1、Designation: B910/B910M 07 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Specification forAnnealed Copper-Clad Steel Wire1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B910/B910M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers bare round copper-clad steelfor the following applications: electrical, electronic, grounding,tel
3、ecommunications, and other applications.1.2 Four conductivities are covered as follows: 21, 30, 40,and 70 %.1.3 Temper is designated as annealed.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound or SI units are to beregarded separately as the standard. Each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combinin
4、g values from the twosystems may result in nonconformance with the specification.For conductor sizes designated byAWG, the requirements in SIunits have been numerically converted from correspondingvalues stated or derived in inch-pound units. For conductorsizes designated by SI units only, the requi
5、rements are stated orderived in SI units.1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains to thetest method portion only, Section 7, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof thi
6、s standard to establish appropriate safety, health, andenvironmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision
7、 on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on thedate of material purchase form a part of this sp
8、ecification to theextent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:2B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsB258 Specification for Standard Nominal Diameters andCross-Sectional Areas of AWG Sizes of Solid RoundWires Used as Electrical Conductors2.3 NIST Document:3NBS Handbook 100
9、 Copper Wire Tables3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Quantity of each size;3.1.2 Wire size: diameter in inches (see 5.2);3.1.3 Conductivity (see Table 1);3.1.4 Wire to be used for redraw or not;3.1.5 Packaging and shi
10、pping (see 10); and3.1.6 Place of inspection (see 6.1).4. Material4.1 The wire shall consist of a core of homogeneousopen-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen steel with acontinuous outer cladding of copper thoroughly bonded to thecore throughout and shall be of such quality as to meet therequi
11、rements of this specification.5. General Requirements5.1 Tensile Strength and ElongationThe copper-clad steelwire shall conform to the tensile strength requirements of Table2. Because there are many carbon steel and copper thicknesscombinations available, the desired tensile strength should beagreed
12、 upon between the purchaser and manufacturer prior toplacing an order. The elongation shall be 15.0 % minimum forall diameters listed in 5.2.5.2 DimensionsThe wire size range for this specificationshall be from 0.0253 (0.643 mm) to 0.2294 in. (5.827 mm)diameter (see Note 1).1This specification is un
13、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 onElectrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.06 onBi-Metallic Conductors.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as B910/B910M 07(2013)
14、. DOI: 10.1520/B0910_B0910M-07R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National In
15、stitute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internat
16、ionally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.2.1 Permissible VariationsThe wire sizes shall me
17、et thefollowing tolerances:5.2.1.1 For diameters 0.1000 in. (2.54 mm) and over, thewire shall not vary from the specified diameter by more than 6112 %, expressed to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.003 mm).5.2.1.2 For diameters under 0.1000 in. (2.54 mm) and above0.0253 in. (0.643 mm), the wire shall not v
18、ary from thespecified diameter by more than 61 %, expressed to thenearest 0.0001 in. (0.003 mm).NOTE 1The values of the wire diameters in 5.2 are given to the nearest0.0001 in. (0.003 mm) and correspond to the standard sizes given inSpecification B258. The use of gage numbers to specify wire sizes i
19、s notrecognized in this specification because of the possibility of confusion.Anexcellent discussion of wire gages and related subjects is contained inNBS Handbook 100.5.3 Adhesion and Surface DefectsThe copper-clad steelwire, when tested in accordance with 7.4, shall not reveal anyseams, pits, sliv
20、ers, or other imperfection of sufficient magni-tude to indicate inherent defects or imperfections. Examinationof the wire at the break with the unaided eye (normal spectaclesexcepted) shall show no separation of copper from the steel.5.4 JointsNecessary joints in the wire and rods prior tofinal draw
21、ing shall be made in accordance with good commer-cial practice. The finished wire shall contain no joints or splicesmade at finished size.5.5 FinishThe wire shall be free from copper discontinui-ties and all imperfections not consistent with good commercialpractice (see 7.5).5.6 Copper ThicknessThe
22、minimum copper thickness dueto eccentricity shall not be less than shown in Table 2.5.7 ResistivityThe electrical resistivity at a temperature of20C shall not exceed the values prescribed in Table 1. SeeNote 2 for calculating electrical resistance.NOTE 2Relationships which may be useful in connectio
