1、Designation: B 918/B 918M 09Standard Practice forHeat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum Alloys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 918/B 918M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice is intended for use in the heat treatment ofwrought aluminum alloys for general purpose applications.1.1.1 The heat t
3、reatment of wrought aluminum alloys usedin specific aerospace applications is covered in AMS 2772.21.1.2 Heat treatment of aluminum alloy castings for generalpurpose applications is covered in Practice B 917/B 917M.1.2 Times and temperatures appearing in the heat-treatmenttables are typical for vari
4、ous forms, sizes, and manufacturingmethods and may not provide the optimum heat treatment fora specific item.1.3 Some alloys in the 6xxx series may achieve the T4temper by quenching from within the solution temperaturerange during or immediately following a hot working process,such as upon emerging
5、from an extrusion die. Such alternativesto furnace heating and immersion quenching are indicated inTable 2, by Footnote L, for heat treatment of wrought alumi-num alloys. However, this practice does not cover the require-ments for a controlled extrusion press or hot rolling millsolution heat treatme
6、nt. (Refer to Practice B 807 for extrusionpress solution heat treatment of aluminum alloys and toPractice B 947 for hot rolling mill solution heat treatment ofaluminum alloys.)31.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stat
7、ed in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us
8、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents, of the issue in effect on thedate of material purchase, form a par
9、t of this specification tothe extent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:3B 557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and CastAluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy ProductsB 881 Terminology Relating to Aluminum- andMagnesium-Alloy ProductsB 917/B 917M Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Alloy Castin
10、gs from All ProcessesG69 Test Method for Measurement of Corrosion Potentialsof Aluminum AlloysG110 Practice for Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion Re-sistance of Heat TreatableAluminumAlloys by Immersionin Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide Solution2.3 American National Standard:H35.1/H35.1(M) Allo
11、y and Temper Designation Systemsfor Aluminum43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology B 881 for definitionsof product terms used in this practice.3.2 Definition of Pyrometry Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 control sensorsensor connected to the furnace tem-perature controller, which ma
12、y or may not be recording.3.2.2 load sensorsensor that is attached to the productionmaterial or a representation of production material, that sup-plies temperature data of the production material to processinstrumentation.3.2.3 monitoring sensorsensor connected to the monitor-ing instrument.3.2.4 te
13、st sensorsensor used in conjunction with a testinstrument to perform a system accuracy test or temperatureuniformity survey.4. Equipment4.1 Heating MediaAluminum alloys are typically heat-treated in air chamber furnaces or molten salt baths; however,lead baths, oil baths, or fluidized beds, may be u
14、sed. The use ofuncontrolled heating is not permitted. Whichever heating1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 onAluminum Alloy Wrought Products.Current edition approved March 15, 2009. Published
15、 April 2009. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as B 918 01.2Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at se
16、rviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at
17、 the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.means are employed, careful evaluation is required to ensurethat the alloy being heat-treated responds properly to heat-treatment and is not damaged by overheat
18、ing or by theheat-treatment environment.4.1.1 Air chamber furnaces may be oil- or gas-fired or maybe electrically heated. Furnace components that are signifi-cantly hotter than the metal should be suitably shielded formetal less than 0.250 in. 6.35 mm thick to prevent adverseradiation effects. The a
19、tmosphere in air chamber furnaces mustbe controlled to prevent potential porosity resulting fromsolution heat treatment (see Note 1). The suitability of theatmosphere in an air-chamber furnace can be demonstrated bytesting, in accordance with 7.4.2.1, that products processed inthat furnace are free
