saddles are required (s
29、ee 7.8.3.1).6.1.10 Special marking required (see 7.9).7. Detailed Requirements7.1 OptionsUnless otherwise specified, packaging andpacking requirements selection shall be at the option of thecontractor.7.2 Packaging and Packing MaterialsMaterials not cov-ered by applicable specifications or not speci
30、fically describedherein shall be of the best commercial quality and suitable forthe purpose intended.7.2.1 PackagingThe use of packaging materials shall bein accordance with 7.8.7.3 Level A:7.3.1 Waterproof Barrier MaterialsThe material shallconsist of 100 % sulfate paper suitably coated or laminate
31、d tomeet the following tensile-strength requirement when tested inaccordance with Test Method D 828 and the following water-resistance requirement when tested in accordance with TestMethod D 779. If an asphalt laminate base weight 30 lbs (13.6kg) minimum is used, the paper shall have a minimum basew
32、eight of 30 lbs per 500 sheets 24 by 36 in. (609.6 by 914.4mm) (30-30-30-minimum).Tensile strength per inch width (weaker direction) 15 lbs (16.8 kg)Water resistance (dry indicator method) 10 h7.3.2 Alternatively, waterproof-barrier materials in accor-dance with Specification PPP-B-1055 may be used
33、at thecontractors option. All wrapping material in contact with baremetal surfaces shall be within the pH range from 5.0 to 10.0.B9000427.3.3 Interleaving PaperInterleaving paper shall be anti-tarnishing, noncorrosive, uncreped paper of 10-lbs (4.54-kg)minimum base weight.7.3.4 Unit ContainersFiberb
34、oard boxes and closure meth-ods used for packaging wire on spools, wire and tube in coils,or similar products shall be in accordance with PracticesD 5118and D 1974. Where specific container designs are notdescribed by the applicable specification, the manufacturerscommercial practice shall apply.7.4
35、 CommercialUnless Level A or B packing is specified(see 6.1), the following shall apply.7.4.1 Packaging material(s) shall be sufficient to affordadequate protection against physical damage during shipmentfrom the supply source to the first receiving activity forimmediate use. This level may be in ac
36、cordance with PracticeD 3951 when such meets the requirements of this level.7.5 Packing (Levels A and B):7.5.1 WoodRequirements for wood for boxes, pallets,reels, and similar items with regard to species, quality, anddimensions shall be in accordance with Specification PPP-B-621 except as modified i
37、n 7.5.1.2 and Tables 1-3.7.5.1.1 SeasoningThe wood shall be seasoned to a mois-ture content not more than 18 % nor less than 12 %.At the timeof inspection of containers, the moisture content of the woodshall not be less than 8 %. Wood for pallets shall be seasonedto a moisture content not more than
38、22 % for deck boards and26 % for stringers.7.5.1.2 PlywoodPlywood for boxes shall be in accordancewith Type I or II, Class 2 of SpecificationA-A-55057 for LevelA packing, and Type III, Class 1 of Specification A-A-55057for Label B packing.7.6 Container Construction Packing and Securing Methods(Level
39、s A and B):7.6.1 Category 1 Boxes:7.6.1.1 Nailed Wood Boxes (All Groups of Wood)Theconstruction and style of nailed wood boxes shall be inaccordance with Figs. 1-6 and Tables 1-4. Side, top, andbottom sections 912 in. (241.3 mm) or less in width shall bemade of one piece, whenever possible. Spliced
40、boards, when-ever necessary, on nailed wood boxes are permissible. Theboards shall be butted and the splicing board shall extend oneach side of the joint at least three times the width of the boardbeing spliced. The splicing board shall equal the width andthickness of the boards being spliced. Nails
41、 shall be clinched.7.6.1.2 Skid (Runners)Except as specified herein, boxeshaving a gross weight exceeding 600 lbs (272 kg) shall bemodified by the addition of nominal 2- by 4-in. (50.8- by101.6-mm) skids positioned flatwise across the width of thebox and located approximately 4 in. (101.6 mm) from t
42、he endsof the box. In attaching skids, nailing shall be through thebottom boards and into the skids. When longitudinal, as wellas, girthwise straps are required, the skids shall be notched topermit passage of the straps between the skids and the bottomof the box. Skids are not required for boxes shi
43、pped on pallets,boxes in a skidded master shipping unit, or boxes 7 ft (2.13 m)or over in length.7.6.1.3 Thickness of LumberThe thickness of lumber fornailed wood boxes shall be in accordance with Tables 1-3.7.6.1.4 NailsThe nails for nailed wood boxes shall be inaccordance with Table 4.7.6.1.5 Stra
44、ppingNailed wood boxes shall be strappedwith flat steel strap or round wire having a breaking strengthequivalent to that of the flat steel strap. Strap placement shallbe in accordance with Figs. 1-6, as applicable.7.6.1.6 Wirebound BoxesWirebound boxes shall conformto Specification PPP-B-585, Class
45、3 use for Level A packingand Class 1 or 2 use for Level B packing. Unless otherwisespecified (see 6.1), the gross weight of wirebound boxes shallnot exceed the requirements of the box specification.7.6.1.7 Wood, Cleated-Plywood BoxesWood cleated-plywood boxes shall be in accordance with Specificatio
46、nPPP-B-601, overseas type for Level A packing and domestictype for Level B packing. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.1),the gross weight shall not exceed, the weight limitations of thebox specification.7.6.1.8 Wood, Cleated, Veneer, Paper-Overlaid BoxesWood, cleated, veneer, paper-overlaid boxes sh
47、all conform toSpecification D 6251/D 6251M Class 2 for Level A packingand Class 1 for Level B packing. Unless otherwise specified(see 6.1), the gross weight shall not exceed the weightlimitations of the box specification.TABLE 1 Nailed Wood Boxes for Straight Lengths of Bar, Rod, Shafting, Shapes, F
48、lat Wire, and Tubular ProductsWeight of Content, lbs(kg)Box Styles(See Figs. 1-6)Minimum SidesThickness, in.(mm)Minimum Topand BottomThickness,in. (mm)Ends End CleatsABattensAStyles 1and 1ABStyles 2, 4, 7,and 8CStyles 2, 4, 7, and 8 Styles 1A, 7, and 8Minimum 1 or2-Ply Thickness,in. (mm)DMinimum 1-P
49、lyThickness, in.(mm)MinimumWidth, in.(mm)MinimumThickness, in.(mm)MinimumWidth, in.(mm)MinimumThickness,in. (mm)Up to 280 (127) 1, 2, and 458 (15.8)12 (12.7) 1116 (27.0)58 (15.8) 212 (63.5)58 (15.8) . .281 to 560(128 to 254)1, 2, and 458 (15.8)58 (15.8) 1116 (27.0)58 (15.8) 212 (63.5)58 (15.8) . .561 to 1120(255 to 508)1to834 (19.1)58 (15.8) 112 (38.1) 1116 (27.0) 234 (69.9)58 (15.8) 234 (69.9)34 (19.1)1121 to 2240(509 to 1016)1to8 1116 (27.0)34 (19.1)12 (38.1) 1116 (27.0) 234 (69.9) 1116 (27) 234 (69.9)34 (
