1、Designation: B977 11B977 13Standard Specification forTitanium and Titanium Ingots1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification covers titanium and titanium alloy ingots as follows:1.1.1 Grade 1UNS R50250. Unalloyed titanium,1.1.2 Grade 2UNS R50400. U
3、nalloyed titanium,1.1.3 Grade 3UNS R50550. Unalloyed titanium,1.1.4 Grade 4UNS R50700. Unalloyed titanium,1.1.5 Grade 5UNS R56400. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium),1.1.6 Grade 6UNS R54520. Titanium alloy (5 % aluminum, 2.5 % tin),1.1.7 Grade 7UNS R52400. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.
4、25 % palladium,1.1.8 Grade 9UNS R56320. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium),1.1.9 Grade 11UNS R52250. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 % palladium,1.1.10 Grade 12UNS R53400. Titanium alloy (0.3 % molybdenum, 0.8 % nickel),1.1.11 Grade 13UNS R53413. Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %
5、ruthenium),1.1.12 Grade 14UNS R53414. Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium),1.1.13 Grade 15UNS R53415. Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium),1.1.14 Grade 16UNS R52402. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,1.1.15 Grade 17UNS R52252. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08
6、 % palladium,1.1.16 Grade 18UNS R56322. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,1.1.17 Grade 19UNS R58640. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 % vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 %molybdenum),1.1.18 Grade 20UNS R58645. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 % vanadium
7、, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 %molybdenum) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,1.1.19 Grade 21UNS R58210. Titanium alloy (15 % molybdenum, 3 % aluminum, 2.7 % niobium, 0.25 % silicon),1.1.20 Grade 23UNS R56407. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium with extra low interstitials, ELI),1.1.21 Grade 2
8、4UNS R56405. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium) plus 0.4 to 0.8 % palladium,1.1.22 Grade 25UNS R56403. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium) plus 0.3 to 0.8 % nickel and 0.04 to 0.08 %palladium,1.1.23 Grade 26UNS R56404. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,1.1.24 Grade 27
9、UNS R52254. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,1.1.25 Grade 28UNS R56323. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium) plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,1.1.26 Grade 29UNS R56404. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium, extra low interstitial elements, ELI) plus 0.08to 0.14 % rutheniu
10、m,1.1.27 Grade 30UNS R53530. Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 % palladium),1.1.28 Grade 31UNS R53532. Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 % palladium),1.1.29 Grade 32UNS R55111. Titanium alloy (5 % aluminum, 1 % tin, 1 % zirconium, 1 % vanadium, 0.8 % molybdenum),1.1.30 Grade 33UNS R53442. Titanium
11、 alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 % palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),1.1.31 Grade 34UNS R53445. Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 % palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),1.1.32 Grade 35UNS R56340. Titanium alloy (4.5 % aluminum, 2 % molybdenum, 1.6 % vanadium, 0.5 % iron, 0.3 %sil
12、icon),1.1.33 Grade 36UNS R58450. Titanium alloy (45 % niobium),1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB10.01 on Titanium.Current edition approved July 1, 2011July 1, 2013. Publi
13、shed August 2011August 2013. DOI:10.1520/B097711.Originally approved in 2011. Last previous editionapproved inn 2011 as B977 11. DOI:10.1520/B0977-13.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the
14、 previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary o
15、f Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.1.34 Grade 37UNS R52815. Titanium alloy (1.5 % aluminum), and1.1.35 Grade 38UNS R54250. Titanium alloy (4 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadiu
16、m, 1.5 % iron).1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non
17、-conformance with the standard.1.3 The following caveat pertains only to the test method portions of this specification: This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate
18、 safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying ObservationsE539 T
19、est Method for Analysis of Titanium Alloys by X-Ray Fluorescence SpectrometryE1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas FusionTechniqueE1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion
20、ThermalConductivity/Infrared Detection MethodE1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion AnalysisE2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission Sp
21、ectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)E2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive and Refractory Metals3. Terminology3.1 Lot Definitions:3.2 ingot, na quantity of metal cast into a shape suitable for subsequent processing to various mill products.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for
22、 material under this specification shall include the following information as required to describe adequately thedesired material:4.1.1 Grade number (1.1),4.1.2 Nominal weight in the unit system regarded as standard (inch-pound or SI),4.1.3 Nominal size (width and gauge or diameter, length) in the u
23、nit system regarded as standard (inch-pound or SI),4.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue.4.2 Orders for material under this specification may include (at the discretion of the purchaser) the following additionalinformation:4.2.1 Method of manufacture (5.1),4.2.2 Surface condition (7.1 and 7.2),4.
