1、Designation: C1012/C1012M 18C1012/C1012M 18aStandard Test Method forLength Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to aSulfate Solution1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1012/C1012M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of length change of mortar bars immersed
3、in a sulfate solution. Mortar bars madeusing mortar described in Test Method C109/C109M are cured until they attain a compressive strength of 20.0 6 1.0 MPa 30006 150 psi, as measured using cubes made of the same mortar, before the bars are immersed.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-p
4、ound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conf
5、ormance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory
6、limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization
7、 Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic CementC150 Specification for Portland CementC1
8、57/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC215 Test Method for Fundamental Transverse, Longitudinal, and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of Concrete SpecimensC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC
9、348 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement MortarsC349 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars (Using Portions of Prisms Broken in Flexure)C452 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland-Cement Mortars Exposed to SulfateC490 Practice for Use of Apparatus
10、for the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and ConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of HydraulicCements and ConcretesC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC597 Test Method for Pul
11、se Velocity Through ConcreteC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC778 Specification for Standard SandC917 Test Method for Evaluation of Variability of Cement from a Single Source Based on StrengthC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Con
12、crete and MortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.29 o
13、n Sulfate Resistance.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018Feb. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20152018 asC1012/C1012M 15.C1012/C1012M 18. DOI: 10.1520/C1012_C1012M-18.10.1520/C1012_C1012M-18A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theA
14、STM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an i
15、ndication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to b
16、e considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practic
17、e for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 American Concrete Institute Reports:ACI C201-2R-01 Guide to Durable Concrete33. Significance and Use3.1 This test method provides a means of assessing the sulfate resistance of mortars made using portland cement
18、, blends ofportland cement with pozzolans or slags, and blended hydraulic cements. Test Method C452 is suitable for evaluating portlandcements but not blended cements or blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags.3.2 The standard exposure solution used in this test method, unless otherwise di
19、rected, contains 352 moles of Na2SO4 per m3(50 g/L). Other sulfate concentrations or other sulfates such as MgSO4 may be used to simulate the environmental exposure ofinterest. Further discussion of these and other technical issues is given in the Appendix.4. Apparatus4.1 Mixer, conforming to the re
20、quirements of Practice C305.4.2 Cube Molds, conforming to the requirements of Test Method C109/C109M.4.3 Bar Molds, conforming to the requirements of Specification C490.4.4 Comparator, conforming to the requirements of Specification C490.4.5 ContainersThe containers in which the bars are immersed in
21、 the sulfate solution shall be corrosion resistant such asplastic, glass, or ceramic. Support the bars so that no end or side of a bar rests against the container. Seal the container with a lidso that the sulfate solution cannot evaporate.4.6 Initial Curing ContainerThe container and the risers in w
22、hich the specimens are to be cured shall be corrosion and heatresistant such as plastic, glass, or ceramic. The container shall be of a size that permits the storage of the specimens, so that noend or side of a bar or cube rests against the container. The lid on the container shall be air tight, so
23、that the water cannot evaporate.More than one container may be required for the initial curing of a complete set of bars and cube specimens.4.7 OvenA convection oven with temperature control maintaining 35 6 3C (95 6 5F).5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Purity of ReagentsUSP or technical grade chemicals
24、 may be used, provided it is established that any reagent used is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination. When tests are made that are expectedto produce results that are close to an acceptance-rejection value, it is recommended that reagent
25、grade chemicals be used. Suchchemicals shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents for the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are available.45.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water co
26、nforming toType IV of Specification D1193.5.3 Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4)Check the water content by loss on ignition each time the solution is prepared. Any anhydrousor hydrated sodium sulfate may be used if the water content of the salt is checked by loss on ignition and proper corrections madeto accou
27、nt for the specified sulfate concentration.5.4 Sulfate SolutionEach litre of solution shall contain 50.0 g of Na2SO4 dissolved in 900 mL of water, and shall be dilutedwith additional distilled or deionized water to obtain 1.0 L of solution. Mix the solution on the day before use, cover, and storeat
28、23.0 6 2.0C 73.5 6 3.5F. Determine the pH of the solution before use; reject the solution if the pH range is outside 6.0 to8.0. Maintain the volume proportion of sulfate solution to mortar bars in a storage container at 4.0 6 0.5 volumes of solution to1 volume of mortar bars. For mortar bars 1 by 1
29、by 1114 in. (volume of 184 mL 11.25 in.3), this is 645 to 830 mL of solutionper mortar bar in the storage container. For mortar bars 25 by 25 by 285 mm (volume 178 mL), this is 625 to 800 mL of solutionper mortar bar in the storage container.5.5 Materials:5.5.1 Graded Standard Sand, as specified in
30、Specification C778.5.5.2 Stainless Steel Gauge Studs, as specified in Specification C490.3 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.4 Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American Chemical Societ
31、y, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and NationalFormulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.
