1、Designation: C10/C10M 14Standard Specification forNatural Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C10/C10M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indic
2、ates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers natural cement and quick-setting natural cement.NOTE 1Examples of typical past uses of natural cement include unitmasonry mortar, cemen
3、t plaster, grout, whitewash, and concrete.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two
4、systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard. Values in SI units or inch-pound units shallbe obtained by measurement in SI units or inch-pound unitsor by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversionand Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurementsmade in other units or SI un
5、its. Values are stated in only SIunits when inch-pound units are not used in practice.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standar
6、d.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC150 Specification for Portland CementC151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydr
7、aulicCementC183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Nor-mal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement PasteC188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC191 Test Methods
8、 for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cementby Vicat NeedleC204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC465 Specification for Pr
9、ocessing Additions for Use in theManufacture of Hydraulic CementsC688 Specification for Functional Additions for Use inHydraulic CementsC778 Specification for SandC786 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement andRaw Materials by the 300-m (No. 50), 150-m (No.100), and 75-m (No. 200) Sieves by We
10、t MethodsIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms related to this specification, seeTerminology C219.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following
11、:4.1.1 This specification number and date, and4.1.2 Optional physical requirements as given in 7.2.5. Additions5.1 The cement covered by this specification shall containno addition except as follows:5.1.1 Water, or calcium sulfate, or both.5.1.2 Processing additions used in the manufacture of thecem
12、ent shall have been shown to meet the requirements ofSpecification C465 in the amounts used or greater.5.1.3 Functional additions shall have been shown to meetthe requirements of Specification C688 when tested with thecement to be used in the amounts used or greater.1This test method is under the ju
13、risdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.10 on Hydraulic Cements forGeneral Concrete Construction.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 1904. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C10/C10M13. DOI:1
14、0.1520/C0010_C0010M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears
15、at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Chemical Requirements6.1 Natural cements shall conform to the standard chemicalrequirements in Table 1.7. Physical Requirements7.1 Natural cements and quick
16、-setting natural cements shallconform to the respective standard physical requirementsprescribed in Table 1.NOTE 2Time of setting requirements for natural cements havechanged over time. Requirements of previous editions of this standard areas follows:1904-1937: Minimum 10 min initial setting, minimu
17、m 30 min finalsetting1937-1954: Minimum 10 min initial setting (Vicat) or 20 min(Gillmore) and maximum 10 h final setting1954-1962: Minimum 10 min and maximum 6 h initial setting (TestMethod C191)1962-1970: Minimum 60 min initial setting and maximum 12 h finalsetting (Gillmore)1970-1976 and 2006-200
18、8: Minimum 30 min initial setting (Vicat)2009: Minimum 30 min initial settingNatural Cement; Minimum10 min initial setting, maximum 30 min initial setting, and minimum 30min final settingQuick Setting Natural Cement7.2 In order to match historic cements, at the option of thepurchaser, the required v
19、alues for % retention on the 300-m(N0. 50), 150-m (No. 100), and 75-m (No. 200) sieves, or ofair permeability fineness shall be agreed at time of placing theorder.NOTE 3If no data on historic cement fineness are available, thepurchaser may wish to consider that previous editions of this specificatio
20、nfrom 1904 to 1976 required minimum values as follows:1954-1976: Minimum 550 m2/kg fineness (air-permeability method)1937-1954: Maximum 15% retained on a 75-m (No. 200) sieve1904-1937: Maximum 10% retained on a 150-m (No. 100) sieve,maximum 30 % retained on a 75-m (No. 200) sieve8. Acceptance and Re
21、jection8.1 Natural cement meets the strength requirements of thisstandard if the 7-day strength exceeds the minimum in Table 1.The cement also meets the strength requirements of thisstandard if the cement fails the 7-day strength minimum, butexceeds the 28-day strength minimum in Table 1.8.2 If the
22、cement fails an initial test for autoclave expansion,it meets the requirements of this standard if it passes on asecond and third series of test specimens.8.3 The cement shall be rejected if it fails to meet any of therequirements of this specification, subject to the provisions of8.1 and 8.2.8.4 Re