24、2.3 Product analysis (6.2),4.2.4 Additional chemical analysis (6.1.3),4.2.5 Requirements for purchaser inspection/witness (11.1), and4.2.6 Packaging (Section 15).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials covered by this specification are produced by one of the following methods:5.1.1 double vacuum a
25、rc melting,5.1.2 triple vacuum arc melting,5.1.3 electron beam cold hearth melting followed by vacuum arc melting,5.1.4 plasma arc cold hearth melting followed by vacuum arc melting,5.1.5 electron beam cold hearth melting,5.1.6 plasma arc cold hearth melting or5.1.7 other melting process as agreed u
26、pon by the purchaser and producer.5.2 The melting method used to produce the ingot shall be reported to the purchaser on the certification.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume
27、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.B977 1325.3 The melting method shall be at the discretion of the producer, unless specified in the purchase order.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The chemistry of titanium and titanium alloy ingot covered by this specification
28、shall conform to the requirements for thespecified grade as prescribed in Table 1.6.1.1 The elements listed for each grade in Table 1 are intentional alloy additions or elements that are inherent to themanufacture of titanium sponge or ingot.6.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt, including
29、additions made via revert additions, must be identified, analyzed andreported in the chemical analysis. Elements not listed in Table 1 for the specified grade shall not be required.6.1.3 When agreed upon by the producer and purchaser and requested by the purchaser in the written purchase order, chem
30、icalanalysis shall be completed for specific elements not listed in this specification.6.2 The chemical analysis shall normally be conducted using theASTM standard test methods referenced in 2.1. Other industrystandard methods may be used where the ASTM test methods in 2.1 do not adequately cover th
31、e elements in the material or byother methods acceptable to the purchaser. Alternate techniques are discussed in Guide E2626.6.3 Product Check AnalysisProduct check analysis is an analysis made by or for the purchaser for the purpose of verifyingthe composition of the ingot. The check analysis toler
32、ances reflect the variation between laboratories in the measurement ofchemical composition. The permissible variation in the product check analysis from the specified range is as prescribed in Table2.7. Condition7.1 Surface FinishThe surface finish shall be at the discretion of the producer, unless
33、specified in the purchase order.7.2 When specified, the ingots shall be conditioned on the surface to standards agreed upon between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.7.3 Titanium and titanium alloy ingots shall be free of imperfections that would be deemed injurious by the standards ofacceptability
34、agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.7.3.1 The manufacturer shall be permitted to remove minor surface imperfections. Surface imperfections may be removed upto 1 in. (25 mm) deep from the ingot surface. Areas adjacent to the imperfection shall be blended smoothly into the ingot sur
35、faceat a slope not less than 3:1.8. Retest8.1 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious contamination, improper preparation, or flaws disqualifying it as a representativesample, it shall be discarded and a new sample or specimen substituted.8.2 If the results of any test are not in conformance with
36、 the requirements of this specification, the original sample from the ingotmay be retested or the ingot may be re-sampled and tested.8.2.1 If the original ingot sample is retested, the frequency of the retest will be at least double the initial number of tests. Theretests will be compared to the ori
37、ginal value to determine if the original value is an outlier in accordance with Practice E178. Ifit is an outlier the retest values will be averaged and the averaged retest values reported. If it is not an outlier all the values willbe averaged and the averages of all of the tests become the test va
38、lue reported. If the averaged value reported conforms to thespecification, then they become the test values for certification.8.2.2 The manufacturer may resample the ingot at the non-conforming location(s) in a different area at the same axial location.The frequency of the resample will be at least
