1、Designation: C 1090 01 (Reapproved 2005)e1Standard Test Method forMeasuring Changes in Height of Cylindrical Specimens ofHydraulic-Cement Grout1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEFootnotes 4 and 5 were removed editorially June 2005.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers m
3、easurement of the changes inheight of hydraulic-cement grout by the use of 75 by 150-mm(3 by 6-in.) cylinders, when the cylinders are protected so thatthe tendency to change in height does not include evaporationso as to cause drying, uptake of moisture, carbonation, orexposure to temperatures outsi
4、de the range 23 6 2.0 C (73 63 F) or, optionally, to another specified temperature controlledwithin 6 2.0 C (6 3 F).1.2 If desired, this test method can be adapted to studies ofchanges in height involving either schedules or environmentaltreatment different from the standard procedures prescribed by
5、this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices an
6、d determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moi
7、st Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC 827 Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages ofCylindrical Specimens from Cementitious Mi
8、xturesC 939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)3. Terminology3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 change in heighteither an increase or decrease in thevertical dimension of a test specimen, provided the change hasbeen caused by factors
9、other than externally applied forces,changes in ambient temperature not conforming to the speci-fied range, drying caused by evaporation, carbonation, oruptake of moisture.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to provide a means ofassessing the ability of a hydraulic-cement grout t
10、o retain astable volume during the stipulated testing period of 28 days,provided that the tendency to change height does not includethe effects of drying caused by evaporation, uptake of moisture,carbonation, or exposure to temperatures outside the range 23.06 2.0 C (73 6 3 F) (Note 1). An exception
11、 is made when theoptions described in the section on test conditions are exer-cised.NOTE 1This test method does not measure the change in heightbefore hardening (see Test Method C 827).5. Apparatus5.1 Cylinder Molds steel cylindrical molds with minimumwall thickness of 6 mm (14 in.) fitted with clam
12、p assemblies forclosing, 75 mm (3 in.) 6 1 % in inside diameter by 150 mm (6in.) 6 2 % in height (Note 2), fitted with a removable 6-mm(14-in.) steel base plate that can be clamped in place with thecylinder molds, top edge machined to a narrow rim as shownin Fig. 1.1This test method is under the jur
13、isdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.68 on Volume Change of Concrete.Current edition approved June 10, 2001. Published September 2001. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as C 1090 96.2Fo
14、r referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
15、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 2Satisfactory molds can be made from lengths of steel tubingor pipe that is slit on one side parallel to the longitudinal axis and fittedwith a means of closing the vertical slit as well as a means of attaching abase plate.5.2 Glass Plate appro
16、ximately 100 mm (4 in.) square by 6mm (14 in.) thick, coated as thinly as possible on one surfacewith a silicone-base spray or other inert material such asmineral oil, and permitted to dry before use.5.3 Hold-Down Weight having a mass of 1.5 kg (3 lb.) 61%.5.4 designed to support and hold one cylind
17、er in a level,firm position (Fig. 2), with steel rods, and a top made ofnoncorroding metal, not more than 1 mm (364 in.) larger thanthe diameter of the measuring shaft of the micrometer depthgage, and numbered 1 to 4 (Note 3).NOTE 3The four holes should be 30 6 2mm(114 6116 in.) from thecenter of th
18、e hold-down device.5.5 Micrometer Depth Gage having a range from 25 to 50mm. (1.000 to 2.000 in) graduated in units not larger than 0.02mm (0.001 in.) (Note 4).NOTE 4The diameter of the shaft of the depth micrometer should be3.0 6 0.4 mm (18 6164 in.).5.6 Outside Micrometer Caliper, used to measure
19、the thick-ness of the plate, with a capacity of at least 12 mm (12 in.) andgraduated in units not larger than 0.02 mm (0.001 in.) havingthroat depth of at least 50 mm (2.0 in.).5.7 Tamping Rod, a straight steel rod with at least thetamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip of the samediameter as th
