1、Designation: C 1066 97 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Specification forNuclear Grade Zirconium Oxide Pellets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1066; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification applies to pellets of stabilized zirco-nium oxide used in nuclear reactors.1.2 The values stated in SI un
3、its are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure-ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite ArticlesC 859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear MaterialsC 1065 Spe
4、cification for Nuclear Grade Zirconium OxidePowderE 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials2.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI/ASME NQA-1 Quality Assurance Program Require-ments for Nuclear Facility Applications32.3 U.S. Government Document:Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 50Energy (10CFR 5
5、0) Domestic Licensing of Production and Utiliza-tion Facilities43. Terminology3.1 Terms shall be defined in accordance with TerminologyC 859, except for the following:3.1.1 buyerthe organization issuing the purchase order.3.1.2 pelleta fabricated geometric shape of zirconiumox-ide having a chemical
6、composition as described in Section 4.3.1.3 pellet lotthe pellets produced from one zirconiumoxide powder lot using one set of process parameters. Pellet lotsize shall be agreed upon between the seller and the buyer.3.1.4 phase transformationthe rearrangement of theatomic ordering of a crystalline l
7、attice as a material is cycledthrough a critical transformation or inversion temperature. Thechange from one crystalline phase to another may be accom-panied by a volume change that could lead to cracks or defectsin articles fabricated from such materials.3.1.5 powder lota specified quantity of zirc
8、onium-oxidepowder with stabilizing additive, blended together such thatsamples taken in accordance with Section 7 can be consideredas representative of the entire quantity.3.1.6 sellerthe zirconium oxide pellet supplier.3.1.7 stabilizing additiveA material which, when presentin sufficient concentrat
9、ion in the subject material exhibiting thephase transformation, produces a stabilized crystalline phasethat does not undergo a transformation or inversion at anytemperature within the expected fabrication or usage regime ofthe manufactured pellet. The potentially deleterious volumechange is therefor
10、e avoided.4. Chemical Composition4.1 The starting zirconium oxide powder shall be in accor-dance with Specification C 1065.4.2 A stabilizing additive shall be used with the zirconiumoxide. The recommended stabilizing additive is either calciumoxide (CaO) or yttrium oxide (Y2O3). The recommendedaddit
11、ive concentration in the case of CaO stabilization is 4 to8 weight %. In the case of Y2O3stabilization, the recom-mended additive concentration is 14 to 20 weight %.4.3 Use analytical chemistry methods as agreed upon be-tween the buyer and seller.4.4 The impurity concentration excluding the stabiliz
12、ingadditives, shall not exceed 0.5 weight %. Individual elementlimits are specified in Table 1. The buyer may specify addi-tional limits for any other elements not listed in Table 1.4.5 The moisture concentration is included in the totalhydrogen limit (see Table 1).5. Physical Requirements5.1 Physic
13、al Dimensions:5.1.1 Dimensional requirements shall be in accordance withapplicable drawings and purchase order documents.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 onNuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C 26.03 onNeutron Absorber Materials Spec
14、ifications.Current edition approved May 10, 1997. Published May 1998. Originallypublished as C 1066 86. Last previous edition C 1066 86.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Sevice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume info
15、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
16、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.2 Pellet dimensions shall be measured to ensure com-pliance with the buyers requirements. Sampling plans to meetthe acceptance criteria shall be agreed upon between the buyerand the seller to ensure that the pellets represented by thesam
17、ple are within the required tolerance.5.2 Density:5.2.1 Pellet density limits shall be specified by the buyer.The incorporation of a stabilizing additive will introduce achange in the theoretical density of the fabricated pellets andshould be taken into account. The method of establishing thetheoret
18、ical density value shall be agreed upon by the buyer andseller.5.2.2 The method of density measurement shall be TestMethod C 559 or an alternative method submitted by the sellerfor approval by the buyer. Sampling plans to meet theacceptance criteria shall be agreed upon between the buyer andthe sell
19、er. The method of density measurement and the methodof compliance with 5.2.1 shall be submitted by the seller to thebuyer for approval.5.3 Mechanical PropertiesRequired mechanical proper-ties and test methods shall be mutually agreed upon betweenthe buyer and the seller. A compressive test at 69 MPa
20、 (10 000psi) to ensure pellet integrity is recommended as a suitable testif the pellet is not to be subjected to service temperatures above1100C (2012F). At higher temperatures, a thermal cyclingtest as given in Appendix X1 followed by a compressive testmay be agreed upon between buyer and seller; o