20、from heat-treat induced porosity.NOTE 1Heat-treat induced porosity may lower mechanical propertiesand commonly causes blistering of the surface of the material. Thecondition is most likely to occur in furnaces in which the products ofcombustion contact the work, particularly if the gases are high in
21、 watervapor or contain compounds of sulfur. In general, the high-strengthwrought alloys of the 2xxx and 7xxx series are most susceptible.Low-strength and Alclad (two sides) products are practically immune tothis type of damage. Anodic films and proprietary heat-treat coatings arealso useful in prote
22、cting against porosity resulting from solution heattreatment. Surface discoloration is a normal result of solution heattreatment of aluminum alloys and should not be interpreted as evidence ofdamage from overheating or as heat-treat induced porosity (see 7.4.2.1).4.1.2 Salt baths heat the work rapid
23、ly and uniformly. Thetemperature of the bath can be closely controlled, an importantconsideration in solution heat treatment of wrought aluminumalloys. High-temperature oxidation of aluminum is not aproblem in salt baths.4.2 Furnace Temperature Uniformity and Calibration Re-quirements:4.2.1 After es
24、tablishment of thermal equilibrium or a recur-rent temperature pattern, the temperature in the working(soaking) zone, for all furnace control and test sensors, shallmaintain temperature in the working (soaking) zone within thefollowing allowable ranges:4.2.1.1 50F 28C range for furnaces used only fo
25、r fullannealing at 825F 441C and higher, except 20F 12Crange if the annealing temperature is within 15F 8C of themiddle of the solution heat treating temperature range specifiedin Table 2.4.2.1.2 30F 17C range for furnaces used only for solu-tion heat treatment of those 6xxx alloys for which Table 2
26、specifies a range from 30F 17C or more.4.2.1.3 20F 12C range for furnaces used for othersolution heat treatment specified in Table 2 and any aging heattreatment.4.2.2 Temperature-Measuring System Accuracy TestTheaccuracy of temperature-measuring system shall be checkedweekly under operating conditio
27、ns. This check should be madeby inserting a calibrated test temperature-sensing elementadjacent to the furnace temperature-sensing element and read-ing the test temperature-sensing element with a calibrated testpotentiometer. When the furnace is equipped with dual poten-tiometer measuring systems wh
28、ich are checked daily againsteach other, the preceding checks may be conducted every 3months rather than every week. The test temperature-sensingelement, potentiometer, and cold junction compensation com-bination shall have been calibrated against National Institute ofStandards and Technology (NIST)
29、 or equivalent national stan-dard primary or secondary certified temperature-sensing ele-ments, within the previous 3 months, to an accuracy of 62F61.1C.4.3 Furnaces and Salt Baths Temperature UniformitySurveysA temperature uniformity survey shall be performedfor each furnace and salt bath to ensure
30、 compliance withtemperature uniformity requirements (see 4.2) and the require-ments presented herein.4.3.1 A new temperature uniformity survey shall be madeafter any modification, repair, adjustment (for example, topower controls, or baffles), or re-build which alters the tem-perature uniformity cha
31、racteristics of the furnace or salt bathand changes the effectiveness of the heat treatment.4.3.2 The initial temperature survey shall be made at themaximum and minimum temperature of solution heat treat-ments and precipitation heat treatments for which each furnaceis to be used. There shall be at l
32、east one test location for each25 ft30.69 m3 of air furnace volume up to a maximum of 40test locations, with a minimum of nine test locations, one ineach corner and one in the center. For salt-bath furnaces, onetest location is required for each 40 ft31.1 m3 of volume.4.3.3 After the initial survey,
33、 each furnace shall be surveyedmonthly thereafter, except as provided in 4.3.8 and 4.3.9. Themonthly survey shall be at one operating temperature forsolution heat treatment and one operating temperature forprecipitation heat treatment.TABLE 1 Tests RequiredProductFormTensilePropertiesAHeat-Treat-Ind
34、ucedPorosityBPeriodicTestIntergranularCorrosionCPeriodicTestDiffusion(AlcladOnly)DPeriodicTestEutecticMeltingPeriodicTestPlate andsheetXXXEXXWire, rod, bar,and profilesX X X . XForgings X X X . . . XTubing X X . . . X XRivets,fastenercomponentsX X X . XAThose specified in the applicable procurement