20、e rod, 10 mm (38 in.) in diameter and at last 250mm (10 in.) long.5.8 Mechanical Mixer, as described in Practice C 305 (Note5).NOTE 5This mixer has clearances between paddle and bowl that aresuitable only for mortars made with fine aggregates that are finer than the850-m (No. 20) sieve. Mortars made
21、 with aggregates containing particlescoarser than the 850-m sieve may require special clearance or a differenttype of paddle to permit the mixer to operate freely and avoid damage tothe paddle and bowl.6. Preparation of Sample6.1 Take a sample of the freshly mixed grout to be testedeither in accorda
22、nce with Practice C 172 or prepared insufficient quantity to permit molding at least one test specimenfor height-change measurements and such additional tests asmay be required or specified.6.2 If the grout to be tested is blended from individualcomponents, mix in accordance with Practice C 305 (Not
23、e 6).If the grout is made using a packaged product, proceed asfollows, unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer.6.2.1 Use 3000 to 3500 g of dry material as required and theproportionate amount of water required for the test. Recordamounts used.6.2.2 Place mixing water in mixing bowl.6.2.3 Ad
24、d dry material during the first 30-s period whilemixing at slow speed, 140 6 5 r/min.6.2.4 Continue mixing for 3 min, stopping the mixer for notover 15 s after 1 min to scrape down into the batch any groutthat may have collected on the side of the bowl.FIG. 1 Cylinder Mold with Machined (Tapered) To
25、p EdgeNOTE 1All parts of this bridge shall be made of a noncorroding metal.NOTE 2The diameter of the measuring shaft of the depth micrometershall be 3.0 6 0.4 mm (18 6164 in. The four holes should be 25 6 1mm(1 6116 in. from the center of the cylinder as shown in Fig. 1.FIG. 2 Dimensions of Micromet
26、er BridgeC 1090 01 (2005)e12NOTE 6If the grout contains fine aggregate, the mixing procedure formortar is applicable; if it does not, that for paste is applicable.6.3 Cast the sample and lock the glass plate, micrometerbridge, top plate, plunger, and weight into position within 4min after completion
27、 of mixing. Complete the initial measure-ments within 3 min after completion of these operations.6.4 If it is required or desired to cast the specimen after alonger holding period, continue mixing of either the whole orremaining portion, as appropriate, at slow speed for thespecified time and the sa
28、mple cast, apparatus locked, and takeinitial measurements within 3 min after completion of theseoperations.7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 Coat the exterior seams of the cylinder mold and theexterior joint between the mold and the base plate with meltedparaffin wax. Coat the interior of the cylinder
29、mold and baseplate lightly with mineral oil (Note 7). Attach the mold to themicrometer bridge.NOTE 7The exterior of the mold and the base plate may be coatedwith paraffin wax to facilitate cleanup after completion of the test.8. Conditioning8.1 Keep the air temperature at 23 6 2C(736 3 F), anda rela
30、tive humidity of not less than 50 %. Store the testspecimen at a temperature of 23 6 2 C for the duration of thetest, unless otherwise specified. When it is desired to test theheight change of material that is permitted to be used in thefield at temperatures either below or above 23 6 2 C, use sucho
31、ther temperatures controlled to 62 C (3 F) throughoutinstead of 23 6 2 C. Record the temperature of the mixingwater, other materials, and of the mixture immediately aftermixing is completed. Store the height-change apparatus in airat the desired test storage temperature within 62 C beforecasting the
32、 specimen.8.2 Protect the test specimen from loss of moisture, absorp-tion of moisture, or reaction with carbon dioxide for theduration of the test. Store the specimen in the moist room or inlaboratory air described as follows: Under either condition, thespecimen shall remain protected at all times
33、during the test for28 days except during removal of the glass plate and the takingof measurements.8.2.1 Moist Room StorageImmediately after taking theinitial measurements, cover the plunger and bridge apparatuswith a plastic bag previously fitted and cut to a length thatextends downward to the midpo
34、int of the specimen mold toprevent water from dripping on the bridge, glass plate, orspecimen. Then carefully place the specimen in a moist roomor moist cabinet meeting the requirements of SpecificationC511.8.2.2 Laboratory Air StoragePrior to casting the testspecimen, place the entire apparatus in
35、a prefitted plastic bagjust large enough to be gathered and tied above the plunger andbridge. Roll down or collapse the bag so as not to interfere withthe casting operation. Immediately after taking the initialmeasurement, place a damp, but not dripping, towel around theoutside of the lower portion