32、C1012/C1012M 18a26. Hazards6.1 WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue uponprolonged exposure.57. Preparing Mortars7.1 Make mortars as described in Test Method C109/C109M, that is, 1 part cement to 2.75 parts of sand by mass. Use awate
33、r-cement ratio by mass of 0.485 for all non-air-entraining portland cements and 0.460 for all air-entraining portland cements.Use a water-cement ratio by mass of 0.485 for non-air-entrainingASTM C595 orASTM C1157 cements. For mixtures of portlandcement with a pozzolan or slag, use a water-cement rat
34、io that develops a flow within 65 of that of the portland-cement mortarat a water-cement ratio of 0.485.8. Specimen Molds and Initial Curing Container8.1 Prepare the specimen molds in accordance with the requirements of Specification C490 except the interior surfaces of themold shall be covered with
35、 a release agent. A release agent will be acceptable if it serves as a parting agent without affecting thesetting of the cement and without leaving any residue that will inhibit the penetration of water into the specimen.NOTE 1TFE-fluorocarbon tape complies with the requirements for a mold release a
36、gent.8.2 Prepare Curing Container:8.2.1 Prior to molding the test specimen, prepare the initial curing container by placing risers on the bottom of the containerto elevate molds above the intended water level. Fill the container with preheated water at 35 6 3C (95 6 5F), making sure thatthe water do
37、es not exceed the top of the risers.9. Procedure9.1 Molding and Initial Curing of SpecimensMold the test bars in accordance withTest Method C157/C157M. Mold the cubesin accordance with Test Method C109/C109M. A set of specimens to test one cementitious product consists of 6 bars and up to21 cubes (N
38、ote 2). Immediately after molding cover the molds with a rigid steel, glass, or plastic plate, and place the mold in thecuring container on top of the risers. Cover the container with a lid and seal the lid so as to prevent evaporation and place thecontainer into an oven at 3563C (9565F) for 2312 h6
39、30 min.At 2312 h630 min, remove molds from container and demoldthe specimens.NOTE 2The set of cubes consists of 21 cubes to be tested as described herein when significant information on the strength development rate is notavailable. When information is available (as for example, from the use of the
40、procedures of Test Method C917) that would justify making fewer cubes,only those needed to confirm the time the mortar achieves 20.0 6 1.0 MPa 3000 6 150 psi are needed.9.2 Subsequent Curing and Preparation for TestAfter demolding, store all bars and cubes, except the two to be tested, in acuring ta
41、nk of saturated limewater at 23.0 6 2.0C 73.5 6 3.5F. Test two cubes in compression in accordance with Test MethodC109/C109M after demolding when the specimens have cooled to ambient temperature under moist cloths. If the mean strengthof the two cubes is 20 MPa 2850 psi or more, observe and record c
42、omparator readings in accordance with Specification C490and as prescribed in the section on Measurements of Length Change and place all the bars in the sulfate solution. If 20 MPa 2850psi is not achieved, store the demolded cubes and mortar bars in the curing tank and test additional cubes (see Note
43、 3). Predictfrom the first two cubes when a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa 2850 psi will be reached. Verify the prediction, and atthat time observe and record comparator readings and place all the bars in the sulfate solution (Note 3). This measurement isdesignated as the initial length. Th
44、e storage temperature and test temperature shall be 23.0 6 2.0C 73.5 6 3.5F.NOTE 3If the value for strength at 24 h is less than 20.0 MPa 2850 psi and additional testing on the same day is not possible, or, is unlikely to yielda value over 20.0 MPa 2850 psi and the strength is over 21 MPa 3150 psi w
45、hen tested early the next day, it is not necessary to remake the batch. Ifthe two cubes do not meet the required strength, continue curing the cubes and bars as referenced in 9.2. in a curing tank of saturated limewater at 23.06 2.0C 73.5 6 3.5F9.3 Storage of Test Bars during Exposure to Test Soluti
46、onCover the container of the bars and test solution, and seal it toprevent evaporation from the inside, or dilution with water from the outside. (See Note 4.) The storage temperature and testtemperature shall be 23.0 6 2.0C 73.5 6 3.5F. (See Note 5.)NOTE 4Gaffers tape or duct tape has been found to
47、be suitable for sealing the container.NOTE 5This is the same temperature and temperature range as that specified for moist rooms in Specification C511.9.4 Measurements of Length ChangeAt 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 13, and 15 weeks after the bars are placed in the sulfate solution, testthem for length change usi
48、ng the length comparator in accordance with Specification C490. Review the data at 15 weeks. Makethe subsequent measurements at 4, 6, 9, and 12 months. If at any time the rate of change between readings is great, insert otherreadings as needed to ensure the intervals are short enough to permit obser
49、ving and reporting the behavior of the bars. Ifcompliance with ACI C201-2R-01 Class 3 exposure is required, measure the bars at 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months (Note 6).5 See Manual of Cement Testing, Section on Safety, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.C1012/C1012M 18a3NOTE 6ACI C201-2R-01 requires an 18-month limit for Class 3 exposure.9.4.1 Details of Measurement of Bars for Length Change:9.4.1.1 Clean the hole in the base of the comparator into which the gauge stud on the lower end of the bar fits (t
