1、Designation: C1066 09 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification forNuclear Grade Zirconium Oxide Pellets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1066; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification applies to pellets of stabilized zirco-nium oxide used in nuclear reactors.1.2 The values stated in SI units
3、 are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure-ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite ArticlesC859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear MaterialsC1065 Specifica
4、tion for Nuclear-Grade Zirconium OxidePowderE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials2.2 ANSI Standard:3ANSI/ASME NQA-1 Quality Assurance Program Require-ments for Nuclear Facility Applications2.3 U.S. Government Document:4Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 50Energy (10CFR 50) Dom
5、estic Licensing of Production and Utiliza-tion Facilities3. Terminology3.1 Terms shall be defined in accordance with TerminologyC859, except for the following:3.2 buyerthe organization issuing the purchase order.3.3 pelleta fabricated geometric shape of zirconiumoxidehaving a chemical composition as
6、 described in Section 4.3.4 pellet lotthe pellets produced from one zirconiumoxide powder lot using one set of process parameters. Pellet lotsize shall be agreed upon between the seller and the buyer.3.5 phase transformationthe rearrangement of the atomicordering of a crystalline lattice as a materi
7、al is cycled througha critical transformation or inversion temperature. The changefrom one crystalline phase to another may be accompanied bya volume change that could lead to cracks or defects in articlesfabricated from such materials.3.6 powder lota specified quantity of zirconium-oxidepowder with
8、 stabilizing additive, blended together such thatsamples taken in accordance with Section 7 can be consideredas representative of the entire quantity.3.7 sellerthe zirconium oxide pellet supplier.3.8 stabilizing additiveA material which, when present insufficient concentration in the subject materia
9、l exhibiting thephase transformation, produces a stabilized crystalline phasethat does not undergo a transformation or inversion at anytemperature within the expected fabrication or usage regime ofthe manufactured pellet. The potentially deleterious volumechange is therefore avoided.4. Chemical Comp
10、osition4.1 The starting zirconium oxide powder shall be in accor-dance with Specification C1065.4.2 A stabilizing additive shall be used with the zirconiumoxide. The recommended stabilizing additive is either calciumoxide (CaO) or yttrium oxide (Y2O3). The recommendedadditive concentration in the ca
11、se of CaO stabilization is 4 to8 weight %. In the case of Y2O3stabilization, the recom-mended additive concentration is 14 to 20 weight %.4.3 Use analytical chemistry methods as agreed upon be-tween the buyer and seller.4.4 The impurity concentration excluding the stabilizingadditives, shall not exc
12、eed 0.5 weight %. Individual elementlimits are specified in Table 1. The buyer may specifyadditional limits for any other elements not listed in Table 1.4.5 The moisture concentration is included in the totalhydrogen limit (see Table 1).5. Physical Requirements5.1 Physical Dimensions:1This specifica
13、tion is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 onNuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.03 onNeutron Absorber Materials Specifications.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2
14、009 as C1066 09. DOI:10.1520/C1066-09R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Amer
15、ican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International,
16、100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.1.1 Dimensional requirements shall be in accordance withapplicable drawings and purchase order documents.5.1.2 Pellet dimensions shall be measured to ensure com-pliance with the buyers requirements. Sampling plans
17、to meetthe acceptance criteria shall be agreed upon between the buyerand the seller to ensure that the pellets represented by thesample are within the required tolerance.5.2 Density:5.2.1 Pellet density limits shall be specified by the buyer.The incorporation of a stabilizing additive will introduce
18、 achange in the theoretical density of the fabricated pellets andshould be taken into account. The method of establishing thetheoretical density value shall be agreed upon by the buyer andseller.5.2.2 The method of density measurement shall be TestMethod C559 or an alternative method submitted by th
19、e sellerfor approval by the buyer. Sampling plans to meet theacceptance criteria shall be agreed upon between the buyer andthe seller. The method of density measurement and the methodof compliance with 5.2.1 shall be approved by the buyer priorto use.5.3 Mechanical PropertiesRequired mechanical prop
20、er-ties and test methods shall be mutually agreed upon betweenthe buyer and the seller. A compression test at 69 MPa (10 000psi) to ensure pellet integrity is recommended as a suitable testif the pellet is not to be subjected to service temperatures above1100C (2012F). At higher temperatures, a ther
