ASTM B963-2008 Standard Test Methods for Oil Content Oil-Impregnation Efficiency and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes&x2019 Prin.pdf
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1、Designation: B 963 08Standard Test Methods forOil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and InterconnectedPorosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) ProductsUsing Archimedes Principle1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 963; the number immediately following the designation indicat
2、es the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard describes three related test me
3、thods thatcover the measurement of physical properties of oil-impregnated powder metallurgy products.1.1.1 Determination of the volume percent of oil containedin the material.1.1.2 Determination of the efficiency of the oil-impregnation process.1.1.3 Determination of the percent interconnected poros
4、ityby oil impregnation.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are converted in accor-dance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10 and are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us
5、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyD 1217 Test Method for Density and Re
6、lative Density(Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer Method2.2 IEEE/ASTM Standard:SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the Interna-tiona
7、l System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy (PM) terms can befound in Terminology B 243. Additional descriptive material isavailable in the Related Material section of Vol. 02.05 of theAnnual Book of ASTM Standards.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 T
8、he part or test specimen is first weighed in air. It is thenoil impregnated to fill the surface-connected porosity and thespecimen is reweighed. The test specimen is then weighedwhen immersed in water and its volume calculated based onArchimedes principle. The oil is then removed and thespecimen is
9、reweighed.4.2 The oil content of an oil-impregnated part or testspecimen is then calculated as a percentage of the volume ofthe specimen. This may be done for the as-received and thefully oil-impregnated specimen.4.3 The oil-impregnation effciency is calculated by dividingthe as-received oil content
10、 by the fully impregnated oil contentand expressing the result as a percentage.4.4 The volume percentage of interconnected porosity (asmeasured by oil impregnation) is then calculated based on theamount of oil in the fully oil-impregnated specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 Oil content values are ge
11、nerally contained in specifica-tions for oil-impregnated PM bearings.5.2 The oil-impregnation efficiency provides an indicationof how well the as-received parts had been impregnated.5.3 The desired self-lubricating performance of PM bear-ings requires a minimum amount of interconnected porosityand s
12、atisfactory oil impregnation of the interconnected poros-ity. A minimum oil content is specified.5.4 The results from these test methods may be used forquality control or compliance purposes.6. Apparatus6.1 Analytical BalancePrecision single-pan balance thatwill permit readings within 0.01 % of the
13、test specimen mass.See Table 1.6.2 Water ContainerA glass beaker or other suitabletransparent container should be used to contain the water.NOTE 1A transparent container makes it easier to see air bubblesadhering to the test specimen and specimen support when immersed inwater.1These test methods are
14、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 onMetal Powders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B09.04 on Bearings.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact A
15、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 2For the most precise
16、determination, the water containershould be of a size that the level of the water does not rise more than2.5 mm (0.10 in.) when the test specimen is lowered into the water.6.3 WaterDistilled or deionized water to which 0.05 to 0.1volume percent of a wetting agent has been added to reduce theeffects
17、of surface tension.NOTE 3Degassing the water by evacuation, boiling, or ultrasonicagitation helps to prevent air bubbles from collecting on the test specimenand support when immersed in water.6.4 Test Specimen Support for Weighing in WaterTwotypical arrangements are shown in Fig. 1. The suspension w
18、iremay be twisted around the test specimen or the test specimenmay be supported in a wire basket that is attached to thesuspension wire. For either arrangement, a single corrosion-resistant wirefor example, austenitic stainless steel, copper,or nichromeshall be used for the basket and suspension wir
19、e.The maximum recommended diameter of suspension wire tobe used for various mass ranges is shown in Table 2.NOTE 4For the most precise determinations, it is important that themass and volume of all supporting wires immersed in water be minimized.6.5 Oil for Oil-ImpregnationThe same type of oil that
20、wasused to impregnate the parts originally.6.5.1 If parts are not already impregnated, oil with aviscosity of 20 3 10-6to 65 3 10-6m2/s (20 to 65 cSt or 100to 300 SSU) at 38 C (100 F) has been found to be suitable.6.6 Vacuum Impregnation ApparatusEquipment for im-pregnation of the part or test speci
21、men with oil.6.7 ThermometerA thermometer with an accuracy of0.5 C (1 F) to measure the temperature of the water.6.8 Soxhlet ApparatusGlass laboratory unit consisting ofa condenser, extractor, filter, flask with a suitable solvent forthe oil such as petroleum ether, and a heating mantle.7. Preparati
22、on of Test Specimens7.1 The mass of the test specimen shall be a minimum of1.0 g. For small parts, several parts may be combined to reachthe minimum mass.TABLE 1 Balance SensitivityMass,gBalance Sensitivity,gless than 10 0.000110 to less than 100 0.001100 to less than 1000 0.011000 to less than 10 0
23、00 0.1FIG. 1 Methods for Holding the Test Specimen When Weighing in WaterTABLE 2 Maximum Recommended Wire DiametersMass,gWire Diameter,mm (in.)less than 50 0.12 (0.005)50 to less than 200 0.25 (0.010)200 to less than 600 0.40 (0.015)600 and greater 0.50 (0.020)B9630827.2 Thoroughly wipe clean all su
24、rfaces of the test specimento remove any adhering foreign materials such as dirt or oxidescale.7.3 Take care with cut specimens to avoid rough surfaces towhich an air bubble may adhere.A100-grit sanding or abrasivegrinding is recommended to remove all rough surfaces.8. Procedure8.1 It is important t
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