1、Designation: C1090 10C1090/C1090M 15Standard Test Method forMeasuring Changes in Height of Cylindrical Specimens ofHydraulic-Cement Grout1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1090;C1090/C1090M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers measurement of the changes in height of hydraulic-ceme
3、nt grout by the use of 75 by 150-mm (33by 6-in.)6-in. cylinders, when the cylinders are protected so that the tendency to change in height does not include evaporationso as to cause drying, uptake of moisture, carbonation, or exposure to temperatures outside the range 23 6 2.0C (7373 63F)3.5F or, op
4、tionally, to another specified temperature controlled within 62.0C (63F).63.5F.1.2 If desired, this test method can be adapted to studies of changes in height involving either schedules or environmentaltreatment different from the standard procedures prescribed by this test method.1.3 The values sta
5、ted in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.separately as standard. The valuesstated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformance with
6、 the standard. Some values have only SI units because theinch-pound equivalents are not used in practiceNOTE 1Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for informationonly and does not represent a different standard
7、 sieve size.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Re
8、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC172C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
9、C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of HydraulicCements and ConcretesC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC827C827/C827M Test Method for Change in Height at Early
10、 Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementitious MixturesC939C939/C939M Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test metho
11、d, refer to Terminologies C125 and C219.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.68 onVolume Change.Current edition approved June 15,
12、2010Dec. 15, 2015. Published July 2010March 2016. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as C1090 01 (2005)10. 1. DOI: 10.1520/C1090-10.10.1520/C1090_C1090M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at ser
13、viceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version.
14、 Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section
15、appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1 change in heighteither an increase or decrease in the vertical dimension of a test specimen, provided the change has beencaused by factors other
16、than externally applied forces, changes in ambient temperature not conforming to the specified range,drying caused by evaporation, carbonation, or uptake of moisture.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to provide a means of assessing the ability of a hydraulic-cement grout to ret
17、ain a stable volumeduring the stipulated testing period of 28 days, provided that the tendency to change height does not include the effects of dryingcaused by evaporation, uptake of moisture, carbonation, or exposure to temperatures outside the range 23.0 6 2.0C (7373 63F)3.5F (Note 12). An excepti
18、on is made when the options described in the section on test conditions are exercised.NOTE 2This test method does not measure the change in height before hardeningsetting (see Test Method C827C827/C827M).5. Apparatus5.1 Cylinder Molds, steel cylindrical molds with minimum wall thickness of 6dimensio
19、ns as shown in Fig. 1 mmand Table 1(,14in.) fitted with clamp assemblies for closing, 75 mm (3 in.) 6 1 % in inside diameter by 150 mm (6 in.) 6 2 % in height (Note2), fitted with a removable 6-mm (14-in.) -in. thick steel base plate that can be clamped in place with the cylinder molds, topedge mach
20、ined to a narrow rim as shown in Fig. 1.NOTE 3Satisfactory molds can be made from lengths of steel tubing or pipe that is slit on one side parallel to the longitudinal axis and fitted witha means of closing the vertical slit as well as a means of attaching a base plate.5.2 Glass Plate, approximately
21、 100 mm (4 in.)4 in. square by 6 mm (14 in.)in. thick, coated as thinly as possible thinly coatedon one surface with a silicone-base spray or other inert material such as mineral oil, and permitted to dry before use.5.3 Hold-Down Weight, having a mass of 1.5 kg (3 lb.)3 lb 6 1 %.1%.5.4 Micrometer Br