23、n with thevalues of electrical resistivity prescribed in this specification are shown inTable 2. Resistivity units are based on the International Annealed CopperStandard (IACS) adopted by IEC in 1913, which is158 ohm mm2/m at20C for 100 % conductivity. The value of 0.017241 ohm mm2/m and thevalue of
24、 0.15328 ohm g/m2at 20C are, respectively, the internationalequivalent of volume and weight resistivity of annealed copper equal to100 % conductivity. The latter term means that a copper wire 1 in. inlength and weighing 1 g would have a resistance of 0.15328 ohm. This isequivalent to a resistivity v
25、alue of 875.20 ohm lb/mile2, which signifiesthe resistance of a copper wire 1 mile in length weighing 1 lb. It is alsoequivalent, for example, to 1.7241 ohm/cm of length of a copper bar 1 cm2in cross section. A complete discussion of this subject is contained inNBS Handbook 100. The use of five sign
26、ificant figures in expressingresistivity does not imply the need for greater accuracy of measurementthan that specified in Test Method B193. The use of five significant figuresis required for complete reversible conversion from one set of resistivityunits to another.6. Inspection6.1 GeneralAll tests
27、 and inspections shall be made at theplace of manufacture unless otherwise agreed upon betweenthe manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of the purchase.The manufacturer shall afford the inspector representing thepurchaser all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that thematerial is being furnis
28、hed in accordance with this specifica-tion (Note 3).NOTE 3Cumulative results secured on the product of a singlemanufacturer, indicating continued conformance to the criteria, arenecessary to ensure an over-all product meeting the requirements of thisspecification. The sample sizes and conformance cr
29、iteria given for thevarious characteristics are applicable only to lots produced under theseconditions.6.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed by the manufacturer and thepurchaser, conformance of the wire to the various requirementslisted in Section 5 shall be determined on samples taken fromeach lot of wire
30、presented for acceptance.6.1.2 The manufacturer shall, if requested prior toinspection, certify that all wire in the lot was made under suchconditions that the product as a whole conforms to therequirements of this specification as determined by regularlymade and recorded tests.6.2 Definitions:6.2.1
31、 lotany amount of wire of one class and size pre-sented for acceptance at one time, such amount, however, is notto exceed 40 000 lb (18 144 kg) (Note 4).NOTE 4Alot should comprise material taken from a product regularlymeeting the requirements of this specification. Inspection of individuallots of l
32、ess than 500 lb (230 kg) of wire cannot be justified economically.For small lots of 500 lb (230 kg) or less, the purchaser may agree to themanufacturers regular inspection of the product as a whole as evidence ofacceptability of such small lots.6.2.2 samplea quantity of production units (coils, reel
33、s,and so forth) selected at random from the lot for the purpose ofdetermining conformance of the lot to the requirements of thisspecification.6.2.3 specimena length of wire removed for test purposesfrom any individual production unit of the sample.6.3 Sample SizeThe number of production units in asa
34、mple (see Note 3) shall be as follows:6.3.1 For tensile strength, elongation, resistivity, adhesion,and other defects, the sample shall consist of four productionunits. For surface finish the sampling shall be in accordancewith Table 3. From each unit, one test specimen of sufficientTABLE 1 Density
35、(nom.) and Resistivity, (max.), at 20C (NominalConductivity, Minimum Conductivity, and Nominal Density forReference Only)NominalConductivity(% IACS)Nominal DensityMaximum Resistivityat 20CMinimumConductivity(% IACS)lb/in.3(g/cm3) Ohm cmil/ft(ohmmm2/m)21 0.2885 (7.99) 54.58 (0.0907) 19.0030 0.2944 (8
36、.15) 35.26 (0.0586) 29.4140 0.2975 (8.24) 26.45 (0.0440) 39.2170 0.3098 (8.58) 15.96 (0.0265) 65.00TABLE 2 Tensile and Minimum Copper Thickness (Conductivityand Nominal Copper Thickness for Reference Only)NominalConductivity(% IACS)Minimum TensileStrengthMinimum CopperThicknessNominal CopperThicknes
37、spsi (N/mm2) (% of Diameter) (% of Diameter)21 50 000 (345) 1.5 330 45 000 (310) 3.0 740 40 000 (276) 5.0 970 35 000 (241) 15.0 20B910/B910M 07 (2018)2length shall be removed for the performance of the requiredtests. Samples found defective shall not be used.7. Test Methods7.1 Tensile Strength and E
38、longationObtain the tensilestrength, expressed in pounds per square inch (or kilograms-force per square millimetre), by dividing the maximum loadcarried by the specimen during the tension test, by the originalcross-sectional area of the specimen. Tensile strength andelongation may be determined simu
39、ltaneously on the samespecimen.7.1.1 The elongation of wire may be determined as thepermanent increase in length, expressed in percent of theoriginal length, due to the breaking of the wire in tension,measured between gage marks placed originally 10 in. (250mm) apart upon the test specimen (Note 5).