21、r alternately, apowder X-ray diffraction pattern may be used to determine thatthe material has been stabilized in the correct crystalline phase.5.4 Visual AppearanceVisual examination shall be con-ducted on finished pellets in accordance with Section 7 onSampling. The seller and the buyer shall agre
22、e on visualstandards as representing the requirements of 5.4.1, 5.4.2, and5.4.3. These standards shall be used as acceptance standards forthe visual examination of the pellets. In the event of a dispute,the method of defect measurement shall be submitted by theseller for approval by the buyer. Maxim
23、um permissible defectsare defined as follows:5.4.1 End ChipsPellet end surface shall not be chippedbeyond 10 % of the end-face surface area, and no chip shallexceed 1.02 mm (0.040 in.) in depth.5.4.2 Circumferential ChipsPellet circumferential sur-faces shall not be chipped beyond 5 % of the circumf
24、erentialsurface area. No single chip shall exceed a depth of 1.02 mm(0.040 in.).5.4.3 CracksCracks not exceeding 90 of circumferencein length are acceptable provided other requirements of thespecifications are met.5.4.4 Fissures and other defects shall be evaluated withrespect to the criteria of 5.4
25、.1, 5.4.2, and 5.4.3.6. Cleanliness6.1 The finished pellets shall be handled in a manner toavoid contamination by grinding fluids and dust, cleaningagents, and organic materials such as plastics and paper used inpackaging. Cleaning solutions, if used, shall be free of halidesor nonvolatile additives
26、 and shall be removed from the pelletsprior to sampling and packaging.7. Sampling7.1 Sampling plans to meet the acceptance criteria andinspection and measurement procedures that describe themethod of compliance with this specification shall be approvedby the buyer. The degree of sampling varies with
27、 the applica-tion and for this reason should be specified on the purchaseorder. Practice E 105 is referenced as a guide.7.2 Each powder and pellet sample taken shall be sufficientto perform the following in the event they are necessary ordesired by the buyer:7.2.1 Quality verification tests,7.2.2 Ac
28、ceptance tests,7.2.3 Referee tests in the event these become necessary, and7.2.4 Retention of archive sample by the seller.7.3 Archive samples shall be retained by the seller for aperiod of time specified by the buyer and delivered to the buyerupon request.8. Inspection and Certification8.1 The sell
29、er shall inspect the material covered by thisspecification and shall furnish the buyer with certificates of testshowing the results of testing and inspection performed oneach pellet lot prior to shipment. The seller shall certify thateach pellet lot is in compliance with the provisions of thisspecif
30、ication.9. Rejection9.1 Unless the buyer and seller agree otherwise, rejectionand acceptance shall be on a pellet lot basis.9.2 Pellet lots that fail to conform to the requirements of thisspecification may be rejected by the buyer. The seller maypetition the buyer to waive selected requirements for
31、identifiedout-of-specification lots. The decision to grant such waiverbelongs to the buyer. The seller may also apply any remedy tobring rejected lots into specification providing he can demon-strate to the buyer that such remedy does not impair thefunction or preclude the certification of the rejec
32、ted material.9.3 In the event of disagreement over the results of analysis,samples shall be submitted to a mutually selected referee forresolution.TABLE 1 Impurity Concentration LimitsElementMaximum ConcentrationLimit (g/g pellet)Hf 200B 100Gd 50Gd+Sm+Eu+Dy 200Co 100Si 2000Fe 1000CaA3000Mg 1200Al 15
33、00Ti 100Th 400F30F+Cl+Br+I 100H (total hydrogen from all sources) 2AThis number will be higher if used as a stabilizing addition.C 1066 97 (2004)210. Packaging and Shipping10.1 The pellets shall be packaged in sealed containers toprevent loss or damage, or both, of material and contaminationfrom air
34、borne or container materials. The exact size and type ofpackaging shall be as mutually agreed upon between the buyerand seller.10.2 Each container shall be clearly marked with the fol-lowing:10.2.1 Zirconium oxide pellets plus stabilizing additive,10.2.2 Purchase order number,10.2.3 Gross, tare, and
35、 net weights,10.2.4 Lot number, and10.2.5 Name of pellet manufacturer.11. Quality Assurance11.1 Quality assurance requirements shall be agreed uponbetween the buyer and seller when specified in the purchaseorder. Title 10 CFR, Part 50, Appendix B and ANSI/ASMENQA-1 are referenced as guides.12. Keywo
36、rds12.1 CaO; stabilizer; stabilizing additive; thermal cyclingtest; Y2O3; zirconium oxideAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. THERMAL CYCLING TESTX1.1 The following thermal cycle is recommended as aguide to determine the thermal stability of zirconium-oxidepellets.X1.1.1 Heat the pellets in air to
37、1100 6 25C (2012 677F) at a heating rate of at least 100C/h (212F/h).X1.1.2 Hold at 1100 6 25C (2012 6 77F) for at least1h.X1.1.3 Cool to 500C (932F) at a cooling rate of at least100C/h (212F/h).X1.1.4 Repeat steps X1.1.1-X1.1.3 two additional times.X1.1.5 Cool to room temperature and remove for mec
38、hani-cal testing.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of
39、 such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for a
40、dditional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to
41、 the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 1066 97 (2004)3