21、mal cyclingtest as given in Appendix X1 followed by a compressive testmay be agreed upon between buyer and seller; or alternately, apowder X-ray diffraction pattern may be used to determine thatthe material has been stabilized in the correct crystalline phase.5.4 Visual AppearanceVisual examination
22、shall be con-ducted on finished pellets in accordance with Section 7 onSampling. The seller and the buyer shall agree on visualstandards as representing the requirements of 5.4.1, 5.4.2, and5.4.3. These standards shall be used as acceptance standards forthe visual examination of the pellets. In the
23、event of a dispute,the method of defect measurement shall be approved by thebuyer prior to use. Maximum permissible defects are defined asfollows:5.4.1 End ChipsPellet end surface shall not be chippedbeyond 10 % of the end-face surface area, and no chip shallexceed 1.02 mm (0.040 in.) in depth.5.4.2
24、 Circumferential ChipsPellet circumferential sur-faces shall not be chipped beyond 5 % of the circumferentialsurface area. No single chip shall exceed a depth of 1.02 mm(0.040 in.).5.4.3 CracksCracks are acceptable, providing the totallength of all cracks does not exceed 90 degrees ofcircumference,
25、and other requirements of the specification aremet.5.4.4 Fissures and other defects shall be evaluated withrespect to the criteria of 5.4.1, 5.4.2, and 5.4.3.6. Cleanliness6.1 The finished pellets shall be handled in a manner toavoid contamination by grinding fluids and dust, cleaningagents, and org
26、anic materials such as plastics and paper used inpackaging. Cleaning solutions, if used, shall be free of halidesor nonvolatile additives and shall be removed from the pelletsprior to sampling and packaging.7. Sampling7.1 Sampling plans to meet the acceptance criteria andinspection and measurement p
27、rocedures that describe themethod of compliance with this specification shall be approvedby the buyer. The degree of sampling varies with the applica-tion and for this reason should be specified on the purchaseorder. Practice E105 is referenced as a guide.7.2 Powder and pellet samples shall be taken
28、 for qualityverification tests, acceptance tests, referee tests and archivesamples, as needed.7.3 Archive samples shall be retained and disposed of inaccordance with the buyers instructions.8. Inspection and Certification8.1 The seller shall inspect the material covered by thisspecification and shal
29、l furnish the buyer with certificates of testshowing the results of testing and inspection performed oneach pellet lot prior to shipment. The seller shall certify thateach pellet lot is in compliance with the provisions of thisspecification.9. Rejection9.1 Unless the buyer and seller agree otherwise
30、, rejectionand acceptance shall be on a pellet lot basis.9.2 Pellet lots that fail to conform to the requirements of thisspecification may be rejected by the buyer. The seller maypetition the buyer to waive selected requirements for identifiedout-of-specification lots. The decision to grant such wai
31、verbelongs to the buyer. The seller may also apply any remedy tobring rejected lots into specification providing he can demon-strate to the buyer that such remedy does not impair thefunction or preclude the certification of the rejected material.9.3 In the event of disagreement over the results of a
32、nalysis,samples shall be submitted to a mutually selected referee forresolution.TABLE 1 Impurity Concentration LimitsElementMaximum ConcentrationLimit (g/g pellet)Hf 200B 100Gd 50Gd+Sm+Eu+Dy 200Co 100Si 2000Fe 1000CaA3000Mg 1200Al 1500Ti 100Th 400F30F+Cl+Br+I 100H (total hydrogen from all sources) 2
33、AThis number will be higher if used as a stabilizing addition.C1066 09 (2015)210. Packaging and Shipping10.1 The pellets shall be packaged in sealed containers toprevent loss or damage, or both, of material and contaminationfrom airborne or container materials. The exact size and type ofpackaging sh
34、all be as mutually agreed upon between the buyerand seller.10.2 Each container shall be clearly marked with the fol-lowing:10.2.1 Zirconium oxide pellets plus stabilizing additive,10.2.2 Purchase order number,10.2.3 Gross, tare, and net weights,10.2.4 Lot number, and10.2.5 Name of pellet manufacture
35、r.11. Quality Assurance11.1 Quality assurance requirements shall be agreed uponbetween the buyer and seller when specified in the purchaseorder. Title 10 CFR, Part 50, Appendix B and ANSI/ASMENQA-1 are referenced as guides.12. Keywords12.1 CaO; stabilizer; stabilizing additive; thermal cyclingtest;
36、Y2O3; zirconium oxideAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. THERMAL CYCLING TESTX1.1 The following thermal cycle is recommended as aguide to determine the thermal stability of zirconium-oxidepellets.X1.1.1 Heat the pellets in air to 1100 6 25C (2012 677F) at a heating rate of at least 100C/h (212F/h)
37、.X1.1.2 Hold at 1100 6 25C (2012 6 77F) for at least1h.X1.1.3 Cool to 500C (932F) at a cooling rate of at least100C/h (212F/h).X1.1.4 Repeat steps X1.1.1 X1.1.3 two additional times.X1.1.5 Cool to room temperature and remove for mechani-cal testing.ASTM International takes no position respecting the
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40、dquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This st
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