35、material specification for lotrelease.BApplicable only to material solution heat-treated in air furnaces.CApplicable to the most quench-sensitive alloys-tempers in the following orderof preference: (1) 2xxx in -T3 or -T4 and (2) 7xxx in -T6 temper. No test is requiredif 2xxx-T3 or -T4 or 7xxx-T6, wa
36、s not solution heat-treated during the period sincethe prior verification test.DNot applicable for thicknesses less than 0.020 in.EApplicable to periodic testing of sheet product only.B 918/B 918M 092TABLE 2 Recommended Heat Treatment for Wrought Aluminum AlloysASolution Heat Treatment Precipitation
37、 Heat TreatmentBProductMetal Temperature,610F 66CC,DQuench Temperature,F CETemperMetal Temperature,610F 66CTime at Temperature,hTemper2011 AlloyACold-finished wire, rod, and bar 945-995 507535 110 43 max T3FT4T451G320 160.14.T8F.Drawn tube 975 524 110 43 max T3FT4511G. . .2014 AlloyAFlat sheet, bare
38、 or Alclad 935 502 110 43 max T3FT42.320 160.18.T62Coiled sheet, bare or Alclad 935 502 110 43 max T4T42320 160320 1601818T6T62Plate, bare or Alclad 935 502 110 43 max T451GT42320 160.18.T651G.Cold-finished wire, rod, and bar 935 502 110 43 max T4T451HT42320 160or 350 177320 160or 350 177320 160or 3
39、50 177188188188T6T651HT62Extruded wire, rod, bar, profiles, and tube 935 502 110 43 max T4T4510HT4511HT42320 160or 350 177320 160or 350 177320 160or 350 177320 160or 350 177188188188188T6T6510HT6511HT62Drawn tube 935 502 110 43 max T4T42320 160320 1601818T6T62Die forgings 935 502 140180 60-82 T4 340
40、 171 10 T6Hand forgings and rolled rings 935 502 140180 60-82 T452IT4340 171340 1711010T652IT62017 AlloyACold-finished wire, rod, and bar 925950 496-510 110 43 max T4T451HT42.2018 AlloyADie forgings 940970 504-521 212 100 T4 340 171 10 T612024 AlloyAFlat sheet, bare or Alclad 920 493 110 43 max T3FT
41、361JT42T42375 191375 191375 191375 191128916T81FT861JT62T72Coiled sheet, bare or Alclad 920 493 110 43 max T4T42.375 191.9.T62Plate, bare or Alclad 920 493 110 43 max T351GT361JT42375 191375 191375 1911289T851GT861JT62Cold-finished wire, rod, and bar 920 493 110 43 max T351HT36JT4T42375 191.375 1913
42、75 19112.1216T851H.T6T62Extruded wire, rod, bar, profiles, and tube 920 493 110 43 max T3FT3510HT3511HT42375 191375 191375 191.121212.T81FT8510HT8511H.Drawn tube 920 493 110 43 max T3FT42.2025 AlloyADie forgings 960 516 140160 60-71 T4 340 171 10 T62117 AlloyACold-finished, wire or rod 925950 496-51
43、0 110 43 max T4 . . . . . . . . .2124 AlloyAPlate 920 493 110 43 max T351G350 177 12 T851GB 918/B 918M 093TABLE 2 ContinuedSolution Heat Treatment Precipitation Heat TreatmentBProductMetal Temperature,610F 66CC,DQuench Temperature,F CETemperMetal Temperature,610F 66CTime at Temperature,hTemper2218 A
44、lloyADie forgings 950 510 212 100 T4 340 171 10 T612219 AlloyAFlat sheet, bare or Alclad 995 535 110 43 max T31FT37KT42350 177325 163375 191182436T81FT87KT62Plate 995 535 110 43 max T37KT351GT42350 177350 177375 191181836T87KT851GT62Cold-finished wire, rod, and bar 995 535 110 43 max T4T351H375 1913
45、75 1911818T6T851HExtruded wire, rod, bar, profiles, and tube 995 535 110 43 max T31FT3510HT3511HT42375 191375 191375 191375 19118181836T81FT8510HT8511HT62Die forgings and rolled rings 995 535 110 43 max T4 375 191 26 T6Hand forgings 995 535 110 43 max T4T352I375 191350 1772618T6T852I2618 AlloyADie,
46、hand, and rolled ring forgings 985 529 212 100 T4 390 199 20 T614032 AlloyDie forgings 940970 504-521 140180 6082 T4 340 171 10 T66005 AlloyExtruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube . . .L. . . T1 350 177 8 T56005A AlloyExtruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube . . .L. . . T1 350 177 8 T56013 AlloyASheet, b
47、are 1055 568 110 43 max T4 375 191or 345 17448T6Plate, bare 10201050 549-566110 43 max . . . 345 174 816 T651GCold-finished wire, rod, and bar 1050 566 110 43 max . . .375 191375 19144T651HT8F6053 AlloyCold-finished wire and rod 970 521 110 43 max T4 355 179 8 T61Die forgings 970 521 110 43 max T4 3
48、40 171 10 T66061 AlloyASheet, bare or Alclad 9601075 516-579M110 43 max T4T42320 160320 1601818T6T62Plate 9601075 516-579110 43 max T451GT42320 160320 1601818T651GT62Tread Sheet and PlateN,O9601075 516-579110 43 max T4 320 160 18 T6Cold-finished wire, rod, and bar 9601075 516-579110 43 maxPT4T3FT4T451HT42340 171or 320 160340 171or 320 160340 171or 320 160340 171or 320 160340 171or 320 160818818818818818T6T89Q,RT94ST651HT62Extruded rod, bar, profi
