1、Designation: B900 16Standard Practice forPackaging of Copper and Copper Alloy Mill Products forU.S. Government Agencies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B900; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice establishes requirements for packaging,packing, and marking intended to ensure proper and safest
3、orage and transportation of copper and copper alloy millproducts, both foreign and domestic, for direct shipment togovernment activities or shipment processed at a militaryactivity or agency. This practice details the materials, methods,containers, and procedures for the preparation for shipment ofc
4、opper and copper alloy mill products. Mill products whereincopper is the basic metal are within the scope of this practice.Commercial packaging establishes the minimum requirementsthat apply unless Level A or B packing is specified (see 6.1).1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to bere
5、garded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units which are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
6、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper AlloysD143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of TimberD779 Test
7、Method for Determining the Water Vapor Resis-tance of Sheet Materials in Contact with Liquid Water bythe Dry Indicator MethodD828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper andPaperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-ElongationApparatus(Withdrawn 2009)3D1974/D1974M Practice for Methods of Closing, Sealing
8、,and Reinforcing Fiberboard BoxesD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingD4444 Test Method for Laboratory Standardization andCalibration of Hand-Held Moisture MetersD5118/D5118M Practice for Fabrication of Fiberboard Ship-ping BoxesD5168 Practice for Fabrication and Closure of Triple-WallCorrugated F
9、iberboard ContainersD5330/D5330M Specification for Pressure-Sensitive Tapefor Packaging, Filament-ReinforcedD6251/D6251M Specification for Wood-Cleated PanelboardShipping BoxesD6254/D6254M Specification for Wirebound Pallet-TypeWood BoxesF1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, andSt
10、aples2.2 ANSI Standard:4ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-spection by Attributes2.3 Federal Specifications:5A-A-55057 Panels, Wood/Wood Base: Construction andDecorativePPP-B-585 Boxes, Wood, WireboundPPP-B-621 Boxes, Wood, Nailed and Lock-CornerPPP-B-1055 Barrier Material, Waterpr
11、oofed, FlexiblePPP-D-705 Drum: Metal Shipping, Steel, (Over 12 andUnder 55 Gallon)PPP-D-723 Drums, FiberPPP-D-729 Drums: Metal, 55-Gallon (for Shipment of Non-corrosive Material)1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper andCopper Alloys and is the direct responsibility
12、 of Subcommittee B05.91 on Editorialand Publications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as B900 04(2010). DOI:10.1520/B0900-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orconta
13、ct ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute
14、(ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Bar
15、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.4 Military Standards:5MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and StorageMIL-STD-147 Palletized Unit Loads3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms related to copper and copperalloys, refer to Terminology B846.3.2 Definitions o
16、f Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 deckboard, npiece or pieces of lumber fastened atright angles to the stringers or skids of a pallet to form aload-bearing surface.3.2.2 gross weight, nthe bare-item weight and the weightof all packaging and packing materials.3.2.3 interleaving, nthe protective
17、 material placed be-tween two adjacent pieces of metal.3.2.4 net weight, nthe bare-item weight.3.2.5 nominal, adjthe roughsawn, commercial size des-ignation for lumber common to the industry.3.2.6 packing; Level Athe protection required to meet themost severe worldwide shipment, handling, and storag
18、e con-ditions.3.2.6.1 DiscussionA Level A package must be capable ofprotecting material from effects of direct exposure to extremesof climate, terrain, and operational transportation environ-ments.3.2.7 packing; Level Bthe protection required to meetmoderate worldwide shipment, handling, and storage
19、 condi-tions.3.2.7.1 DiscussionA Level B package must be capable ofprotecting material not directly exposed to extremes of climate,terrain, and operational transportation environments.3.2.8 packaging; commercialalthough not specifically de-fined by any government regulation or instruction, commercia
20、lpackaging (preservation and packing) is understood to be thosepractices by manufacturers and contractors to protect andidentify material and items packaged for retail and wholesaledistribution purposes.3.2.8.1 DiscussionPractice D3951 provides guidance inthe application of commercial packaging.3.2.
