1、Designation: C1088 14Standard Specification forThin Veneer Brick Units Made From Clay or Shale1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers thin veneer brick units madefrom clay, shale, fire clay, sand, or mixtures thereof, and firedto incipient fu
3、sion for use in adhered or fastened veneerapplications. Three types of thin veneer brick units in each oftwo grades are covered. In this specification, the term thinveneer brick shall be understood to mean clay masonry unitwith a maximum thickness of 134 in. (44.45 mm).NOTE 1Brick intended for pavin
4、g should be specified under Specifi-cation C902.1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply atthe time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining confor-mance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Sec-tion 6) of this
5、 specification is beyond the scope of thisspecification.1.3 Brick covered by this specification are manufacturedfrom clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances andsubjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between
6、the particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-bility requirements of the specification. (See “firing” and “firedbond” in Terminology C1232.)1.4 The text of this specification references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those i
7、n tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the standard.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Refer
8、enced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic PavingBrickC1232 Terminology of Masonry3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to thin veneerbrick, refer to Terminology C1232.4
9、. Classification4.1 Two grades of thin veneer brick units are covered forexposure conditions to weather and are defined in Table 1 asInterior and Exterior.4.2 Three types of thin veneer brick units are covered asfollows:4.2.1 Type TBS (Standard)Thin veneer brick for generaluse in masonry.4.2.2 Type
10、TBX (Select)Thin veneer brick for general usein masonry where a higher degree of precision and lowerpermissible variation in size than permitted for Type TBS isrequired.4.2.3 Type TBA (Architectural)Thin veneer brick for gen-eral use in masonry selected to produce characteristic architec-tural effec
11、ts resulting from nonuniformity in size and texture ofthe individual units.4.3 When the type is not specified, the requirements forType TBS will govern.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Units shall not show surface defects and deficiencies,nor effects of surface treatments including coating in the1Thi
12、s specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approve
13、d in 2013 as C1088 13. DOI:10.1520/C1088-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Cha
14、nges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1manufacturing process, that interfere with installation of thebrick or significantly impair the performance of the construc-tion.5.2 Color
15、s and textures produced by application of inor-ganic coatings to the faces of the thin veneer brick arepermitted if approved by the purchaser, provided that evidenceis furnished of the durability of the coatings.6. Physical Properties6.1 DurabilityWhen the grade is not specified, the re-quirements f
16、or Grade Exterior shall govern.6.1.1 Physical Property RequirementsThe brick shall con-form to the physical property requirements as prescribed inTable 1.6.1.2 Absorption AlternativeThe saturation coefficient re-quirement does not apply, provided the 24-h cold waterabsorption of each of the five uni
17、ts tested does not exceed8.0 %.6.1.3 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe requirementsspecified in Table 1 do not apply, provided a sample of fivebrick passes the freezing and thawing test as described in theRating Section of the Freezing and Thawing test procedures ofTest Methods C67.6.1.3.1 Grade E
18、xterior: Breakage and Weight LossRequirementNo individual unit separates or disintegratesresulting in a weight loss greater than 0.5 % of its original dryweight.6.1.3.2 Grade Exterior: Cracking RequirementNo indi-vidual unit develops a crack that exceeds, in length, the unitsleast face dimension.6.1
19、.4 Low Weathering Index AlternativeIf the thin brickare intended for use exposed to weather where the weatheringindex is less than 50 (see Fig. 1), and unless otherwisespecified, the requirements given in Table 1 for Grade Interiorshall apply.NOTE 2A minimum compressive strength requirement is not i
20、ncludedin combination with other physical property requirements as an indicatorof freeze/thaw durability. The geometry of the thin brick units maypreclude proper testing and can affect the failure mode attained. Thus,compressive strength test results may not be a true indicator of unitfreeze-thaw pe
21、rformance or fired bond.NOTE 3The effect of weathering on thin brick is related to theweathering index, which for any locality is the product of the averageannual number of freezing cycle days and the average annual winterrainfall in inches (millimetres), defined as follows.Afreezing cycle day is an
22、y day during which the air temperature passeseither above or below 32F (0C). The average number of freezing cycledays in a year may be taken to equal the difference between the meannumber of days during which the minimum temperature was 32F (0C)or below, and the mean number of days during which the
23、maximumtemperature was 32F (0C) or below.Winter rainfall is the sum in inches (millimetres) of the mean monthlycorrected precipitation (rainfall) occurring during the period between andincluding the normal date of the first killing frost in the fall and the normaldate of the last killing frost in th
24、e spring. The winter rainfall for any periodis equal to the total precipitation less one tenth of the total fall of snow,sleet, and hail. Rainfall for a portion of a month is prorated.7. Efflorescence7.1 Brick are not required to be tested for efflorescence tocomply with this specification unless re
25、quested by the specifieror purchaser. When the efflorescence test is requested by thespecifier or purchaser, the brick shall be sampled at the place ofmanufacture, and tested in accordance with Test Methods C67,and a rating for efflorescence shall be “not effloresced.” If therating for efflorescence
26、 is “effloresced,” the brick representedby the testing do not meet the efflorescence requirements ofthis specification.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 SizeThe face size of thin veneer brick shall be asspecified by the purchaser. In a representative sample of tenunits selected to include
27、the extreme range of color anddimensions of thin veneer brick to be supplied for each size andcolor combination in the purchase order, no thin brick shalldepart from the specified size by more than the individualtolerance for the type specified as prescribed in Table 2.Tolerances on dimensions for T
28、ype TBA shall be as specifiedby the purchaser.NOTE 4Brick names denoting sizes may be regional and thereforemay not be included in all reference books. Purchasers should ascertainthe size of brick available in their locality and should specify accordingly,stating the desired dimensions (width by hei
29、ght by length).8.2 WarpageTolerances for warpage of face or edges ofindividual units from a plane surface shall not exceed theTABLE 2 Tolerances on DimensionsASpecified Dimension,in. (mm)Maximum PermissibleVariation from SpecifiedDimension, in. (mm)Type TBX Type TBS3 (76) and under116 (1.6)332 (2.4)
30、Over 3 to 4 (76 to 102) incl332 (2.4)18 (3.2)Over 4 to 6 (102 to 152) incl18 (3.2)316 (4.7)Over 6 to 8 (152 to 203) incl532 (4.0)14 (6.4)Over 8 to 12 (203 to 305) incl732 (5.6)516 (7.9)Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406) incl932 (7.1)38 (9.5)ATolerances for Type TBA shall be listed in purchase specification.
