1、Designation: C1098 08 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification forNuclear-Grade Hafnium Oxide Powder1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1098; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification defines the physical and chemicalrequirements for hafnium oxide powder intended for fabrica-tion into shapes fo
3、r use in a nuclear reactor core.1.2 The material described herein shall be particulate innature.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C117 Test Method for Materials Finer
4、than 75-m (No. 200)Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by WashingC371 Test Method for Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Non-plastic Ceramic PowdersC859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear MaterialsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials2.2 A
5、NSI/ASME Standard:NQA-1 ASME Quality Assurance Program Requirementsfor Nuclear Facility Applications32.3 U.S. Government Standard:Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 50, Energy (10CFR 50), Domestic Licensing of Production and Utiliza-tion Facilities43. Terminology3.1 Terms shall be defined i
6、n accordance with TerminologyC859 except for the following:3.2 buyerthe organization issuing the purchase order.3.3 hafnium oxide powderhafnium oxide that contains nohard aggregates larger than 20 mesh (840 m).3.4 phase transformationthe rearrangement of the atomicordering of a crystalline lattice a
7、s material is cycled through acritical transformation or inversion temperature; the changefrom one crystalline phase to another may be accompanied bya volume change that could lead to cracks or defects inproducts fabricated from such materials.5,63.5 powder lota specified quantity of hafnium oxidepo
8、wder (with stabilizing additive, if applicable) blended to-gether such that samples taken in accordance with the proce-dures of Section 8 can be considered as representative of theentire quantity.3.6 sellerthe hafnium oxide powder processor.3.7 stabilizing additivematerial which, when added insuffic
9、ient concentration to the subject material exhibiting thephase transformation, produces a stabilized crystalline phasethat does not undergo a transformation at any temperaturewithin the expected fabrication or usage regime of the manu-factured product; the potentially deleterious volume change isthe
10、refore avoided.4. Ordering Information4.1 The buyer shall specify the following information on theorder:4.1.1 Quantity (weight of delivered product).4.1.2 Nominal particle size, particle size range, and appli-cable tolerances. Test Method C371 and Test Method C117 andSpecification E11 may be applied
11、 for particles larger than 37m. For particle sizes less than 37 m, the particle sizedistribution will be determined using a method agreed uponbetween the buyer and the seller.4.1.3 Stabilizing AdditiveThe amount and types of stabi-lizing additives (if any, including limits).4.1.4 Lot size.1This spec
12、ification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 onNuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.03 onNeutron Absorber Materials Specifications.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved
13、 in 2008 as C1098 08. DOI:10.1520/C1098-08R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from
14、 American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5Curtis, C. E., Doney, L.
15、 M., and Johnson, J. R., “Some Properties of HafniumOxide, Hafnium Silicate, Calcium Hafnate, and Hafnium Carbide,” Journal ofAmerican Ceramic Society, Vol 37, 1954, pp. 458465.6Brown, L. M., and Mazdiyasni, K. S., “Characterization of Alkoxy-DerivedYttria-Stabilized Hafnia,” Journal of American Cer
16、amic Society, Vol 53, 1970, pp.590594.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.5 Sampling requirements.5. Chemical Composition5.1 A stabilizing additive may be utilized with the hafniumoxide. The recommended stabilizing add
17、itive is yttrium oxide(Y2O3). The typical concentration range is 7 to 10 weight %Y2O3in the finished product. References to other stabilizingadditives (such as calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesium oxide(MgO) may be found in the literature and may be used ifagreed upon between the buyer and the seller.
18、However, it iscautioned that the buyer should be aware of potential destabi-lization during thermal cycling when MgO or CaO is used.5.2 Use analytical chemistry methods as agreed upon be-tween the buyer and the seller.5.3 Impurity ConcentrationThe impurity concentration,excluding zirconia and the st
19、abilizing additives, shall notexceed 0.5 weight %. Individual element limits are specified inTable 1. The buyer may, in addition, specify the limits forelements not listed in Table 1.5.4 The zirconium concentration shall not exceed 4.5weight % on the basis of Zr/(Zr + Hf).6. Physical Requirements6.1
20、 The nominal particle size, particle size range, andapplicable tolerances shall be specified on the purchase order.7. Cleanliness7.1 The powder shall be handled in a manner to avoidcontamination by foreign matter such as dust, cleaning agentsand organics, and materials such as plastics and paper use
21、d inpackaging. Cleaning solutions, if used, shall be free of halidesand nonvolatile additives and shall be removed from thepowder prior to sampling and packaging.8. Sampling8.1 Sampling plans to meet acceptance criteria and inspec-tion and measurement procedures that describe the method ofcompliance
22、 with this specification shall be approved by thebuyer. The degree of sampling where not specified in thisspecification varies with the application and for this reasonshould be specified on the purchase order. Practice E105 isreferenced as a guide.8.2 Sufficient samples shall be taken, as needed, fo
23、r qualityverification tests, acceptance tests, referee tests and archivesamples.8.3 Archive samples shall be retained and disposed of inaccordance with the buyers instructions.9. Inspection and Certification9.1 The seller shall inspect the material covered by thisspecification and shall furnish the
24、buyer with certificates oftests showing the results of testing and inspection performed oneach powder lot.9.2 The seller shall certify that each powder lot is incompliance with the provisions of this specification.10. Rejection and Rehearing10.1 Unless the buyer and seller agree otherwise, rejection
25、and acceptance shall be on a lot basis.10.2 Powder lots that fail to conform to the requirements ofthe specification may be rejected by the buyer. The seller maypetition the buyer to waive selected requirements for identifiedout-of-specification lots. Decision to grant such waiver belongsto the buye
26、r. The seller may also apply any remedy to bringrejected lots into specification providing the seller can demon-strate to the buyer that such remedy does not impair thefunction or preclude the certification of the rejected material.10.3 In the event of disagreement over the results ofanalysis, sampl
27、es shall be submitted to a mutually selectedreferee for resolution.11. Packaging, and Package Marking11.1 The powder shall be packaged in sealed containers forshipment from the seller to the buyer. The seller will beresponsible for using a shipping container that assurescleanliness, minimizes moistu
28、re pickup, provides adequateprotection against damage during transportation, and ensuresreasonable ease of unpackaging.11.2 Each container shall be clearly marked with the fol-lowing:11.2.1 Hafnium oxide powder plus stabilizing additive, ifapplicable,11.2.2 Purchase order number,11.2.3 Purchase orde
29、r specification,11.2.4 Gross, net, and tare weight,11.2.5 Lot number, and11.2.6 Name of seller.12. Quality Assurance12.1 Quality assurance requirements shall be specified inthe purchase order. Code of Federal Regulations Title 10, Part50, Appendix B and ASME NQA-1 are referenced as guides.13. Keywor
30、ds13.1 CaO; hafnium oxide; MgO; powder; stabilizing addi-tive; Y2O3TABLE 1 Impurity Concentration LimitsElementMaximum ConcentrationLimit,(g/g Powder)B 400Gd 200Gd+Sm+Eu+Dy 500Co 100Si 2000F3F+Cl+Br+l 100Th 400C1098 08 (2015)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent
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33、s will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted b
34、y ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 08 (2015)3