21、8.2 DiscussionIt has been determined by joint DoDinstructions that commercial, also in some areas addressed asindustrial, packaging should only be used or specified whensuch packaging is known to satisfy the DoD needs. Such useshould be determined before a contract for supplies is awardedor within t
22、he life cycle of the contract when substantial savingsto the government may result. Commercial (industrial) pack-aging should not be specified where multiple shipments andhandlings are anticipated or desired.3.2.9 skid, none of a pair or series of parallel woodrunners affixed to the underside of box
23、es, crates, or an itemallowing entry of truck forks, or to facilitate sliding.3.2.10 sound woods, nwood free of any form of decay,incipient or advanced, and from insert holes.3.2.11 stringer, na wooden member fastened at rightangles to the load-bearing members of a pallet or the deckboardof a platfo
24、rm.3.2.12 sulfate paper, nwood-pulp paper made by thesulfate process.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is applicable to packaging of copper alloymill products for shipment to agencies of the U.S. Government.4.2 It establishes packaging of rod, bar, shapes, plate, sheet,strip, foil, wire, flat
25、 wire, rolled bar, forgings, pipe, and tubeproducts.5. Classification5.1 Shipping containers, for Levels A and B packing (see7.6 and 7.8), having common characteristics are as follows:5.1.1 Category 1Boxes, nailed wood, wire-bound wood,wood-cleated plywood, and wood cleated, veneer, paper over-laid
26、(see 7.6.1).5.1.2 Category 2Fiberand metal drums (see 7.6.2).5.1.3 Category 3Pallets and pallet boxes (see 7.6.3).5.1.4 Category 4Skidded lifts (see 7.6.4).5.1.5 Category 5Hand bundles (see 7.6.5).5.1.6 Category 6Secured lifts (without skids) (masterbundles) (see 7.6.6).5.1.7 Category 7Reels and spo
27、ols (see 7.6.7).5.1.8 Category 8Fiberboard boxes (see 7.6.8).5.1.9 Category 9Special containers (see 7.6.9).6. Ordering Information6.1 Orders for products shall specify the following packag-ing information:6.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue.6.1.2 Fiberboard box, if other than Class 1 (see 7.6.
28、8).6.1.3 Level of packaging and level of packing if other thancommercial (see 7.4 and 7.6.9.1).6.1.4 Maximum gross weight of container (see 7.6.1.6 7.6.1.8, 7.6.3 and 7.6.4).6.1.5 When palletized drums are required (see 7.8.2.7).6.1.6 When bare welding rod in wire form is required infiber drums (see
29、 7.8.2.7).6.1.7 When cores fitted with slinger ring attachment arerequired for shafting (see 7.8.2.7).6.1.8 When coiled wire is required in lighter or heavier netweight (see 7.8.2.7).6.1.9 When saddles are required (see 7.8.3.1).6.1.10 Special marking required (see 7.9).7. Detailed Requirements7.1 O
30、ptionsUnless otherwise specified, packaging andpacking requirements selection shall be at the option of thecontractor.7.2 Packaging and Packing MaterialsMaterials not cov-ered by applicable specifications or not specifically describedherein shall be of the best commercial quality and suitable forthe
31、 purpose intended.7.2.1 PackagingThe use of packaging materials shall bein accordance with 7.8.7.3 Level A:7.3.1 Waterproof Barrier MaterialsThe material shallconsist of 100 % sulfate paper suitably coated or laminated toB900 162meet the following tensile-strength requirement when tested inaccordanc
32、e with Test Method D828 and the following water-resistance requirement when tested in accordance with TestMethod D779. If an asphalt laminate base weight 30 lb(13.6 kg) minimum is used, the paper shall have a minimumbase weight of 30 lb per 500 sheets 24 by 36 in. (609.6 by914.4 mm) (30-30-30-minimu
33、m).Tensile strength per inch width (weaker direction) 15 lb (16.8 kg)Water resistance (dry indicator method) 10 h7.3.2 Alternatively, waterproof-barrier materials in accor-dance with Specification PPP-B-1055 may be used at thecontractors option. All wrapping material in contact with baremetal surfac
34、es shall be within the pH range from 5.0 to 10.0.7.3.3 Interleaving PaperInterleaving paper shall be anti-tarnishing, non-corrosive, uncreped paper of 10-lb (4.54-kg)minimum base weight.7.3.4 Unit ContainersFiberboard boxes and closure meth-ods used for packaging wire on spools, wire and tube in coi
35、ls,or similar products shall be in accordance with PracticesD5118/D5118M and D1974/D1974M. Where specific con-tainer designs are not described by the applicable specification,the manufacturers commercial practice shall apply.7.4 CommercialUnless Level A or B packing is specified(see 6.1), the follow
