1、Designation: C 1088 07aStandard Specification forThin Veneer Brick Units Made From Clay or Shale1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers thin veneer brick units madefrom clay, shale, fire clay, sand, or mixtures thereof, and firedto incipien
3、t fusion for use in adhered or fastened veneerapplications. Three types of thin veneer brick units in each oftwo grades are covered. In this specification, the term thinveneer brick shall be understood to mean clay masonry unitwith a maximum thickness of 134 in. (44.45 mm).NOTE 1Brick intended for p
4、aving should be specified under Specifi-cation C 902.1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply atthe time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining conform-ance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section5) of t
5、his specification is beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 Brick covered by this specification are manufacturedfrom clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances andsubjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond bet
6、weenthe particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-bility requirements of the specification. (See “firing” and “firedbond” in Terminology C43.)1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The metric equivalents may be approximate.1.5 The text of this specif
7、ication references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C43 Terminology of Structural Clay ProductsC67 Test Methods for
8、 Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC 902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic PavingBrickE 835/E 835M Guide for Modular Coordination of Clayand Concrete Masonry Units3. Grades3.1 Two grades of thin veneer brick units are covered forexposure conditions to weather and are def
9、ined in Table 1 asInterior and Exterior.4. Types4.1 Three types of thin veneer brick units are covered asfollows:4.1.1 Type TBS (Standard)Thin veneer brick for generaluse in masonry.4.1.2 Type TBX (Select)Thin veneer brick for general usein masonry where a higher degree of precision and lowerpermiss
10、ible variation in size than permitted for Type TBS isrequired.4.1.3 Type TBA (Architectural)Thin veneer brick for gen-eral use in masonry selected to produce characteristic architec-tural effects resulting from nonuniformity in size and texture ofthe individual units.4.2 When the type is not specifi
11、ed, the requirements forType TBS will govern.5. Physical Properties5.1 DurabilityThe thin veneer brick shall conform to thephysical requirements in Table 1 for the grade specified. Whenthe grade is not specified, the requirements for Grade Exteriorshall govern. If the water absorption of each unit i
12、s less than8.0 % after submersion in cold water for 24 h, the requirementsfor saturation coefficient shall be waived. If exterior or interiorgrade thin veneer brick are intended for use on interiors only,the requirements for water absorption (5-h boiling) and forsaturation coefficient for interior g
13、rade in Table 1 shall govern.5.2 Freezing and ThawingThe requirements specified in5.1 for water absorption (5-h boiling) and saturation coefficientshall be waived provided a sample of 5 typical exterior gradethin veneer brick, meeting all other requirements, complies1This specification is under the
14、jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 1088 07.2For re
15、ferenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.C
16、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.with the following requirements when subjected to 50 cycles ofthe freezing-and-thawing test:5.2.1 Grade Exterior: Weight Loss RequirementNotgreater than 0.5 % loss in dry weight of any in
17、dividual unit.5.2.2 Grade Exterior: Breakage RequirementNo indi-vidual unit separates into two or more significant pieces.5.2.3 Grade Exterior: Cracking RequirementNo indi-vidual unit develops a crack that exceeds, in length, the leastdimension of the face of the unit.5.3 Low Weathering Index Altern
18、ativeIf the thin brick areintended for use exposed to weather where the weatheringindex is less than 50 (see Fig. 1), and unless otherwisespecified, the requirements given in Table 1 for grade interiorshall apply.NOTE 2The effect of weathering on thin brick is related to theweathering index, which f
19、or any locality is the product of the averageannual number of freezing cycle days and the average annual winterrainfall in inches (millimetres), defined as follows.A freezing cycle day is any day during which the air temperature passeseither above or below 32F (0C). The average number of freezing cy
20、cledays in a year may be taken to equal the difference between the meannumber of days during which the minimum temperature was 32F (0C)or below, and the mean number of days during which the maximumtemperature was 32F (0C) or below.Winter rainfall is the sum in inches (millimetres) of the mean monthl
21、ycorrected precipitation (rainfall) occurring during the period between andincluding the normal date of the first killing frost in the fall and the normaldate of the last killing frost in the spring. The winter rainfall for any periodis equal to the total precipitation less one tenth of the total fa
22、ll of snow,sleet, and hail. Rainfall for a portion of a month is prorated.6. Efflorescence6.1 Brick are not required to be tested for efflorescence tocomply with this specification unless requested by the specifieror purchaser. When the efflorescence test is requested by theTABLE 1 Physical Requirem
23、entsDesignationMaximum WaterAbsorption by 5-hBoiling, %MaximumSaturationCoefficientAAverageof 5 unitsIndividualAverageof 5 unitsIndividualGrade Exterior 17.0 20.0 0.78 0.80Grade Interior 22.0 25.0 0.88 0.90AThe saturation coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24-h submersion in coldwater to that
24、 after 5-h submersion in boiling water.Grade Recommendations for Face ExposuresExposureWeathering Index (Note 2)Lessthan 5050 andgreaterIn vertical surfaces:In contact with earth MW SWNot in contact with earth MW SWIn other than vertical surfaces:In contact with earth SW SWNot in contact with earth
25、MW SWFIG. 1 Weathering Indices in the United StatesC 1088 07a2specifier or purchaser, the brick shall be sampled at the place ofmanufacture, and tested in accordance with Test Methods C67,and a rating for efflorescence shall be “not effloresced.” If therating for efflorescence is “effloresced,” the