36、of the four posts supporting thebridge, inside the plastic bag. The towel shall extend upward,but not to more than half the height of the cylinder. Gather andtie the plastic bag just above the plunger and bridge.8.2.3 Subsequent StorageIf after 28-days storage, as pre-viously described, it is desire
37、d to observe height change whileallowing some drying or carbonation, or both, to occur, removethe specimen from the moist room, or from being protected bythe plastic bag and damp towels, exposed to air at 50 6 4%relative humidity and at the same temperature at which the testwas previously maintained
38、.9. Procedure9.1 Place the apparatus on a smooth, horizontal surface,which is free of vibration or disturbance. Remove the top of thebridge after it has been pre-leveled parallel to the top of themold rim by using the four lower nuts.9.2 Determine consistency in accordance with Test MethodC 827. Con
39、sider mixtures having a flow of less than 100 % as“stiff plastic;” those having flows between 100 and 125 % areconsidered “plastic.” A “flowable” mixture shall have a flowbetween 125 and 145 % when tested in accordance with TestMethod C 827, but not less than 30 s when tested in accordancewith Test
40、Method C 939. A “fluid” mixture shall have a flow of10 to 30 s when tested in accordance with Test Method C 939.9.3 When testing a material that does not flow easily into themold, fill by using three equal layers, rod each layer 15 timeswith the tamping rod. When testing materials that flow easilyin
41、to the mold, fill the mold and tap the side of the mold lightlythree times with the tamping rod. Use sufficient material so thatafter consolidation the mold is slightly overfilled.9.4 Carefully place the coated surface of the glass plate ontop of the test specimen as follows: Hold the plate, coated
42、sidedown, with the index finger placed in the center and the thumband other fingers on two opposite edges. Bring the plate, heldat an angle of approximately 45, to the beveled edge of thecylinder mold at a point 12 mm (12 in.) from the lower edge ofthe plate. Using this contact point as a fixed hing
43、e, lower theplate in a single motion until the excess material is extrudedand full contact with the rim is established. Neither slide noruse the glass plate in a screeding motion, as this will eithersmear the material on the glass or cover voids, thus makingtheir detection at this time difficult. Af
44、ter placing the glassplate, maintain contact between the plate and the rim until theplunger and weight have been placed.9.4.1 Quickly examine the grout surface through the glassplate for voids. If there is an area larger than 3.2 mm (18 in.) indiameter which lacks contact with the plate, discard the
45、 entiretest specimen (Note 8).NOTE 8In order to keep rejected test specimens to a minimum,operators conducting this operation for the first time have found it helpfulto practice several times placing the plate on a cylinder filled with aneasily available plain mortar before starting the test.9.5 Imm
46、ediately after placing the glass plate, place thepreleveled top plate of the micrometer bridge in position,tighten wing nuts, and lower the plunger of the hold-downdevice until it makes contact with the top surface of the glassplate. To ensure firm contact between the plunger and the plate,place a 1
47、.5-kg (3-lb) mass on the top of the plunger prior to thetightening of the setscrew of the plunger. Following theC 1090 01 (2005)e13tightening of the setscrew, remove the mass and immediatelyinsert the depth micrometer shaft through the four holes locatedon the top plate of the bridge until the finge
48、r rests are in fullcontact with it. Turn the shaft down and determine four initialmeasurements from this surface to the top surface of the glassplate covering the cylinder mold. Make measurements to thenearest 0.02 mm (0.001 in.). Calculate the average; do notround the numerical value. While the sha
49、ft is still touching theglass plate, use a glass marker to make a circle around thecontact areas as the points at which later plate-thicknessmeasurements will be taken.9.6 Release the plunger and remove the glass plate from thetop of the test specimen 24 612 h after starting the mixing.9.7 Immediately after removal, measure the thickness of theglass plate at the points of contact between the glass plate andthe micrometer depth gage and record to the nearest 0.02 mm(0.001 in.).9.8 At ages of 24 612 h, 3 days 6 1 h, 14 days 6 6h,and28