23、-test cement remaining in storage for a period longerthan six months after initial test. Reject it if it fails to meet anyof the requirements of this specification at that time.8.5 Tentative or provisional acceptance of the cement shallnot deprive the purchaser of the right of rejection in the event
24、final tests or retests fail to meet applicable requirements.8.6 At the option of the purchaser, packages more than 2 %below the mass marked thereon shall be rejected and if theaverage mass of packages in any shipment, as shown bydetermining the mass of 50 packages selected at random, is lessthan tha
25、t marked on the packages, the entire shipment shall berejected.9. Packaging and Package Marking9.1 When the cement is delivered in packages, the words“Natural Cement,” or “Quick-Setting Natural Cement,” asappropriate, the name and brand of the manufacturer, and themass of the cement contained therei
26、n, shall be plainly indicatedon each package. Similar information shall be provided in theshipping documents accompanying the shipment of packagedor bulk cement. All packages shall be in good condition at thetime of inspection.TABLE 1 Standard RequirementsApplicable Test Methods Requirements:Natural
27、 CementRequirements:Quick-Setting Natural CementChemical RequirementsLoss on ignition, max, %: C114 12 12Insoluble residue, min, %: C114 22Sulfur trioxide (SO3), max, %: C114 3.0 3.0Physical RequirementsAutoclave length change, max, %: C151, as modified in 10.1.4 0.80 0.80Fineness, m2/kg or % retain
28、ed: C204 or C786AATime of setting, Vicat test: C191Initial Setting Time in minutes, notless than30 10Initial Setting Time in minutes, notmore than. 30Air content of mortarB, volume %: C185max 12 12Compressive strength, min, MPa psi: C109/C109M, as modified in 10.1.77 days 3.5 510 3.5 51028 days 7.0
29、1020 7.0 1020AThe fineness shall be chosen at the option of the purchaser as per 7.2.BCompliance with the requirements of this specification does not necessarily ensure that the desired air content will be obtained in concrete.C10/C10M 1429.2 When the cement contains a functional addition the typeof
30、 functional addition shall be plainly marked on each package.Similar information shall be provided in the shipping docu-ments accompanying the shipment of packaged or bulk ce-ment.10. Test Methods10.1 Sample the cement and determine the properties enu-merated in this specification in accordance with
31、 the followingASTM methods:10.1.1 SamplingPractice C183.10.1.2 Chemical AnalysisTest Methods C114.10.1.3 FinenessOne of the following test methods shall beused:10.1.3.1 Test Method C204. In this fineness determination,the specific gravity of natural cement shall be considered to be2.90. Tests shall
32、be made at a porosity of 0.530 6 0.005. Incase of dispute, the true specific gravity used shall be asdetermined in accordance with Test Method C188.10.1.3.2 Test Method C786.10.1.4 Autoclave ExpansionTest Method C151 with thefollowing modification:10.1.4.1 The cement used in preparing the test speci
33、mensshall be a blend of 75 weight percent of the natural cement tobe tested with 25 weight percent of portland cement conform-ing to the requirements of Type II cement in SpecificationC150.10.1.4.2 The natural cement and the portland cement shallbe dry mixed to a uniform blend before water is added.
34、10.1.5 Time of SettingTest Method C191.10.1.6 Air Content of MortarTest Method C185. In thisair content determination, the specific gravity of natural cementshall be considered to be 2.90. In case of dispute, the truespecific gravity used shall be as determined in accordance withTest Method C188.10.
35、1.7 Compressive StrengthThe compressive strengthshall be determined for mortar cubes prepared as follows:10.1.7.1 The proportions shall be one part of cement to onepart of standard sand by mass. The amount of mixing water isbased on the amount of water required to produce a neatcement paste of norma
36、l consistency from the same sample ofcement according to Test Method C187. Calculate the percent-age of water required as follows:y 5P316.5where:y = water required for the mortar as a percentage of thecombined mass of cement and sand, andP = water needed for normal consistency, percent by mass ofcem
37、ent.10.1.7.2 The standard sand shall be 20-30 sand conformingto Specification C778.10.1.7.3 The mortar shall be mixed in accordance withPractice C305. The quantities of materials to be mixed at onetime in the batch of mortar for making six and nine testspecimens shall be as follows:Number of Specime
38、ns69Cement, g 900 1335Sand, g 900 1335Water, mL 18y 26.7y10.1.7.4 The 2-in. 50-mm cube specimens shall be moldedand tested in accordance with Test Method C109/C109M.11. Keywords11.1 hydraulic cement; natural cement; specificationSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C01 has identified the location of selected
39、 changes to this specification since the last issue,C10/C10M13, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved January 1, 2014)(1) Added Specification C688 to Section 2.1.(2) Added 5.1.3.(3) Added 9.2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserte
40、d in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by th
41、e responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
42、careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internat
43、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C10/C10M 143