39、double the initial number of tests. If the results of the resample conform to thespecification, then the resample values become the test values for certification.8.3 The manufacturer may scalp or crop the ingot to remove nonconforming material then sample the remaining ingotposition(s). The ingot sh
40、all be acceptable if all results of the tests on the ingot conform to this specification.9. Sampling9.1 Samples for chemical analyses shall be representative of the material being tested.The utmost care must be used in samplingtitanium for chemical analysis because of its great affinity for elements
41、 such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Therefore incutting samples for analysis, the operation should be carried out insofar as possible in a dust-free atmosphere. Chips should becollected from clean metal and tools should be clean and sharp. Samples for analysis should be stored in suitable conta
42、iners.9.2 The ingot shall be sampled at a minimum of two locations; top and bottom. The top sample shall be within 12 in. (300 mm)of the top face. The bottom sample shall be within 12 in. (300 mm) of the bottom face.10. Significance of Numerical Limits10.1 For purposes of determining compliance with
43、 the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in Table 1 andTable 2, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding method of PracticeE29.B977 133TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsChemical Composition (Weight %)A,B,C,DGrade CmaxOran
44、ge ormaxNmaxHmaxEFerange ormaxAl V Pd Ru Ni Mo Cr Co Zr Nb Sn SiOtherElementsmax, eachOtherElementsmax, total1 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.003 0.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.42 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.43 0.08 0.35 0.05 0.003 0.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.44 0.08 0.40 0.
45、05 0.003 0.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.45 0.08 0.20 0.05 0.003 0.40 5.5-6.75 3.5-4.5 . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.46 0.08 0.20 0.03 0.003 0.50 4.0-6.0 . . . . . . . . . 2.0-3.0 . 0.1 0.47 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . 0.12-0.25 . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.49 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.003 0.25 2.5-3.5 2.0-3.0 .
46、 . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.411 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.003 0.20 . . 0.12-0.25 . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.412 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . . . 0.6-0.9 0.2-0.4 . . . . . . 0.1 0.413 0.08 0.10 0.03 0.003 0.20 . . . 0.04-0.06 0.4-0.6 . . . . . . . 0.1 0.414 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . . 0.04-0.06 0.4-0.6 . . . .
47、 . . . 0.1 0.415 0.08 0.25 0.05 0.003 0.30 . . . 0.04-0.06 0.4-0.6 . . . . . . . 0.1 0.416 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . 0.04-0.08 . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.417 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.003 0.20 . . 0.04-0.08 . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.418 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.003 0.25 2.5-3.5 2.0-3.0 0.04-0.08 . . . . . . . . . 0.1
48、 0.419 0.05 0.12 0.03 0.003 0.30 3.0-4.0 7.5-8.5 . . . 3.5-4.5 5.5-6.5 . 3.5-4.5 . . . 0.15 0.420 0.05 0.12 0.03 0.003 0.30 3.0-4.0 7.5-8.5 0.04-0.08 . . 3.5-4.5 5.5-6.5 . 3.5-4.5 . . . 0.15 0.421 0.05 0.17 0.03 0.003 0.40 2.5-3.5 . . . . 14.0-16.0 . . . 2.2-3.2 . 0.15-0.25 0.1 0.423 0.08 0.13 0.03
49、0.003 0.25 5.5-6.5 3.5-4.5 . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.424 0.08 0.20 0.05 0.003 0.40 5.5-6.75 3.5-4.5 0.04-0.08 . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.425 0.08 0.20 0.05 0.003 0.40 5.5-6.75 3.5-4.5 0.04-0.08 . 0.3-0.8 . . . . . . . 0.1 0.426 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . . 0.08-0.14 . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.427 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.003 0.20 . . . 0.08-0.14 . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.428 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.003 0.25 2.5-3.5 2.0-3.0 . 0.08-0.14 . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.429 0.08 0.13 0.03 0.003 0.25 5.5-6.5 3.5-4.5 . 0.08-0.14 . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.430 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30