31、TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsDesignationMaximum WaterAbsorption by 5-hBoiling, %MaximumSaturationCoefficientAAverageof 5 unitsIndividualAverageof 5 unitsIndividualGrade Exterior 17.0 20.0 0.78 0.80Grade Interior 22.0 25.0 0.88 0.90AThe saturation coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24-h submer
32、sion in coldwater to that after 5-h submersion in boiling water.C1088 142maximum for the type specified as prescribed in Table 3.Tolerances on warpage for Type TBA shall be as specified bythe purchaser.9. Finish and Appearance9.1 Face or Faces:9.1.1 The face or faces that will be exposed in place sh
33、all befree of chips that exceed the limits given in Table 4. Theaggregate length of chips shall not exceed 10 % of theperimeter of the face or faces of the thin veneer brick.9.1.2 The face or faces shall not contain cracks or otherimperfections that detract from the appearance of the desig-nated sam
34、ple when viewed under diffused lighting from adistance of 15 ft (4.6 m) for Type TBX and a distance of 20 ft(6.1 m) for Types TBS and TBA.9.2 The number of thin veneer brick in a delivery that arebroken or otherwise fail to meet the requirements for chippageand tolerances shall not exceed 5 %.9.3 Af
35、ter thin veneer brick are installed, the manufacturer orthe manufacturers agent shall not be held responsible forcompliance of thin veneer brick with the requirements of thisspecification for chippage and tolerances.9.4 If brick having a particular color, color range, or textureare desired, these fe
36、atures shall be specified separately by thepurchaser. The texture of the finished surfaces that will beexposed when in place shall conform to an approved sampleconsisting of not less than four typical stretcher thin veneerbrick, each representing the desired texture. The color rangeshall be indicate
37、d by the approved sample.10. Sampling and Testing10.1 The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordancewith applicable sections in Test Methods C67.Grade Recommendations for Face ExposuresExposureWeathering Index (Note 3)Lessthan 5050 andgreaterIn vertical surfaces:In contact with earth MW SWNot i
38、n contact with earth MW SWIn other than vertical surfaces:In contact with earth SW SWNot in contact with earth MW SWFIG. 1 Weathering Indices in the United StatesTABLE 3 Tolerances on WarpageAMaximum Face Dimension,in. (mm)Maximum Permissible Warpage, in. (mm)Type TBX Type TBS8 (203) and under116 (1
39、.6)332 (2.4)Over 8 to 12 (203 to 305) incl332 (2.4)18 (3.2)Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406) incl18 (3.2)532 (4.0)ATolerances for Type TBA shall be listed in purchase specification.C1088 14310.2 The manufacturer or the seller shall furnish specimensfor tests. The place or places of selection shall be desig
40、natedwhen the purchase order is placed.NOTE 5Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost oftests is typically borne as follows: if the results of the test show that brickdo not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost istypically borne by the seller. If the results
41、of the tests show that the brickdo conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typicallyborne by the purchaser.11. Keywords11.1 appearance requirements; clay; fired masonry units;masonry; physical properties; shale; thin brickSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the loca
42、tion of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1088 13) that may impact the use of this standard. (February 1, 2014)(1) Revsised subsection 9.1.2 to include the words “underdiffused lighting.”(2) The reference to the withdrawn standard E835/E835M wasdeleted in Note 4 and as a listed
43、 reference in Section 2.Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1088 12) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2013)(1) A new Section 3, Terminology, was added and subsequentsections renumbered.ASTM International take
44、s no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own res
45、ponsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be address
46、ed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the
47、 address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (pho
48、ne), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 4 Maximum Permissible Extent of Chippage from the Edges and Corners of Finished Face
49、or Faces onto the SurfaceTypePercentageAllowedAChippage in in. (mm) in fromPercentageAllowedAChippage in in. (mm) in fromEdge Corner Edge CornerTBX 5 % or less18 to14(3.2 to 6.4)14 to38(6.4 to 9.5)95 to 100 % 0 to18(0 to 3.2)0to14(0 to 6.4)TBS (formed)B10 % or less14 to516(6.4 to 7.9)38 to12(9.5 to 12.7)90 to 100 % 0 to14(0 to 6.4)0to38(0 to 9.5)TBS (altered)C15 % or less516 to716(7.9 to 11.1)12 to34(12.7 to 19.1)85 to 100 % 0 to516(0 to 7.9)0to12(0 to 12.7)TBA as specified by the purchaser as specified by the pu