26、brick representedby the testing do not meet the efflorescence requirements ofthis specification.7. Material, Finish, and Manufacturer Limitation7.1 Units shall not show surface defects and deficiencies,nor effects of surface treatments including coating in themanufacturing process, that interfere wi
27、th installation of thebrick or significantly impair the performance of the construc-tion.7.2 Colors and textures produced by application of inor-ganic coatings to the faces of the thin veneer brick arepermitted if approved by the purchaser, provided that evidenceis furnished of the durability of the
28、 coatings.7.3 Face or Faces:7.3.1 The face or faces that will be exposed in place shall befree of chips that exceed the limits given in Table 2. Theaggregate length of chips shall not exceed 10 % of theperimeter of the face or faces of the thin veneer brick.7.3.2 The face or faces shall not contain
29、cracks or otherimperfections that detract from the appearance of the desig-nated sample when viewed from a distance of 15 ft (4.6 m) forType TBX and a distance of 20 ft (6.1 m) for Types TBS andTBA.7.4 The number of thin veneer brick in a delivery that arebroken or otherwise fail to meet the require
30、ments for chippageand tolerances shall not exceed 5 %.7.5 After thin veneer brick are installed, the manufacturer orthe manufacturers agent shall not be held responsible forcompliance of thin veneer brick with the requirements of thisspecification for chippage and tolerances.8. Color and Texture8.1
31、If brick having a particular color, color range, or textureare desired, these features shall be specified separately by thepurchaser. The texture of the finished surfaces that will beexposed when in place shall conform to an approved sampleconsisting of not less than four typical stretcher thin vene
32、erbrick, each representing the desired texture. The color rangeshall be indicated by the approved sample.9. Size and Tolerances9.1 SizeThe face size of thin veneer brick shall be asspecified by the purchaser. In a representative sample of tenunits selected to include the extreme range of color anddi
33、mensions of thin veneer brick to be supplied for each size andcolor combination in the purchase order, no thin brick shalldepart from the specified size by more than the individualtolerance for the type specified as prescribed in Table 3.Tolerances on dimensions for Type TBA shall be as specifiedby
34、the purchaser.NOTE 3For a list of modular sizes see Guide E 835/E 835M. Sizeslisted in this standard are not produced in all parts of the United States.Brick names denoting sizes may be regional and therefore may not beincluded in all reference books. Purchasers should ascertain the size ofbrick ava
35、ilable in their locality and should specify accordingly, stating thedesired dimensions (width by height by length).9.2 WarpageTolerances for distortion or warpage of faceor edges of individual units from a plane surface shall notexceed the maximum for the type specified as prescribed inTable 4. Tole
36、rances on distortion for Type TBA shall be asspecified by the purchaser.10. Sampling and Testing10.1 The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordancewith applicable sections in Test Methods C67.10.2 The manufacturer or the seller shall furnish specimensfor tests. The place or places of selection
37、shall be designatedwhen the purchase order is placed.NOTE 4Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost oftests is typically borne as follows: if the results of the test show that brickdo not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost istypically borne by the seller. I
38、f the results of the tests show that the brickdo conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typicallyborne by the purchaser.TABLE 2 Maximum Permissible Extent of Chippage from the Edges and Corners of Finished Face or Faces onto the SurfaceTypePercentageAllowedAChippage in in. (m
39、m) in fromPercentageAllowedAChippage in in. (mm) in fromEdge Corner Edge CornerTBX 5 % or less18 to14(3.2 to 6.4)14 to38(6.4 to 9.5)95 to 100 % 0 to18(0 to 3.2)0to14(0 to 6.4)TBS (formed)B10 % or less14 to516(6.4 to 7.9)38 to12(9.5 to 12.7)90 to 100 % 0 to14(0 to 6.4)0to38(0 to 9.5)TBS (altered)C15
40、% or less516 to716(7.9 to 11.1)12 to34(12.7 to 19.1)85 to 100 % 0 to516(0 to 7.9)0to12(0 to 12.7)TBA as specified by the purchaser as specified by the purchaserAPercentage of exposed brick allowed in the wall with chips measured the listed dimensions in from an edge or corner.BFormed units are extru
41、ded brick with an unbroken natural die finish face.CAltered units are extruded brick with the face sanded, combed, scratched, scarified, or broken by mechanical means such as wire-cutting or wire brushing, or aremolded brick.C 1088 07a3SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of s
42、elected changes to this standard since the last issue(C 1088 07) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2007.)(1) The title of Section 9 was changed from Size to Size andTolerances.Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issu
43、e(C 1088 06) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Feb. 15, 2007.)(1) The cracking endpoint criterion in 5.2.3 was modified torelate to the units face dimensions.Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C 1088 05a)that may impa
44、ct the use of this standard. (Approved July 15, 2006.)(1) Section 7.5 was changed to clarify that all tolerances areincluded.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are ex
45、pressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revi
46、sed, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you ma
47、y attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United Sta
48、tes. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 3 Tolerances on DimensionsASpecified Dimension,in.
49、 (mm)Maximum PermissibleVariation from SpecifiedDimension, 6in. (mm)Type TBX Type TBS3 (76) and under116 (1.6)332 (2.4)Over 3 to 4 (76 to 102) incl332 (2.4)18 (3.2)Over 4 to 6 (102 to 152) incl18 (3.2)316 (4.7)Over 6 to 8 (152 to 203) incl532 (4.0)14 (6.4)Over 8 to 12 (203 to 305) incl732 (5.6)516 (7.9)Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406) incl932 (7.1)38 (9.5)ATolerances for Type TBA shall be listed in purchase specification.TABLE 4 Tolerances on DistortionAMaximum Face Dimension,in. (mm)Maximum Permissible Distortion, in. (mm)Type