40、 The elongation ofwire shall be determined as described above or by measure-ments made between the jaws of the testing machine (cross-head movement). When the latter method is used, the zerolength shall be the distance between the jaws at the start of thetension test when 10 % of the minimum specifi
41、ed breakingload has been applied and be as near 10 in. (250 mm) aspracticable, and the final length shall be the distance betweenthe jaws at the time of rupture. The fracture shall be betweengage marks in the case of specimens so marked or between thejaws of the testing machine and not closer than 1
42、 in. (25 mm)to either gage mark or either jaw.NOTE 5It is known that the rate of loading during tension testingaffects the performance of the sample to a greater or lesser extentdepending upon many factors. In general, tested values of tensile strengthare increased and tested values of elongation ar
43、e reduced with increase ofspeed of the moving head of the testing machine. It is suggested that testsbe made at speeds of moving head which, under no-load conditions, arenot greater than 12 in./min (305 mm/min), but in no case at a speed greaterthan that at which correct readings can be made.7.1.2 M
44、easure the elongation by means of an extensometeror other device suitable for measuring elongation in 10 in. (250mm), and having a vernier reading to 0.01 in. (0.25 mm)attached to the test specimen at a tension load of approximately10 % of rated strength. Observe the elongation while applyinga tensi
45、on load to the specimen and take the reading whenfracture occurs as the elongation of the specimen. Disregardtests in which the elongation is less than specified, but in whichthe fracture has occurred within 1 in. (25 mm) of the jaws orextensometer clamps.7.2 ResistivityThe electrical resistivity of
46、 the materialshall be determined in accordance with Test Method B193.7.3 Dimensional MeasurementsMake dimensional mea-surements with a micrometer caliper equipped with a vernier(or better instrument) graduated in 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm).Gage each coil at three places, one near each end and one nearth
47、e middle. From each spool unreel approximately 12 ft (3600mm) and gage the wire in six places between the second (600thmm) and twelfth foot (3600th mm) from the end.7.4 Torsion (Twist) TestThe wire shall withstand withoutfracture not less than 20 torsions in a length equivalent to 100times the nomin
48、al diameter of the specimen.All twists shall bemade in the same direction. The rate of applying the twistsshall be approximately 15/min. Specimens shall be twisted todestruction and shall meet the requirements of 5.3 of thisspecification.7.5 FinishSurface finish inspection shall be made with theunai
49、ded eye (normal spectacles excepted) for wire diametersabove 0.100 in. (2.54mm). For sizes of 0.100 in. (2.54 mm) andbelow a magnifier of 10 may be used.7.6 Copper ThicknessDetermination of the minimum cop-per thickness shall be done by microscopical examination ofthe polished end or by standard stripping methods or by anyother suitable method agreed upon between the manufacturerand the purchaser.8. Conformance Criteria (See Note 3)8.1 Any lot of wire, the samples of which comply with theconformance criteria of this section, shall be considered asc