22、idge, designed to support and hold one cylinder in a level, firm position (Fig. 2), with ) with dimensions asshown in Table 1, with steel rods, and a top made of noncorroding metal, metal with 4 equally spaced holes from the center ofthe hold-down device, not more than 1 mm (364 in.)in. larger than
23、the diameter of the measuring shaft of the micrometer depthgage, and numbered 1 to 4 (4.Note 3).NOTE 3The four holes should be 30 6 2 mm (114 6 116 in.) from the center of the hold-down device.FIG. 1 Cylinder Mold with Machined (Tapered) Top Edge (see Table 1 for dimensions)C1090/C1090M 1525.5 Micro
24、meter Depth Gage, having a range from 25 to 50 mm. (1.000 to 2.000 in)mm 1.0 to 2.0 in graduated in units notlarger than 0.02 mm (0.001 in.) (0.01 mm 0.001 in. TheNote 4). diameter of the shaft of the depth micrometer shall be 3.0 60.4 mm 18 6 164 in.NOTE 4The diameter of the shaft of the depth micr
25、ometer should be 3.0 6 0.4 mm (18 6 164 in.).5.6 Outside Micrometer Caliper, used to measure the thickness of the plate, with a capacity of at least 12 mm (12 in.)in. andgraduated in units not larger than 0.020.01 mm (0.001 in.)0.001 in. having throat depth of at least 50 mm (2.0 in.).2.0 in.5.7 Tam
26、ping Rod, a straight steel rod with at least the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip of the same diameter as therod, 10 mm (38 in.)in. in diameter and at lastleast 250 mm (10 in.)10 in. long.5.8 Mechanical Mixer, as described in Practice C305 (.Note 5).NOTE 4This mixer has clearances between
27、paddle and bowl that are suitable only for mortars made with fine aggregates that are finer than the 850-m(No. 20) sieve. Mortars made with aggregates containing particles coarser than the 850-m (No. 20) sieve may require special clearance or a differenttype of paddle to permit the mixer to operate
28、freely and avoid damage to the paddle and bowl.6. Preparation of Sample6.1 Take a sample of the freshly mixed grout to be tested either in accordance with Practice C172C172/C172M or prepared insufficient quantity to permit molding at least one test specimen for height-change measurements and such ad
29、ditional tests as maybe required or specified.6.2 If the grout to be tested is blended from individual components, mix in accordance with Practice C305 (Note 65). If the groutis made using a packaged product, proceed as follows, unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer.6.2.1 Use 3000 to 3500
30、 g 6 to 8 lb of dry material as required and the proportionate amount of water required for the test.Record amounts used.6.2.2 Place mixing water in mixing bowl.6.2.3 Add dry material during the first 30-s period while mixing at slow speed, 140 6 5 r/min.rev/min.6.2.4 Continue mixing for 3 min, stop
31、ping the mixer for not over 15 s after 1 min to scrape down into the batch any grout thatmay have collected on the side of the bowl.NOTE 5If the grout contains fine aggregate, the mixing procedure for mortar is applicable; if it does not, that for paste is applicable.6.3 Cast the samplespecimen and
32、lock the glass plate, micrometer bridge, top plate, plunger, and weight into position within 4min after completion of mixing. Complete the initial measurements within 3 min after completion of these operations.6.4 If it is required or desired to cast the specimen after a longer holding period, conti
33、nue mixing of either the whole orremaining portion, as appropriate, at slow speed for the specified time and the sample cast, apparatus locked, and take initialmeasurements within 3 min after completion of these operations.7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 Coat the exterior seams of the cylinder mold a
34、nd the exterior joint between the mold and the base plate with melted paraffinwax. Coat the interior of the cylinder mold and base plate lightly with mineral oil (Note 76). Attach the mold to the micrometerbridge.NOTE 6The exterior of the mold and the base plate may be coated with paraffin wax to fa
35、cilitate cleanup after completion of the test.8. Conditioning8.1 Keep the air temperature at 23 6 2C (7373 6 3F),3.5F, and a relative humidity of not less than 50 %.50%. Store thetest specimen at a temperature of 2362C 7363.5F for the duration of the test, unless otherwise specified. When it is desi
