1、Designation: C 1081 98 (Reapproved 2003)e1Standard Specification forAsbestos-Cement Corrugated Fill For Use in CoolingTowers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1081; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEAsbestos warning was moved from 8.1.3 to 1.4 in September 2004.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers splash b
3、ar and corrugatedsheet type asbestos-cement products used as cooling tower fill.1.2 Drift eliminators or demisters, louvers, partitioning andcasing panels are covered in Specifications C 1080. Asbestos-cement pipes are covered in Specification C 296 and Specifi-cations C 428. Asbestos-cement flat sh
4、eet fill (heat exchangesurfaces) are specified in Specification C 1082.1.3 The values stated in the SI system are to be regarded asthe standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demon
5、strated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on P
6、reventive and ControlMeasures.”21.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to theTest Method portion, Section 8, of this Specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard
7、to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use. See 1.4 for a specific safety hazard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 150 Specification for Portland CementC 296 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Pressure PipeC 4
8、28 Specifications for Asbestos-Cement NonpressureSewer PipeC 458 Test Method for Organic Fiber Content of Asbestos-Cement ProductsC 459 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Asbestos-Cement Flat Sheets, Roofing and Siding Shingles, andClapboardsC 500 Test Methods for Asbestos-Cement PipeC 1080 Specif
9、ication for Asbestos-Cement Products OtherThan Fill in Cooling TowersC 1082 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Flat Sheet forCooling Tower FillC 1096 Test Method for Determination of Wood Fiber inAsbestos-CementD 2946 Terminology for Asbestos and Asbestos-CementProducts2.2 DIN Standard:DIN 274 Asbest
10、zement-Weilplatten43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions included in TerminologyD 2946 are applicable to this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 autoclaved productProducts that have been treatedin a saturated steam atmosphere at between 689 and 1517 kPa(100
11、 and 220 psi) for at least 8 h, and that contain portlandcement Type I (Specification C 150) together with fine silica inthe ratio of 3:2 that can react to form calcium silicate reactionproducts.3.2.2 pressed productsProducts that are pressed singly orin stacks interlayered with templates, at a mini
12、mum pressure of12 MPa (1740 psi).3.2.3 pitchThe wave length in corrugated products.4. Classification4.1 Splash Bar Classification:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C17.03 onAsbestos-Cement Shee
13、t Products and Accessories.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originallypublished as C 1081 87. Last previous edition C 1081 92 (1997).2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S
14、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Deutsches Institut fr Normunge, Beuth Verlaq GmbH, Aus-lieferung, Post Fach1107, D-1000 Berlin 30, Germany.1Copyright ASTM International, 10
15、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.1 Type ISplash bars consist of corrugated autoclavedpressed asbestos-cement sheets for the most demanding appli-cations that meet the requirements set forth in Table 1.4.1.2 Type IISplash bars consist of corrugated
16、 pressedasbestos-cement sheets for intermediate service that meetrequirements presented in Table 1.4.1.3 Type IIISplash bars are intended for less demandingservice that meet the requirements stated in Table 1.4.2 Corrugated Fill:4.2.1 Type ANon-autoclaved, compressed, corrugatedsheet, with a nominal
17、 thickness of 5 mm (316 in.):Pitch 107 mm (4.2 in.)Average minimum bending moment 556 Nm/m(125 ftlbf/ft)Individual specimen minimum bending moment 471 Nm/m(106 ftlbf/ft)Minimum density 1.6 g/cm3(100 lb/ft3)Maximum water absorption 25 %NOTE 1Calculate bending moment in accordance with DIN 274.5. Orde
18、ring Information5.1 Splash Bars:5.1.1 State the type, dimensions, and quantity required.5.1.2 State what type of certification, if any, is required.5.2 Corrugated Fill:5.2.1 State that Type A is required.5.2.2 State length, width, and quantity of panels required.5.2.3 State what type of certificatio
19、n, if any, is required.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Splash BarsManufacturing and composition require-ments are given in Table 1.6.2 Corrugated FillManufacturing requirements aregiven in 4.2.1.7. Performance Requirements7.1 Splash BarsPerformance requirements are stated inTable 1.7.2 Corrugated Fi
20、llPerformance requirements are statedin 4.2.1.8. Test Methods8.1 Apparent Density:8.1.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofthe mass per unit volume of asbestos-cement products.8.1.2 Significance and Use:8.1.2.1 The apparent density gives an indication of relativeproduct robustness and
21、durability. It is used to evaluate therequirements for dedicated support structures.8.1.3 Hazards: Warningsee 1.4.8.1.4 ProcedureCalculate the apparent density by divid-ing the mass of a specimen dried to constant mass at 110 6 5Cby the volume of the specimen.8.1.5 Precision and Bias:8.1.5.1 Precisi
22、onNo statement is made on the precision ofthis test method since conformance to specific criteria is theonly measure of success specified.8.1.5.2 BiasBias cannot be established on these porousheterogeneous products of variable composition, for lack of areferee test method.8.2 Water AbsorptionIn acco
23、rdance with Test MethodsC 459.8.3 Flexural Strength and Modulus of RuptureIn ac-cordance with Test Methods C 459.8.4 Freeze-Thaw Resistance:8.4.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofthe freeze-thaw resistance of corrugated asbestos-cement fillfor use in cooling towers.8.4.2 Significance
24、 and UseThe freeze-thaw resistance istaken as an indication of resistance to low temperature weath-ering. It is used to estimate product suitability for difficultclimates.8.4.3 HazardsRefer to 1.4.8.4.4 Procedure:TABLE 1 Manufacturing, Composition and Performance Requirements for Splash BarsType No.