36、ing shall apply.7.4.1 Packaging material(s) shall be sufficient to affordadequate protection against physical damage during shipmentfrom the supply source to the first receiving activity forimmediate use. This level may be in accordance with PracticeD3951 when such meets the requirements of this lev
37、el.7.5 Packing (Levels A and B):7.5.1 WoodRequirements for wood for boxes, pallets,reels, and similar items with regard to species, quality, anddimensions shall be in accordance with Specification PPP-B-621 except as modified in 7.5.1.2 and Tables 1-3.7.5.1.1 SeasoningThe wood shall be seasoned to a
38、 mois-ture content not more than 18 % nor less than 12 %.At the timeof inspection of containers, the moisture content of the woodshall not be less than 8 %. Wood for pallets shall be seasonedto a moisture content not more than 22 % for deck boards and26 % for stringers.7.5.1.2 PlywoodPlywood for box
39、es shall be in accordancewith Type I or II, Class 2 of SpecificationA-A-55057 for LevelA packing, and Type III, Class 1 of Specification A-A-55057for Label B packing.7.6 Container Construction Packing and Securing Methods(Levels A and B):7.6.1 Category 1, Boxes:7.6.1.1 Nailed Wood Boxes (All Groups
40、of Wood)Theconstruction and style of nailed wood boxes shall be inaccordance with Figs. 1-6 and Tables 1-4. Side, top, andbottom sections 912 in. (241.3 mm) or less in width shall bemade of one piece, whenever possible. Spliced boards, when-ever necessary, on nailed wood boxes are permissible. Thebo
41、ards shall be butted and the splicing board shall extend oneach side of the joint at least three times the width of the boardbeing spliced. The splicing board shall equal the width andthickness of the boards being spliced. Nails shall be clinched.7.6.1.2 Skid (Runners)Except as specified herein, box
42、eshaving a gross weight exceeding 600 lb (272 kg) shall bemodified by the addition of nominal 2- by 4-in. (50.8- by101.6-mm) skids positioned flatwise across the width of thebox and located approximately 4 in. (101.6 mm) from the endsof the box. In attaching skids, nailing shall be through thebottom
43、 boards and into the skids. When longitudinal, as well asgirthwise, straps are required, the skids shall be notched topermit passage of the straps between the skids and the bottomof the box. Skids are not required for boxes shipped on pallets,boxes in a skidded master shipping unit, or boxes 7 ft (2
44、.13 m)or over in length.7.6.1.3 Thickness of LumberThe thickness of lumber fornailed wood boxes shall be in accordance with Tables 1-3.7.6.1.4 NailsThe nails for nailed wood boxes shall be inaccordance with Table 4. The specific nail size will be found inSpecification F1667 Type I, Style 4ABox Nails
45、.7.6.1.5 StrappingNailed wood boxes shall be strappedwith flat steel strap or round wire having a breaking strengthequivalent to that of the flat steel strap. Strap placement shallbe in accordance with Figs. 1-6, as applicable.7.6.1.6 Wirebound BoxesWirebound boxes shall conformto Specification PPP-
46、B-585, Class 3 use for Level A packingTABLE 1 Nailed Wood Boxes for Straight Lengths of Bar, Rod, Shafting, Shapes, Flat Wire, and Tubular ProductsWeight of Content,lb (kg)Box Styles(See Figs. 1-6)Minimum SidesThickness,in. (mm)Minimum Topand BottomThickness,in. (mm)Ends End CleatsABattensAStyles 1a
47、nd 1ABStyles 2, 4, 7,and 8CStyles 2, 4, 7, and 8 Styles 1A, 7, and 8Minimum 1 or2-Ply Thickness,in. (mm)DMinimum 1-PlyThickness,in. (mm)MinimumWidth,in. (mm)MinimumThickness,in. (mm)MinimumWidth,in. (mm)MinimumThickness,in. (mm)Up to 280 (127) 1, 2, and 458 (15.8)12 (12.7) 1116 (27.0)58 (15.8) 212 (
48、63.5)58 (15.8) . .281 to 560(128 to 254)1, 2, and 458 (15.8)58 (15.8) 1116 (27.0)58 (15.8) 212 (63.5)58 (15.8) . .561 to 1120(255 to 508)1to834 (19.1)58 (15.8) 112 (38.1) 1116 (27.0) 234 (69.9)58 (15.8) 234 (69.9)34 (19.1)1121 to 2240(509 to 1016)1to8 1116 (27.0)34 (19.1)12 (38.1) 1116 (27.0) 234 (6
49、9.9) 1116 (27) 234 (69.9)34 (19.1)ANails used for end cleats shall pass through the ends and be clinched to not less than18 in. (3.175 mm). Nailing and clinching of battens shall be in such a manner asto prevent damage by protruding heads or points to the contents of the box.BEnds of boxes having a weight content exceeding 2000 lb (907 kg) or ends of boxes exceeding 12 in. (305 mm) in depth shall be two-ply laminates of equal thicknesswith the grain reversed.CStyles 2, 4, 7, and 8 boxes shall not be req