36、redTABLE 1 Dimensions and Tolerances for Cylinder Mold (Fig. 1)and Micrometer Bridge (Fig. 2)Dimensions SI units Inch-Pound Units ToleranceA 150 mm 6 in. 2%B 75 mm 3 in. 1%C 8 mm 516 in. 20%D 75 mm 3 in. 1%E 150 mm 6 in. 2%F 1 mm 364 in. 30%G 180 mm 7 in. 2%H 10 mm 38 in. 2%I 6 mm 14 in. 2%J 185 mm
37、714 in. 2%K 30 mm 114 in. 20%L 50 mm 2 in. 25%C1090/C1090M 153to test the height change of material that is permitted to be used in the field at temperatures either below or above 23 6 2C, 2C73 6 3.5F, use such other temperatures controlled to 62C (3F)(63.5F) throughout instead of 23 6 2C. 2C 73 6 3
38、.5F.Record the temperature of the mixing water, other materials, and of the mixture immediately after mixing is completed. Store theheight-change apparatus in air at the desired test storage temperature within 62C 63.5F before casting the specimen.8.2 Protect the test specimen from loss of moisture,
39、 absorption of moisture, or reaction with carbon dioxide for the duration ofthe test. Store the specimen in the moist room or in laboratory air described asin 8.2.2follows:. Under either condition, thespecimen shall remain protected at all times during the test for 28 days except during removal of t
40、he glass plate and the takingof measurements.8.2.1 Moist Room StorageImmediately after taking the initial measurements, cover the plunger and bridge apparatus with aplastic bag previously fitted and cut to a length that extends downward to the midpoint of the specimen mold to prevent water fromdripp
41、ing on the bridge, glass plate, or specimen. Then carefully place the specimen without vibration in a moist room or moistcabinet meeting the requirements of Specification C511.8.2.2 Laboratory Air StoragePrior to casting the test specimen, place the entire apparatus in a prefitted plastic bag just l
42、argeenough to be gathered and tied above the plunger and bridge. Roll down or collapse the bag so as not to interfere with the castingoperation. Immediately after taking the initial measurement, place a damp, but not dripping, towel around the outside of the lowerFIG. 2 Dimensions of Micrometer Brid
43、ge (see Table 1 for numerical values)C1090/C1090M 154portion of the four posts supporting the bridge, inside the plastic bag. The towel shall extend upward, but not to more than halfthe height of the cylinder. Gather and tie the plastic bag just above the plunger and bridge.8.2.3 Subsequent StorageI
44、f after 28-days storage, as previously described, it is desired to observe height change whileallowing some drying or carbonation, or both, to occur, remove the specimen from the moist room, or from being protected bythe plastic bag and damp towels, exposed to air at 50 6 4 %4% relative humidity and
45、 at the same temperature at which the testwas previously maintained.9. Procedure9.1 Place the apparatus on a smooth, horizontal surface, which is free of vibration or disturbance. Remove the top of the bridgeafter it has been pre-leveled parallel to the top of the mold rim by using the four lower nu
46、ts.9.2 Determine consistency in accordance with Test Method C827C827/C827M. Consider mixtures having a flow of less than100 %100% as “stiff plastic;” those having flows between 100 and 125 %125% are considered “plastic.” A “flowable” mixtureshall have a flow between 125 and 145 %145% when tested in
47、accordance with Test Method C827C827/C827M, but not less than30 s when tested in accordance with Test Method C939C939/C939M.A“fluid” mixture shall have a flow of 10 to 30 s when testedin accordance with Test Method C939C939/C939M.9.3 When testing a material that does not flow easily into the mold, f
48、ill by using three equal layers, rod each layer 15 times withthe tamping rod. When testing materials that flow easily into the mold, fill the mold and tap the side of the mold lightly three timeswith the tamping rod. Use sufficient material so that after consolidation the mold is slightly overfilled
49、.9.4 Carefully place Place the coated surface of the glass plate on top of the test specimen as follows: Hold the plate, coated sidedown, with the index finger placed in the center and the thumb and other fingers on two opposite edges. Bring the plate, held atan angle of approximately 45, to the beveled edge of the cylinder mold at a point 12 mm (12 in.)in. from the lower edge of theplate. Using this contact point as a fixed hinge, lower the plate in a sin