25、 I II IIIManufacturing requirements:Autoclaved yes no noPressed yes yes noNominal thickness,316 , mm (in.) 4 (0.17) 4 (0.17) 4 (0.17)38 , mm (in.) 9 (0.35) 9 (0.35) 9 (0.35)Composition requirements:Silica passing through a 149 m sieve (No. 100) yes no noRatio, cement:silica 3:2 . .Mineral diluents n
26、o no noCellulose no no noMaximum organic content in accordance with Test MethodC 458, %0.01 0.01 0.01Cement type; per Specification C 150 I I or V I, II or Vor ISO type 10 20 or 50 10, 20 or 50Performance requirements:Minimum apparent density, g/cm3(lb/ft3) 1.6 (100) 1.6 (100) 1.4 (100)Maximum water
27、 absorption, % 25 25 30Minimum average bending moment, calculated as in DIN 274Nm/m (ft-lbf/ft) 556 (125) 556 (125) 556 (125)Minimum individual specimen bending moment, Nm/m (ft-lbf/ft) 471 (106) 471 (106) 471 (106)Minimum freeze-thaw resistance, cycles 200 100 50Minimum Harkort test, cycles 7 5 3Fr
28、ee lime, in accordance with Test Method C 500, % 1 6 7C 1081 98 (2003)e128.4.4.1 Each cycle shall consist of saturating the specimenby submerging in water at 30 6 2C (86 6 3F) during 2 6 0.2h followed by rapid drainage and freezing to 206 2C (4 63F) during 10 6 0.2 h. The twice-daily cycle then repe
29、atsstarting with the 2 h period of thawing and saturation in waterat 30C.8.4.4.2 The number of freeze-thaw cycles specified must notcause any apparent deterioration. Check for signs of delami-nation by means of a magnifying glass. Inspect the specimensfor the presence of invisible cracks by spraying
30、 isopropylalcohol from a hand spray bottle onto the specimen (hairlinecracks are revealed when the alcohol evaporates from thesurface).8.4.5 Precision and Bias:8.4.5.1 PrecisionNo statement is made on the precision ofthis test method since conformance to specific criteria is theonly measure of succe
31、ss specified.8.4.5.2 BiasBias cannot be established on porous hetero-geneous products of variable composition, for lack of a refereetest method.8.5 Harkort Test:8.5.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofresistance to repeated combined thermal and moisture shocksfor corrugated asbestos-c
32、ement fill for use in cooling towers.8.5.2 Significance and UseThe Harkort test provides anevaluation of the resistance to thermal and moisture fluctua-tions. It is used to estimate the durability of products.8.5.3 HazardsRefer to 1.4.8.5.4 Procedure:8.5.4.1 The specimen is dried in an oven at 100 6
33、 2C (2126 3F) for 2 6 0.2 h before rapidly dunking it in 10 6 0.1 kg(20 6 0.2 lb) of water at 20 6 2C (68 6 3F) for 10 6 0.2min. Then the specimen is examined for signs of deterioration.Check and inspect as in 8.4.4.2. If the specimen does notappear deteriorated, return it to the oven for drying dur
34、ing 246 0.2hat1106 2C (230 6 3F) before dunking again in thesame way.8.5.4.2 Subsequent drying cycles are all of 23 h 45 6 12min duration at the following temperatures:3rd drying 120 6 2C (258 6 3F)4th drying 130 6 2C (266 6 3F)5th drying 140 6 2C (284 6 3F)6th drying 150 6 2C (302 6 3F)7th drying 1
35、60 6 2C (320 6 3F)8.5.4.3 Report the number of cycles sustained withoutdeterioration.8.5.5 Precision and Bias:8.5.5.1 PrecisionNo statement is made on the precision ofthis test method since conformance to specific criteria is theonly measure of success specified.8.5.5.2 BiasBias cannot be establishe
36、d on porous hetero-geneous products of variable composition, for lack of a refereetest method.8.6 Additional Testing InformationAdditional details arepresented in Specifications C 296, C 428, C 1080, C 1082, TestMethods C 458 and C 1096 and in DIN 274.9. Inspection9.1 Inspection of the material shal
37、l be agreed upon by thepurchaser and the supplier as part of the purchase contract.10. Rejection and Rehearing10.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissat
38、isfaction with the results of the tests, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.11. Certification11.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, aproducers or suppliers certification shall be furnished to thepurchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled, testedand insp
39、ected in accordance with this specification and hasbeen found to meet the requirements. When specified in thepurchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall befurnished.11.2 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or orderthe certification of an independent third party indicatin
40、gconformance to the requirements of this specification may beaccepted instead of the manufacturers certification.12. Product Marking12.1 For Type I and II products it is necessary to print oneach piece, in alkali resistant ink, the identification of the type.13. Keywords13.1 asbestos; asbestos-cemen
41、t; cement; cooling tower; cor-rugated; fillASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and
42、the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision
43、 of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shou
44、ldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 1081 98 (2003)e13
